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Prevalance: Bovine mastitis and its predisposing factors in and around Holeta Town, Oromia, Ethiopia
No full textThe dairy sector is threatened by mastitis, the most prominent and complicated infectious illness in the world for dairy cows. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of mastitis and potential predisposing factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2016 to April 2017 in and around Holeta town. A total of 316 lactating cows were purposefully selected and diagnosed for mastitis by physical examination and using the California mastitis test. The total prevalence of mastitis at the cow level was 74.05% (95% CI = 0.69-0.79). At the cow level, the prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was 18.35% and 55.7%, respectively, whilst at the quarter level, it was 9.26% and 35%. Of the 1264 quarters inspected, 47 (3.72%), which correspond to 39 (12.34%), were discovered to be blind teats, while the other 1217 (96.28%) were found to be in use. The intrinsic factors significantly related (p 0.05) with the presence of mastitis in the multivariable logistic regression model were breed (AOR = 0.003, CI = 0.0003-0.335, in local cows (AOR = 0.003, CI = 0.0003-0.335, p = 0.000), age, in adult cows (AOR = 16, CI = 3.072-83.293, p = 0.001) and in old cows (AOR = 20, CI = 1.031-388.39, p = 0.048) and stage of lactation, in mid-lactation stage (AOR = 0.08, CI = 0.028-0.211, p = 0.000) and in late lactation (AOR = 0.1, CI = 0.033-0.288, p = 0.000). Semintensive management system (AOR = 16.85, CI = 5.484-51.824, p = 0.000) and extensive management system (AOR = 0.14, CI = 0.059-0.320, p = 0.000), milking hygiene (AOR = 9.43, CI = 3.443-25.805, p = 0.000), and previous mastitis exposure (AOR = 2.7, CI = 1.036-7.022, p = 0.042). This study revealed that subclinical mastitis had a high prevalence rate relative to clinical mastitis. This reveals that the disease lacks strategic preventative and control measures and that mastitis is economically significant in the studied area. According to this study, in order to reduce the economic loss of dairy farms, there should be stringent hygienic milking practices and a consistently sanitary conditions of the farms. Additionally, it would be helpful to promote awareness about routinely checking for subclinical mastitis and culling old and very often infected cows.</p
Chaos, resistant and pseudoresistant hypertension “Thousands of butterflies in the BP control system”
No full textIn Cardiology, we classify hypertensive patients as resistant to treatment, pseudo-resistant, or hyperreactivity subjects, including the WCH (white-coat or masked hypertension). Compliance is another cause of failure in antihypertensive therapy. Hypertension is a complex clinical syndrome and many variables that interfere in BP depend on “The Theory of Chaos” and are not considered. We do not know how many variations the Chaos on BP levels can be. Still, as we have around 30% of “uncontrolled” patients, the Chaos and effects on BP regulation as taking part in this high rates of “uncontrolled” subjects. Chaos is a complicated issue to study, but multi-professional efforts must keep the attention to this relevant “cause” of hypertension. Finally, Chaos theory is well known and accepted in Maths, Economy, Philosophy, Meteorology, Ecology, and other areas of knowledge, but not in the Health area. Crescent attention to Chaos may help better understand some mechanisms and clinical expression of Chaos in pseudo-resistant hypertension and correlated hypertensive syndromes.</p
Evaluation of effects of Forsus Fatigue Resistance device in correction of class II division 1 malocclusion in adolescent patient: A case report
No full textIntroduction: Class II malocclusion is one of the most prevalent malocclusions. The Class II malocclusions are caused due to forwardly placed maxilla, the backward position of the mandible, or a combination of both these factors. This disparity in skeletal base growth and position can be corrected during growth spurts using functional and fixed functional appliances.Description: An adolescent boy with Class II division 1 malocclusion, retrusive mandible, and increased overjet was treated with a pre-adjusted edgewise appliance (0.022-slot Gemini 3M -MBT prescription) along with a fixed functional appliance, Forsus TM Fatigue Resistant Device. The Skeletal age of the patient assessment using Hand wrist radiograph and CVM showed a major part of the adolescent growth spurt to be completed. Pre-treatment and post-functional cephalograms were traced and superimposed to compare changes in the skeletal base and dental structures.Result: The Class II molar and canine relationships were corrected to class I and the mandible showed forward positioning leading to correction for the skeletal base to class I. The facial profile showed marked improvement to an orthognathic pleasing profile.Conclusion: The purpose of this case report is to emphasize on use of fixed functional appliances in the treatment of adolescents with skeletal base discrepancies like Class II division 1 malocclusion. Intervention with fixed functional appliances at the appropriate skeletal age can prevent the need for extractions or other surgical procedures that may be needed to correct the malocclusion.</p
A teenager with life-threatening abdominal pain
No full textA previously healthy 17-year-old boy was admitted to our emergency department for fever, pharyngitis with cervical lymphadenopathy, abdominal pain, and vomiting for three days. On admission, he was afebrile and his vital signs were normal. Yet, following another vomiting episode, he developed another bout of abdominal pain. C-reactive protein was normal, haemoglobin 14.1 g/dl, WBC 15 x 103/µL, platelets 138 x 103/µL, AST 522 U/L, ALT 341 U/L, total bilirubin 4.75 mg/dl, with direct bilirubin 3.4 mg/dl; LDH level 689 U/L. </p
A rare form of complex cardiac anomaly
No full textCongenital corrected Transposition Of Great Arteries (TGA) is one of the rarest complex cardiac anomalies, comprising 1% of Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) and 20% of cases of fetal TGA [1,2]. It is characterized by an atrioventricular discordance with a concurrent ventricular-arterial discordance. Its features include the aorta, which arises from the left-sided morphologic right ventricle, anterior and left of the pulmonary artery. </p
A lower limb BOLD-MRI tissue perfusion protocol correlate to clinical disease stage, objective functional limitations, and health-related quality of life in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease
