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Team leadership in engineering education
Get PDFTeamwork is an integral part of leadership, and many teamwork skills are also leadership skills. This chapter explains how instructors can help engineering students build their capacity for leadership while working in teams.This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Wolfinbarger, K. G. (2022). Team Leadership in Engineering Education. New Directions for Student Leadership, 2022(173), 53–61, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/yd.20479. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.YesArticle published in Special Issue: Student Leadership Development in Engineering
DARE to Say NO
Get PDFUsing the Acronym DARE we'll look specifically at reclassing the offensive and dated terminology of call numbers for materials classified with N and O Cutter numbers for "Negro" and "Oriental." DARE is short for Decide (to undertake the project), Access (changing the metadata), Repair (the label, record, shelving location, etc) or Eliminate (weed
Efficient Neural Architecture Search using Genetic Algorithm
Get PDFNASNet and AmoebaNet are state-of-the-art neural architecture search systems
that were able to achieve better accuracy than state-of-the-art human-made convolutional neural networks. Despite the innovation of the NASNet search space,
it lacks the ability to express flexibility in terms of optimizing non-convolutional
operation layers, such as batch normalization, activation, and dropout. These
layers are hand designed by the architect prior to optimization, limiting the exploration possible for model architectures by narrowing down the search space.
In addition, the NASNet search space can not allow for many non-classical optimization techniques to be applied as it lacks the ability to be expressed in a
fixed-length, floating-point, multidimensional array. Lastly, both NASNet and
AmoebaNet use an extensive amount of computation, both evaluating 20,000
models during optimization, consuming 2,000 GPU hours worth of computation.
This work addresses these limitations by, first, changing the NASNet search space
to include optimization of non-convolutional operation layers through the addition of a building block that allows for the optimization for the order and inclusion
of these layers; second, proposing a fixed-length, floating-point, multidimensional
array representation to allow other non-classical optimization techniques, such
as particle swarm optimization, to be applied; and third, proposing an efficient
genetic algorithm, while using state of-the-art techniques to reduce training comiv
plexity. After only 1,300 models evaluated, consuming 190 GPU hours, evolving
on the CIFAR-10 benchmark dataset, the best model configuration yielded a test
accuracy of 94.6% with only 1.3 million parameters, and a test accuracy of 95.09%
with only 5.17 million parameters, outperforming both ResNet110 and WideResNet. When transferring to the CIFAR-100 benchmark dataset, the best model
configuration yielded a test accuracy of 71.1% with only 1.3 million parameters,
and a test accuracy of 76.53% with only 5.17 million parameters
Aerial photo index, Stephens County, OK
No full textAerial photograph index (map), Stephens County, Oklahom
Aerial photo index, Grant County, OK. Section 1 of 4
No full textAerial photograph index (photomosaic), Grant County Oklahoma. MAP 1 of
Modeling Relationships Between Brain/Muscle Activity and Locomotive Behavior
Get PDFThe dynamics of locomotion involve a fine-tuned, continuous feedback loop between processes in the brain, functioning of the muscles, and interactions with the environment. Neurological or motor disability can often disrupt this loop and alter muscle activation patterns and corresponding behavior. In order to maintain some level of function, the brain and body adopt atypical locomotive strategies that are often sub-optimal, which can have negative impacts on overall health and inhibit continued motor learning. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately and holistically characterize and diagnose motor behavior when providing interventions. In this dissertation, I propose an approach for comprehensively describing the variations in motor behavior within and across individuals, in addition to an approach for relating brain activity to motor behavior.
Many traditional locomotive analyses utilize subjective metrics derived from manually observed measures of the behavior, making it infeasible for high volumes of data with large numbers of trials or individuals. Additionally, broad summary statistics from a subset of the behavioral measures are typically used but fall short of capturing the full context or the inter-dependencies of the most important locomotive variables. In this work, I develop an approach to uncover the underlying characteristics defining distinct locomotive behaviors across multiple limbs and individuals, simultaneously. I apply higher-order statistics, not utilized in standard gait analyses, to identify time-varying, multi-modal activation patterns for comprehensive descriptions and visualizations. With these methods, I describe muscle recruitment strategies during gait of individuals with and without osteomyoplastic transfemoral amputation (OTFA) using pressure and electromyography (EMG) data and provide a robust approach for extracting, characterizing, and grouping the motor behavior across strides. I demonstrate the presence of muscle activity within the distal-residuum of multiple individuals with OTFA, which has not been shown before. I provide a novel perspective on co-contraction and compare the distributions of co-contraction timing between individuals with and without OTFA. Additionally, I provide quantitative descriptions of the distribution of pressures to objectively determine the quality of prosthetic fit. These results have potential implications for improving rehabilitation outcomes, prosthetic design, and reducing the risk of injury.
