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Drumming Up Wealth
No full textThis exhibit and catalog were produced by the Max Chambers Library, Archives & Special Collections. The exhibition featured items and materials from the A. A. (Jack) Drummond Collection.N
Identity and institutional work in the metaverse
No full textMetaverse platforms, complemented by virtual reality (VR) technology, are rapidly emerging as a new and captivating phenomenon, attracting a range of individuals to this uncharted domain. To gain a deeper understanding of the metaverse platforms, I examine it from both individual and institutional perspectives. At the individual level, self-presentation poses a continuous challenge, as it influences how others perceive and accept us in social contexts. Platforms like social media and virtual worlds offer opportunities for self-presentation through user profiles and avatars. However, the expanding digital technologies underpinning evolving metaverse platforms introduce new options and uncertainties in self-presentations. Alongside platform features, VR capabilities and user-created worlds contribute to the complex landscape of self-presentation, leading to uncertainties for both individuals presenting themselves and those observing them. This research investigates the nature of layered affordances for self-presentation in metaverse platforms and explores how individuals navigate these uncertainties through identity work. By utilizing a netnography of the VRChat platform, we gain insights into the risks associated with self-presentation and the subsequent formation of identity in dynamic metaverse platforms. At the institutional level, a persistent challenge for information systems researchers is promoting the adoption of technological innovations that rely on the adoption and usage of others, known as network externalities. Previous studies have linked the adoption of network innovations to existing adopter networks or influenced networks through incentives. However, diffusion of network innovations becomes particularly challenging in the absence of existing networks and financial incentives. One such network innovation is the Metaverse Church. Using an institutional work perspective, we investigate the practices associated with building a diverse actor network to facilitate the diffusion of this network innovation. By conducting an immersive, netnographic study in metaverse platforms, we identify five practices that contribute to forming an actor network for the diffusion of network innovations: conscripting a non-human actant as foe and envisioning the metaverse as inevitable for projective agency, practicing socio-technical inclusiveness for managing exigencies, and building community and fostering generosity for developing habits. While this investigation centers around the Metaverse Church, the findings have broader implications for researchers studying various types of network innovations
Differential Effects of Informing and Framing on Beneficence in Do-Not-Resuscitate Order (DNR)
Get PDFEmpirical comparisons based on ethical standards have been neglected in end-of-life decision making research. I have compared two persuasion techniques (i.e., informing and framing) on whether they protect or promote beneficence. Experiment 1a (N = 225) suggested that people understand and feel about different DNR terminologies (CPR, AND & DNR) differently. Experiment 1b (N = 281) showed similar results to Experiment 1a and further suggested people different terminologies also affect people’s DNR preference. Experiment 1c (N = 415) suggested that informing predicted higher DNR preference and lower CPR preference while positive frame predicted higher CPR preference. Experiment 2 (N = 381) showed that informing protected beneficence in both CPR and DNR preference decisions context while framing (both positive and negative frames) also protected beneficence in CPR preference decision. Overall, the findings of this thesis suggest that different decision aid interventions could be compared based on ethical standards and that both informing and framing can protect beneficence in end-of-life decision making context
Diagnosis of Severe Wind Processes in Two Nocturnal MCSs Observed during PECAN
Get PDFSevere wind processes in nocturnal mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are not well understood since historically it has been assumed that these systems are elevated due to a stable surface layer. However, recent studies utilizing data from the Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field project have shown that nocturnal MCSs behave like their afternoon counterparts once a surface-based cold pool is established. Many processes producing severe surface winds in MCSs have been observed and modeled such as mesovortices, microbursts, and the descent of the rear inflow jet. To further investigate these processes, two MCSs from the PECAN field project were selected for analysis due to their different evolution to cover a broad range of severe wind processes: the 25-26 June 2015 Kansas MCS and the 5-6 July 2015 South Dakota MCS. One radar analysis documented severe wind will be shown for the 25-26 June MCS. All other results will be presented from WRF simulations with three nested grids utilizing a vertically-integrated ice data assimilation scheme which produced simulated reflectivity that best resembled the observed reflectivity during the severe phases of the MCSs.