No full textWhile peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD) by large is a clinical diagnosis, further characterization of the ischemic state, procedural planning, and longitudinal follow-up after revascularisation are mainly based on imaging that delineates the arterial vasculature. Although several potential techniques have been suggested [1], there is still no clearly established imaging technique that directly quantifies the crucial PAOD pathophysiological process-tissue perfusion in the lower limb. </p
New therapy option: Maisonneuve fracture without transsyndesmotic fixation
No full textAnkle fracture is one of the common injuries in the orthopedic department, the Maisonneuve fracture is a specific type of ankle injury. This fracture is usually caused by rotational force. According to the Lauge -Hansen classification, it is a pronation and external rotation type injury, often resulting in inferior tibiofibular injury. Because it is extremely unstable, it is usually treated surgically.Operative treatment includes medial malleolus fixation, reduction of the inferior tibiofibular joint and screw fixation. When the fibula fractured is without shortening or dislocation, it is still controversial if the inferior tibiofibular joint needs fixation. This study aims to introduce a new method-Maisonneuve without transsyndesmotic fixation and analysis the follow-up result. </p
Aflatoxin contamination in dairy feed during wet and dry seasons in selected rural areas of Sidama zone in Southern Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study was conducted in the southern region of Ethiopia. The objectives were to assess the occurrence and level of aflatoxin B1 contamination in dairy cow feeds. The analytical technique used was Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze +the season and location interaction effect. Laboratory analysis showed that 81.2% of the feed samples had a detectable level of AFB1 within the range of 0.067-29.69 µg/kg and with an average of 7.91±5.83 µg/kg. From the positive samples, 52.5 and 4.58% of the feed sample were above EU (5 µg/kg) and USA (20 µg/kg) limits for dairy cattle feed respectively. Average AFB1 concentration during the dry season (8.74± 5.6 µg/kg) is significantly higher (P<0.05) than wet season (7.02± 5.86 µg/kg). This result implies that sustainable good practices should be maintained for all feed harvesting, storage, and feeding practices by feed producers and dairy farmers regarding aflatoxin contamination.</p
Microbial quality and handling practices of raw cow milk in North Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
No full textBackground: Milk is universally accepted as a complete diet that plays a key role to ensure food security. However, the quality of raw cow milk is affected at various stages due to inadequate dairy infrastructure and limited knowledge of hygienic handling practices. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate the microbial quality of raw cow milk and handling practices in the North Shewa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.Methodology: Purposive sampling was used to select study districts and participants based on the available dairy production potential, milk market, and collection center. Four hundred participants were selected; 50 raw cow milk samples were collected from households and collection spots in study areas.Results: Microbial analysis indicated that the mean values of total cell counts were higher in households (4.836±0.206 in log10 CFU/ml) than 4.391±0.15 at collection spots. Similarly, the mean values of Staphylococcus aurous were 2.470±0.038 at the household level and 2.249±0.093 at collection spots. The mean values of E.coli, yeast count and mould count were however, higher at collection spots (5.414±0.100, 3.372±0.091, 2.670±0.037) than household level (3.343±0.122, 2.944±0.074, 2.479±0.039), respectively.Conclusions: The higher total counts and mean values of microbial loads of economic and public health significance; like Staphylococcus aurous and E. coli at household level and collection spots indicated poor hygienic raw cow milk handling practices. Therefore, awareness should be created among the dairy cattle producers and milk collectors to minimize economic losses through milk spoilage with soil microbes and the risk of consumer safety due to zoonotic pathogens. </p
Review on comparative genome mapping in crop improvement
Get PDFComparative genomics is the study of the similarities and differences in the structure and function of hereditary information across taxa. The objective of this study was to highlight the role of comparative mapping in crop improvement. Hence, the study encompasses comparative genomics over the past two decades, multiple investigations of many additional taxa have delivered two broad messages: multiple investigations of many additional taxa have delivered two broad messages: In most plants, the evolution of the small but essential portion of the genome that actually encodes the organism’s genes has proceeded relatively slowly; as a result, taxa that have been reproductively isolated for millions of years have retained recognizable intragenic DNA sequences as well as similar arrangements of genes along the chromosomes. A wide range of factors, such as ancient chromosomal or segmental duplications, mobility of DNA sequences, gene deletion, and localized rearrangements, has been superimposed on the relatively slow tempo of chromosomal evolution. Comparative genomics is the study of the similarities and differences in the structure and function of hereditary information across taxa. The objective of this study was to highlight the role of comparative mapping in crop improvement. Hence, the study encompasses comparative genomics over the past two decades, multiple investigations of many additional taxa have delivered two broad messages: multiple investigations of many additional taxa have delivered two broad messages: In most plants, the evolution of the small but essential portion of the genome that actually encodes the organism’s genes has proceeded relatively slowly; as a result, taxa that have been reproductively isolated for millions of years have retained recognizable intragenic DNA sequences as well as similar arrangements of genes along the chromosomes. A wide range of factors, such as ancient chromosomal or segmental duplications, mobility of DNA sequences, gene deletion, and localized rearrangements, has been superimposed on the relatively slow tempo of chromosomal evolution.</p