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Review on poultry production, processing, and Utilization in Ethiopia
Get PDFThe Ethiopian poultry population (chicken) is projected to be around 56.06 million, with indigenous, hybrid, and foreign breeds accounting for 88.19 percent, 6.45 percent, and 5.36 percent of the total poultry, respectively. Ethiopian poultry farming methods are typically low-productivity subsistence systems. This paper will now collect data on chicken kinds used for meat and egg production, as well as their use, difficulties, and potential in Ethiopian poultry productivity. It also discusses Ethiopian poultry production methods, their contributions, and challenges such as feed shortages, predators, disease, veterinary service, health management, marketing, genetic quality (breed), and Extension service issues. However, information covers both the past and the present; production options include training and extension services, veterinary services, market access, financial services, and the requirement for limited space and inputs. As a result, certain actions must be taken immediately to alleviate these limits and boost the poultry’s production potential.</p
Membrane-assisted reactor for the direct conversion of CO2 to DME/MeOH
Get PDFSeveral strategies are currently underway to investigate alternative routes to efficiently use CO2 as a carbon source for the production of alternative fuels for energy end transportation [1,2].</p
Zygomatic complex fractures in a Nigerian tertiary hospital: An update on the pattern of presentation and care
No full textAim: The Zygomatic complex [ZMC], being one of the most commonly fractured bones in the facial skeleton, is largely underreported in the literature. This study was designed to evaluate the pattern of fractures, symptomatology, and treatment modalities at our institution. Materials and methods: Information on patients’ sociodemographics, the pattern of fractures, symptomatology, radiologic diagnosis, and treatment modalities were accessed from patients’ records on our trauma register. Data collected was analyzed with SPSS 20 and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05.Results: A total of 105 patients aged 19-66 years had ZMC fractures during the study period. A male preponderance was observed [M: F = 3.8:1] and road traffic crashes [RTC] accounted for the majority of fractures [79.0%]. There was a statistically significant relationship between RTC and fractures among the age groups [X2 = 33.61, df = 5, p = 0.001]. Fractures at the zygomatico-frontal [ZF] and in combination with zygomaticomaxillary [ZM] sutures were the commonest finding on imaging [39.1% % 28.6% respectively]. Subconjunctival and circumorbital ecchymosis [92.4% and 91.4% respectively] were the commonest symptomatology. Eighty four patients (80 %) were managed via surgical intervention and the most commonly employed surgical modality was mini plates [1.0mm] fixation across either ZF [n = 33, 39.3%] or ZM [n = 21, 25.0%] suture lines.Conclusion: This study revealed that RTC remains a major aetiology of ZMC fractures and mini plate ostheosynthesis was the mainstay of surgical management. Enforcement of road safety regulations on speed and the use of protective measures by road users is imperative.</p
The integration of farmer participation approaches in cotton variety development for efficient selection, adoption, and production of new cotton varieties in Zimbabwe
Get PDFThe success of any breeding program rests upon the active involvement and participation of key stakeholders or technology recipients. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a versatile crop that is grown in most parts of the world, hence the need to involve different players in the process. Zimbabwe’s national variety development program includes a “Client-oriented” research approach called “Participatory Variety Selection” (PVS) in the process. The process that involved the evaluation of different advanced cotton genotypes by farmers in different cotton growing areas included five advanced genotypes and one commercial variety popularly grown by farmers. These were grown in a Mother-Baby Trial arrangement. Through the integration of farmers’ and researchers’ selection criteria, the study sought to enhance the identification and selection of best-performing cotton genotypes under diverse growing conditions. The study established that farmers’ preferred cotton attributes included large bolls (> 5g), uniform boll split (to avoid many picks), short interboll distance (many bolls per fruiting branch), uniform short height (1.0-1.2m), more bolls per plant (>30) and low pest damage (bollworms and Jassid). Through the use of these attributes, the farmers identified SN-96-5, 830-01-3, and 645-98-11 as their best performing genotypes through voting and Focus Group Discussions that were conducted where they recorded 206 votes, 130 votes, and 129 votes respectively. Total Seed Cotton Yield data from the farmer-managed plots (Baby Trial) and Researcher-managed (Mother Trial) were recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. The study results which revealed significant differences in the genotypic, environmental variance, and interaction (Table 5) (P<0.04, P<0.001, and P<0.035 respectively) identified genotype SN-96-5 as the best performing genotype. AMMI and GGE biplots also indicated that SN-96-5 was the most ideal, high-yielding, and fairly stable genotype. Therefore, SN-96-5 is recommended for release and commercial production in Zimbabwe.</p
Ecological Risk of the River Halda: A Perspective from Heavy Metal Assessment
No full textTo evaluate the present status of heavy metals in the sediments of river Halda, seven heavy metals, viz. Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn were assessed by Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute by collecting data from 4 sampling locations (Khondokia Khal, Katakhali, Madari Khal, and Madarsha) and ecological risk impending from these metals were depicted from the study. The concentration of heavy metals in the sediments of the river Halda ranged from 0.89-1.04 for Cd, 24.72–67.30 for Cr, 1.16-7.58 for Cu, 27899.31-60076.37 for Fe, 476.12–1137.20 for Mn, 0.77-8.33 for Pb and 40.33–121.77 mg kg−1 for Zn, respectively. The sediment geo-accumulation index (Igeo) values showed contamination only from two heavy metals Cd (1.10 ± 0.16) and Mn (1.48 ± 0.37). The average pollution load index (PLI) (0.37 ± 0.10) showed no marks of pollution in the studied sites, however; the mean degree of contamination factor (CF) showed moderate pollution. In the present study, the highest degree of contamination was observed at Katakhali (3.79 ± 2.07) followed by three other sites. The overall degree of contamination of four sampling sites was 2.68 ± 1.84 which indicated a low degree of contamination. The concentration of Cr ranged between 24.72–67.30 mg/kg with the highest (56.7 ± 9.4, mg/kg) at Madarshah and the lowest (30.2 ± 5.1, mg/kg) at Khondokia Khal. The highest concentration of Fe, Mn, and Zn (53926.3 ± 5338.2, 980.9 ± 145.1, and 108.0 ± 13.5 mg/kg) exhibited similar results to Cu and Pb; the maximum levels were found at Madarshah and the minimum levels (33571.1 ± 5456.0, 566.7 ± 92.8 and 56.0 ± 17.9 mg/kg) at Khondokia Khal, respectively. The enrichment factor (EF) (0.08 ± 0.02 to 4.16 ± 0) demonstrated none to moderate enrichment of the river. Nevertheless, the ecological risk factor (Eir) (17.83 ± 14.29 to 759.14 ± 192.26) and risk index (RI) (711.26 ± 122.55 to 1272.04 ± 175.19) exposed low to serious ecological risk for the river Halda. </p