To investigate severe wind processes, backwards trajectories were calculated using WRF output from the inner-most nest with 333-m grid spacing every 5 seconds. This WRF output was first run through a pressure decomposition code to compute the pressure perturbation contribution from buoyancy pressure (pb) and both the linear and nonlinear dynamic pressure (pd). This allowed for gradients in the horizontal and vertical to be calculated along the trajectories for acceleration from pb and pd. Other variables analyzed along the trajectories include convective momentum transport (CMT), diabatic temperature tendency, vorticity, thermal buoyancy, and typical WRF output variables. Selected trajectories were analyzed every 30 minutes for both cases to cover three categories: sub-severe winds (20-26 m s-1), severe winds (> 26 m s-1), and significant severe winds (> 33.5 m s-1). While most of the typical WRF output variables were unable to discern between the three categories, the integrated acceleration from the horizontal buoyancy and dynamic forcing showed that within the last 5 and/or 2 minutes of the trajectory the increase in wind speed due to the dynamic forcing became larger than impacts from buoyancy. Over the entire trajectory time period, buoyancy forcing is the largest forcing term and explains increases in horizontal and vertical wind speed. This suggests that while all surface-based MCSs with an established cold pool will have buoyancy contributing the most to the wind speed, an extra contribution from some dynamic process is necessary for those winds to exceed the severe or significant threshold. For a more strongly forced system such as the 5-6 July MCS, the enhanced dynamic push came from leading line mesovortices. For a more marginal MCS such as the 25-26 June MCS, an updraft/downdraft couplet associated with horizontal vorticity would enhance the horizontal acceleration
The Seasonality of Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) Teleconnections
Get PDFThe Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a tropical intraseasonal phenomenon that is known to generate teleconnections like the Pacific North American and the North Atlantic Oscillation patterns in boreal winter, but knowledge about MJO teleconnections is limited during other seasons. Therefore, to advance the prediction skill of the extratropics on the subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) using the MJO as a predictor, it is important to better understand the seasonal relationship between the MJO and its teleconnections. To improve the S2S predictions during all seasons, this research demonstrates the strong seasonal variability of MJO teleconnections and investigates the causes of this seasonality using reanalysis and satellite data. We find that the MJO is tied to different leading modes of extratropical circulation that vary seasonally. While the MJO is strongly tied to some leading modes of the extratropics in winter, the MJO has weak relationships to the extratropical leading modes in other seasons, limiting the usability of the MJO as an S2S prediction tool. This seasonal variability in the strength and location of MJO teleconnection was found to be strongly related to the Rossby Wave Source (RWS) generated by the MJO. The generation of the RWS is determined by the seasonal location of the subtropical jet along with the strength and phase of the MJO. While the seasonal background state is often thought to play an important role, this work finds that the seasonal state of the MJO has a greater impact on determining the observed seasonal RWS patterns. This study offers an understanding that our current knowledge of MJO teleconnections during boreal winter would have limitations if applied to the other seasons and should be modified. Our current research indicates that the usability of the MJO as an S2S prediction tool in other seasons may depend on finding "windows of opportunities" that strengthen the ability of the MJO to form teleconnection patterns, such as other sources of interannual variability
Effects of lower troposphere vertical mixing on simulated clouds and precipitation over the Amazon during the wet season
Get PDFPlanetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes parameterize unresolved turbulent mixing within the PBL and free troposphere (FT). Previous studies reported that precipitation simulation over the Amazon in South America is quite sensitive to PBL schemes and the exact relationship between the turbulent mixing and precipitation processes is, however, not disentangled. In this study, regional climate simulations over the Amazon in January-February 2019 are examined at process level to understand the precipitation sensitivity to PBL scheme. The focus is on two PBL schemes, the Yonsei University (YSU) scheme, and the asymmetric convective model v2 (ACM2) scheme, which show the largest difference in the simulated precipitation. During daytime, while the FT clouds simulated by YSU dissipate, clouds simulated by ACM2 maintain because of enhanced moisture supply due to the enhanced vertical moisture relay transport process: 1) vertical mixing within PBL transports surface moisture to the PBL top, and 2) FT mixing feeds the moisture into the FT cloud deck. Due to the thick cloud deck over Amazon simulated by ACM2, surface radiative heating is reduced and consequently the convective available potential energy (CAPE) is reduced. As a result, precipitation is weaker from ACM2. Two key parameters dictating the vertical mixing are identified, p, an exponent determining boundary layer mixing and λ, a scale dictating FT mixing. Sensitivity simulations with altered p, λ, and other treatments within YSU and ACM2 confirm the precipitation sensitivity. The FT mixing in the presence of clouds appears most critical to explain the sensitivity between YSU and ACM2.This work was primarily supported by grant no. 20163646499 from the Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa (UNSA) of Peru through the IREES/LASI Global Change and Human Health Institute. The first author is partially supported by the National Mesonet Program grant #10558200 and DOE ASR project (DE-SC0021159). Ming Xue was also supported by NSF grants AGS-1917701.YesAn edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Published 2023, American Geophysical Union. Preprint available at https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.167458066.61800879/v
A Place for Us to Sit: Making and Remembering Visual and Material Histories of Deshkan Ziibiing
Get PDFA Place for Us to Sit: Making and Remembering Visual and Material Histories of Deshkan Ziibiing tracks the journey that I undertook to locate ancestral belongings and to learn the stories and practices of making that are unique to the Anishinaabeg of Deshkan Ziibiing (Chippewas of the Thames First Nation)¬¬¬¬a First Nation community located in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Through visits to museum collections and archives, this dissertation traces a journey of reconnecting with Deshkan Ziibiing material culture, which I refer to as gete-anishinaabeg, the old ones. This process is further enriched by oral histories that identify how colonialism has impacted Deshkan Ziibiing makers and how the community is and has been reclaiming practices of making.
This dissertation was inspired by a collection of gete-anishinaabeg that now resides at the American Museum of Natural History. The collection, acquired by American Anthropologist Mark Raymond Harrington in 1907, raises critical questions for me as someone who has grown up not knowing, seeing, and engaging with the arts of my ancestors—furthering the desire to learn about what was happening in the lives of Deshkan Ziibiing families before and after Harrington’s collecting expedition. Through the recovery and re-engagement with the things our ancestors left behind, I resituate gete-anishinaabeg in a continuum of making practices that embody Anishinaabe futurity. Grounded in Indigenous methodologies such as Biskaabiiyang, Storywork, Felt Theory, and Native Feminist Analysis this dissertation reveals complex layers of interconnected histories and adds to the emerging discourse of art histories that are specific to Indigenous communities and place. This work builds upon decolonizing praxis as theorized by Michelle M. Jacob (Yakama) and fosters a process of reconnecting Indigenous minds and bodies to the things our ancestors made, the experiences they felt, and the knowledge they created