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The History of Anatomy, its importance and new trends in the teaching/learning process
No full textAnatomy, in its broadest concept, is the science that studies the development and constitution of living beings. The study of human anatomy becomes mandatory for all courses in the Health Area since its understanding is fundamental for understanding the physiology and pathological processes that affect the human being. Some strategies such as Youtube videos, digital tables such as Anatomage, synthetic pieces and body painting were created to facilitate and socialize access to such information. The main objective of this short communication was to integrate the knowledge obtained through the survey of the History of Anatomy with the current trends of new teaching methodologies, which can help in learning but cannot replace the use of natural parts such as corpses.</p
Estimation of enteric methane emission factor in cattle species in Ethiopia using IPCC tier 2 methodology
No full textAims: The livestock production system contributes to global climate change directly through the production of methane (CH4) from enteric fermentation, CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) from manure management. Enteric CH4 emission from livestock is the major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from livestock in Ethiopia. National inventory and reporting of enteric CH4 emission in cattle species in Ethiopia are based on default emission factor (tier 1 methodology) developed by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). These enteric CH4 emissions are influenced by different factors such as livestock feed characteristics, livestock management, and livestock production and productivity. Hence, its estimation requires accurate data specific to the condition of the livestock production system in the country. The objective of this study was to estimate enteric CH4 emission from cattle species in Ethiopia. Methodology: Enteric CH4 emission was estimated using IPCC tier 2 methods using input data collected through survey and literature data on livestock and feed characteristics in Ethiopia. Results: Results indicated that enteric CH4 emission factors among indigenous cattle were 30.27, 18.52, 31.55, 29.82, 32.48, and 12.60 kg per head per year for matured females >2 years old, females 1-2 years, bullocks/oxen, breeding bulls >2 years old, males 1-2 years and calves <1 year’s old, respectively. Among crossbred dairy cattle, enteric CH4 emission factors were found to be 36.21, 19.98, 27.90, 25.51, 5.45 kg per head per year for matured females >2 years, females 1-2 years, matured males >2 years, males 1-2 years and calves <1 year’s age, respectively. The weighted average CH4 emission factor for indigenous cattle and crossbred dairy cattle were 26 and 30.71kg/head/year, respectively. Conclusion: Enteric CH4 emission factors for nondairy indigenous and crossbred cattle using IPCC tier 2 methodology were lower when compared to IPCC tier 1 estimate. Our study recommends IPCC tier 2 methodology, for national enteric CH4 emission inventory and reporting for cattle species in Ethiopia. The present study was based on limited survey and published data, uncertainties may have presented with, some of production and performance data. Further research is required to estimate enteric CH4 emission using more detailed cattle production and feed characterization data.</p
A mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the right tibia in a young man requires disarticulation of the right knee: A case study
No full textChondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor occupying the 2nd position in terms of frequency, all ages combined, after osteosarcoma [1]. Epidemiological data extracted from cancer registries in Europe indicate an annual incidence of ~0.1/100,000 inhabitants [2].</p
Chondrosarcoma of the right iliopubic branch incidentally discovered: About a case
No full textChondrosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor after myeloma and osteosarcoma, ranking third. It may be in second place in terms of frequency after osteosarcoma if we consider myeloma as a tumor of bone marrow cells rather than a bone tumor because it is a hematopoietic derivation [1].</p
Participatory evaluation of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) varieties under farmers training center at Dodola District of West Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