Cantaloupe -A Food safety concern: Mini-Review
Get PDFHistorically, the United States has positioned itself as one of the leading producers and consumers of melons in the world with a 2020 production value of over $295 million (excluding watermelons). It has been estimated that on average the per capita consumption of melons in the U.S. is about 24 pounds each year [1]. </p
Epidemiological characteristics of patients diagnosed with dengue from 2015 to 2020 in Celaya, Guanajuato, México
No full textDengue is a viral disease transmitted by arthropods. It is caused by four Ribonucleic Acids (RNA) flavivirus serotypes (dengue virus [DENV] -1, -2, -3, and -4) which are transmitted by blood-feeding mosquitoes, primarily the Aedes aegypti mosquito. The infection causes flu-like symptoms and sometimes progresses to death.</p
Seroprevalence and its associated risk factors of Bovine Neosporosis and Bovine Viral Diarrhea in cattle of Tilottama municipality, Rupandehi, Nepal
No full textBackground: Bovine Neosporosis (BN) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) are economically significant livestock disease that causes reproductive and respiratory problems in cattle and buffalo caused by protozoan parasite Neospora caninum and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) respectively. The burden of production and economic loss due to infectious reproductive diseases are still unknown in the various location of Nepal. Objectives: To overview the prevalence of bovine neosporosis and bovine viral diarrhea infection in a commercially important livestock herd from Tilottama Municipality, Rupandehi, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional purposive study was conducted through a questionnaire survey to collect demographic and farm characteristics information. In total 92 serum samples from jugular veins were collected from a different herd of Tilottama Municipality of Rupandehi, Nepal. The antibody against BVDV was tested using the competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA). Results: The individual animal-wise apparent prevalence was 9.78% with a true prevalence of 9.70% (5.09 - 17.57) and 3.26% with a true prevalence of 3.10%; CI (0.93 - 9.06) for BN and BVD respectively. The risk factor history of abortion was associated significantly with BN and BVD seropositivity (p < 0.05). Animals in the mixed farming system and contact with dogs were associated significantly with the occurrence of bovine viral diarrhea and bovine neosporosis respectively at (p < 0.05). Conclusion and recommendation: The stuy indicated the circulation of Neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhea in dairy herds of the study area. It is suggested that the stakeholders in the study area should be sensitized to the impact of Neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in dairy herds and include both diseases in the regional and national surveillance system.</p
Impact of Toxoplasmosis on domestic animal production and its significance in the risk of human infection in China
No full textToxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous zoonotic food-borne parasite [1]. Nearly one-third of the world’s population has been exposed to the parasite, with prevalence ranging from ~10% to 50% depending on the geographical area. Human infection is usually asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals and may remain for life, but in immunocompromised persons, the infection might be fatal [2].</p
Profiling ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in sinonasal mucosa
No full textRhinologists may be one of the highest-risk subspecialties in otolaryngology for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 as the sinonasal passage seems to be a reservoir for the virus. Previous data indicate nasal epithelial cells express the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2). However, no data exist profiling the regional expression of ACE2 or the expression of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), an additional protease necessary for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, within the sinonasal cavity. We sought to assess for anatomic expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 throughout the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. We hypothesize that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed throughout the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. To test this hypothesis, we sampled various regions of the sinonasal cavity from patients undergoing rhinology procedures and used immunohistochemical staining to profile ACE2, compare ACE2 expression between regions, and compare ACE2 expression between patients and patient characteristics.We found ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are present throughout the sinonasal cavity without a regional pattern among anatomic regions in our patients. We found no statistically significant correlation in ACE2 expression with patient characteristics such as age, sex, or BMI. We also did not find a statistically significant correlation between ACE2 and TMPRSS2 quantitative expression. ACE2 expression trended higher in males compared to females for six out of seven regions excluding the nasal floor. In conclusion, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed ubiquitously throughout the sinonasal cavity. ACE2 expression may be higher in the sinonasal cavity in males compared to females. These data implicate that SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to discriminate between anatomic regions as a point of entry and that anatomic regions likely are similar in viral load. Thus, all rhinology and skull base surgeries, independent of encounter of the anatomic region in the sinonasal cavity, predicate screening for SARS-CoV-2, and necessary personal protective equipment. </p