I also propose an approach for relating limb movements (from kinematic data) with brain activity (from electroencephalography, EEG) in infants during the acquisition of crawling. In this approach, I decompose the EEG signals into constituent frequency components and measure their relevance using machine learning models that predict movement from three developmental periods. This approach enables the examination of longitudinal changes in brain activity as infants are learning to crawl. I demonstrate that multiple frequency components of the EEG signals at distinct locations are relevant for predicting limb movements and I provide evidence for increasing functional connectivity at higher brain activation frequencies
Design and construction technology in Mexican social housing at the end of the 20th century.
Get PDFThis paper examines the role of construction systems in the success and failure of the Mexican government and the private sector in providing housing for the working class at the end of the 20th century. In this study, construction systems are examined that enabled developers to build thousands of housing units with significant sociocultural impacts on urban development in Mexican cities.
Based on evidence collected from governmental housing policy, interviews with individuals, technical manuals, and documentary film, this study demonstrates that construction technology at the end of the 20th century produced low-income neighborhoods as material assemblages that interacted with human desires during the global economic challenges of the period.
Keywords: Social housing, Mexico, monolithic construction technology, assemblage theor
Mechanical properties of class H cement at room and elevated temperatures and the effect of gilsonite and microcellulose on its mechanical properties
Get PDFWith an increase in global energy demands, the importance of well integrity and the oilfield cements has become more important than ever as it guarantees the continuous supply of fossil fuel to fulfill the requirement of the world. Drilling operations in recent years have gone into much deeper depths to meet the global demands in hydrocarbons, geothermal, gas storage and carbon sequestration purposes. In well integrity, cement plays a crucial role as it seals/isolates the troublesome formation or thief zone meanwhile protect the casing from corrosion and giving structural support to it. Therefore, it is necessary that cement slurry characteristics should be designed according to the subsurface environment, thus a proper characterization of the mechanical properties of cement in the laboratory is mandatory get to know its behavior when exposed to downhole conditions, and cubes and cylinders are the most commonly used shapes to characterized the mechanical properties, nevertheless, American Petroleum Institute (API) does not have a recommendation for cylinders, moreover, a review of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and British standards (BS) for the UCS is given, hence a study to determine if a correlation between cubes and cylinders can be achieved is studied.
Though there are many conventional additives in the market but unconventional additives like Gilsonite and Microcellulose is not extensively studied. Gilsonite is a naturally occurring additive that is derived from hydrocarbons classified as asphaltite. It has been used in water-based drilling fluid and sometimes with an oil base mud as a treatment for filtration and sloughing shale problems. Given the useful properties of Gilsonite such as impermeability, low specific gravity and its great corrosive and acidic resistance it has been used as a loss of circulation material in cement applications. Micro-cellulose (MC) has been reported as a great additive in geothermal well fluid loss curing solutions. Given the recent success of using Micro-Cellulose in curing loss circulation and providing Wellbore Strengthening, addition of some amount to the cement slurry could inevitably be an option for cement fluid loss cure. However, the Micro-Cellulose can change the hydration process on the cement due to its natural characteristics, decreasing the compressive strength of the cement at the early stages; this phenomenon will be further described in the paper
This paper shows the results of more than 100 tests conducted on cement cubes and cylinders to determine if a correlation between cubes and cylinders can be obtained, cubes and cylinders samples of class H cement at room and elevated temperature were prepared, and an investigation of more than 500 test was performed to show the effect of age (up to 120 days) and temperature (23c and 75c) on class H neat, H + 4% Microcellulose and 4% Gilsonite to investigate the effect of those additives in the mechanical properties of the cement.
It was observed that variation in the results existed in the UCS when cubes are compared with the cylinder, which raises the importance of the development of the new standard. The results showed the high compressive strength of the cube as much as 50% and 35% for the sample cured at high and room temperature respectively. Moreover, no correlation existed between the cylinder cured at high temperature and UCS or UPV. Whereas the cube sample was able to give a logarithmic or exponential correlation for all the testing scenarios. Hence a better understanding of the cylindrical sample is needed and the data from this research can help to compare the results from these two geometries.