No full textThe study was carried out in the Dodola district of West Arsi Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and farmers varieties preference of Linseed at Alantu kebele within the Farmers Training Center (FTC) demonstration plot of Dodola district of West Arsi Zone. Along with their management practices under the Farmers Training Center (FTC) field to enhance farmers’ knowledge and skill on Linseed production performance. The verities used to demonstrate were, improved Linseed varieties namely Kuma, Yadano, Bekoji-14, Kulumsa-1, Kassa-2, and Local check.According to the results, an average yield of 22qt/ha, 22.4 qt/ha 15.6 qt/ha, 19.2q/ha,13.2q/ha, and 9.2q/ha /was harvested from Kuma, Yadano, Bekoji-14, Kulumsa-1, Kassa-2, and Local check Varieties respectively. Yadano variety had a 143.5 %yield advantage over the local check and Kuma had a 139.1% yield advantage over the local check and the variety Kulumsa-1 had a negative 108.7%% yield advantage over the local check and variety Bekoji-14 had 69.6% over the local check and the variety Kassa-2 had 43.5% yield advantage over the local check. The result of the criteria set by the farmers themselves showed that the varieties Yadano, Kuma, Kulumsa-1, Bekoji-14, Kassa-2, and the Local check ranked 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th, and 6th respectively.Based on the result of farmers preference ranking and the yield advantages of the Linseed varieties the tested under FTC met the requirements for the recommendation, Therefore, the Authors conclude that the first three (3) varieties namely Yadano, Kuma, and Kulumsa-1 varieties were recommended for the study areas and other areas with similar agro-ecological conditions in the South eastern districts of West Arsi zone as the first, second and third Linseed varieties options respectively. Whereas the remaining 3 (three) varieties namely Bekoji14, and Kassa-2 including the local variety were not recommended due to low productivity in the study area.</p
21st Century challenges in animal production and food security, additional positive and negative impacts on human health and the environment
No full textMeat, milk and eggs are nutrient-rich products that could effectively boost nutrient-poor diets, either as part of the normal diet or if access is increased through enrichment with vitamins and minerals, among others. Scientific evidence on the role of livestock products in improving nutrition is limited, especially in low-and middle-income countries, during the first 1,000 days of a child's life. Beyond food production, the livestock sector has additional positive and negative impacts on human health, the environment, societies and economies that must be understood and managed.</p
Two examples of environmental problems from Chinese state planning
No full textWe present two recent and environmentally potentially catastrophic but otherwise politically decisive and perhaps even praiseworthy governmental actions of the Peoples Republic of China. One is China’s world-renowned Three Gorges Dam project. This is perhaps one of the world’s largest hydroelectric dams as yet and most certainly the daring and even audacious construction project. Sadly, it also defies the understanding of atmospheric circulation patterns. The other is the construction and use of atoll reefs to house military bases. This too is certainly a brilliantly conceived novel idea but its time has been unfortunately ushered perhaps a couple of million years too early. Both these are examples of the most brilliantly executed but otherwise ill-conceived notions that should not have been undertaken in the first place.</p
Nutritional characteristics and phenolic compounds of ripe fruit pulp from six accessions of Mammea americana L.
No full textMamey apple (Mammea americana) is a tropical fruit largely consumed and more and more coveted as it is a rich source of antioxidants. There is considerable interest in fruits phenolic compounds due to their different characteristics and particularly to their role in protection against cardiovascular diseases and cancers through their antioxidant activity.Nutritional characteristics were determined in six mamey apple fruit accessions: Sonson, Pavé 11, Lézarde, Ti Jacques, Escouët and Antonio. The pulps of the ripe fruits were analyzed for moisture, ash, total lipid, total protein, and carbohydrate contents. This study represents a detailed report of phenolic compounds in mamey apple pulp. The metabolite profiling associated with the antioxidant potential represents an important step to the bioactive molecules characterization. The results showed that the accessions studied contained three main classes of phenolic compounds: flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids and flavonols. Those phenolic compounds characterization was then carried out first using liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to Diode Array Detector (DAD). Finally, spectral characteristics and fragmentations were acquired by Mass Spectrometry (MS) using the Electrospray Ionization Interface (ESI). All the identified compounds are interesting metabolites known for their biological properties and nutritional benefits</p