This research also focuses on the evaluation of mechanical properties of Gilsonite and Microcellulose (MC) cement composite and compared with neat Class H cement. The compressive strength of the cement is measured through a direct and indirect method. Samples were cured at high temperatures (75°C) and at ambient conditions for the period of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 60, 90 and 120 days. It was found that at high temperature (HT) the development of compressive strength in 4% Gilsonite cement composite was very rapid with the UCS going as high as 42MPa within three days of curing. Whereas 4% MC shows an identical behavior as Gilsonite at room temperature, but a decrease in strength at HT when compared to Gilsonite or neat class H cement
Peptide Aggregation Induced Immunogenic Cell Death
No full textCell death is an inevitable biological outcome, every living thing dies. However, how cells die is an important question and ultimately is decisive in homeostasis and disease progression. Immune system is in the center of health and disease conditions and its proper activation is critical for life. In case of infection/cancer, immune system recognizes and kills the infected/cancerous cells. Proper recognition and activation solely depend on the activation of specialized cells called antigen presenting cells (APCs). These cells present components of the non-host called antigens and directs the immune system towards it. Evolutionary conserved receptors on these cells are specialized to recognize several patterns and motifs. These motifs are called pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) exogeneous and endogenous factors, respectively. DAMPs gained increasing attention since the initial proposal of the Danger Theory, which proposes that the immune system responds to danger. One of the most infamous examples of DAMP release in disease conditions is the neurodegenerative disorders. Aggregating peptides such as amyloid beta (A), damage the cell membranes of healthy cells leading to DAMP release and increased neuroinflammation. While resulting in an ultimately undesired disease progression, membrane damaging role of aggregating proteins can be harnessed for immunotherapy applications for the induction of ICD and DAMP release. However, utilization of peptides such as A are difficult to synthesize, characterize and lead to uncontrollable heterogeneous structures. Biologically, antibodies form against A, drastically limiting their utilization for immunotherapy applications. Therefore, tools that are easy to synthesize, characterize and mimic the functionality of membrane damage and DAMP release without inducing serious side effects have high potential to be utilized in multiple different immunotherapy applications.
In this dissertation, an engineering platform called co-assembly of oppositely charged peptides (CoOP) and its applications in ICD and DAMP release is studied. Inspired by the aggregation induced-cell membrane damage of A, we introduced two oppositely charged peptide pairs called EFFIIE and KFFIIK forming [II] peptide. We first studied the cellular consequences of [II] peptide and found that [II] peptide aggregation induces ICD and DAMP release in several different healthy and cancer cell lines. Leveraging the DAMP-releasing effect of [II] peptide, we developed a quadrivalent influenza vaccine and found significantly elevated IgG1 and IgG2a responses, corresponding to the engagement of Th2 and Th1 immunity, respectively. Next, we showed the controllability of [II] peptide aggregation, which ultimately leads to control over DAMP release and the immunogenicity of dying cells. Different aggregation profiles lead to differential membrane damage and DAMP release profiles. When cells were treated with [II] peptide at different aggregation states, the dying cells led to protection in a prophylactic vaccination model against breast cancer, and differences in aggregation status led to differential protection levels. Lastly, we used [II] peptide aggregation model in a three-dimensional spheroid model of breast cancer and compared this activity with known chemotherapeutics. [II] peptide treated spheroids displayed superior DAMP release and dendritic cell activation.
Successful stimulation of ICD and DAMP release is a fundamental and challenging strategy to induce robust antigen-specific immune response. [II] peptide aggregation is a controllable tool that can be used as an adjuvant in vaccination strategies as well as a treatment modality against cancer
Culturally responsive teaching in one urban school district: a needs assessment
Get PDFThere exists a pattern of underperformance in minority children in urban school districts across this country. Nationally, minority students—especially African American students—score lower on standardized assessments than non-minority peers (NCES, 2020). Ladson-Billings (1995a), Gay (2000), and Villegas and Lucas (2002) contribute seminal research and provide a foundation for using culturally responsive instructional practices as a method for producing high academically performing African American students. In general, teachers have not been expected to teach in culturally responsive ways for minority students, nor have they been adequately trained in the ability to create and incorporate pedagogical practices that have relevance and meaning to students’ social and cultural realities (Howard, 2003). Bandura (1997) posits that if teachers possess self-efficacy in their teaching practices, they can meet the needs of students. This dissertation examines the perceived overall level of Culturally Responsive Teaching Self-Efficacy among teachers regarding curriculum and instruction, classroom management, student assessment, and cultural enrichment in the target school district.
This study utilizes Siwatu’s (2007) Culturally Responsive Teaching Self Efficacy (CRTSE) tool to survey pre-kindergarten through grade 12 teachers in 2018 and 2021, in a predominately African American small midwestern school district, servicing 1,100 students. The CRTSE was originally utilized to help gauge teachers' pre-service dispositions towards their ability to utilize Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT), which is defined herein as the reflection on and consideration of the relationship between culture and learning (Siwatu, 2007). Utilizing CRT, teachers acknowledge student differences and incorporate those varied experiences that individual cultures create to fashion environments and pedagogy for all learners while emphasizing self-advocacy. Culturally Responsive Teaching has become increasingly important as the demographics of our public schools are increasingly shifting. In 1999, the teacher population was 84% white and today, it has changed to 79%, which guarantees that most children in public schools will be taught by a teacher that does not identify as an ethnic minority (NCES, 2020). An analysis of the CRTSE data revealed that teachers in both data sets (41 and 47 teachers respectively) rated themselves as low in strategies socio-cultural in nature. The results of this needs assessment will be used to inform implications for future practice for this midwestern school district