Factors influencing value addition to cashew products processed in the South-East Zone, Nigeria: A multinomial logistic regression approach
No full textNigeria is a leading cashew producer, but this has not been reflected in the development of the downstream cashew value chain industry. The launch of the “Agriculture Promotion Policy (2016 – 2020)” document was designed to encourage value addition to export crops such as cashew as ways of creating jobs and wealth to value chain actors. However, it is still unclear why cashew processors are unable to exploit this opportunity to improve value addition to cashew. This makes it imperative that factors influencing value addition to cashew products in the South-East zone, Nigeria be analyzed. A cross-sectional survey design involving a structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 353 randomly selected respondents from the South-East zone, Nigeria. The study found that income, access to market, product characteristics, and cost of cashew processing technology significantly influence value addition to cashew products in the two models, whereas government policy on cashew processing and market facilities were significant in the second model. The relative risk ratios for age, educational level, income, processing experience, access to market, distance to market, government policy on cashew processing and market facilities were > 1, suggesting the likelihood of processor’s preferring to add value to cashew kernel, and both cashew products as against cashew nut for any unit increase in these variables. This study provided vital insights about how the relative significance of these factors will aid policy analysts and decision-makers to determine which of the factors to focus on while developing specific policies for the cashew value chain industry.</p
Only Biomedicines-Meals (BM) Act as the ‘Preventive-Immunity-Booster-Community-Vaccine (PIBCV)’ Against ‘Omicron’ Enriching Global-Public-Health Forestry-Agriculture-Environment-Biodiversity-Wildlife-Conservation-Medical-Research-Science-Technology-Commun
No full textIntroduction: The new-easily-fast-spreading-variant of SARS-CoV-2, B.1.1.529, is designated as a ‘Variant-of-Concern (VOC)’, the ‘Omicron’, now-suddenly-rise-of-more-transmissible-surprising-form, the “Sister”, causing detrimental-COVID-19 that impacts on public health, especially breakthrough severity-of-illness due-to-reinfections-or-infections in fully-vaccinated-people, causing more-severe-illness-or-death than other-variants also. And the COVID-scientists are trying the actual reasons regarding the quick speedy transmission of the variant, intensity, and ability to evade vaccines. So, it will require COVID-vaccine-booster-doses to tackle the ‘Omicron’ as early-as-possible, and the main objectives of the present study are to find out the most suitable ‘Preventive-Immunity-Booster-Community-Biomedicines-Vaccine (PIBCBV)’. Methods: The mixing of fresh weeds-vegetables-fruits-spices-(WVFS); amaranth-okra-cowpea-cucumber-ginger-turmeric-(AOCCGT)@(10g+25g+25g+35g+4g+1g=100g) respectively are prepared the 100g (a cup) of fresh-biomedicines-booster-meal-(BMBM)/ candidate (one-year to ninety-nine years-age-groups), taking-orally-in-different-forms @ twice-or-thrice/day (with any-kinds-of-nutritious-food) against naturally-occurring-coronavirus-2 infections-or-reinfections 45-days before COVID-19-infections, and in case-of-treatment, the dose may be increased depending on the intensity-of-diseases.Results: The present-Booster-Combination-(BC) of Weeds-Vegetables-Fruits-Spices-(WVFS), the Biomedicines-Booster-Meals-(BMBM) have revealed-again that Preventive-Booster-Community-Biomedicines (PBCBM), are very-much-effective in controlling-diseases-by-boosting-natural-immunity-against coronavirus-2 with no side effects among the student’s community. Conclusions: The Booster-Combination-(BC) of only-100g-Weeds-Vegetables-Fruits-Spices-(WVFS), the most cost-effective eco-friendly easily-manufacture-able easily-applicable easily-available, and side-effects-free ‘Biomedicines-Meals (BMM)’ not-only-serve as the ‘Natural-Gift’: “Potential-Preventive-Immunity-Booster-Community-Vaccine (PPIBCV) Against Omicron” enriching “Global-Public-Health-Forestry-Agriculture-Environment-Biodiversity-Wildlife-Conservation-Medical-Research-Science-Technology-Communication-Applications (GPHFAEBWCMRSTCA)” but also it acts-as-the “Nature’s-Gift to Human-Disease-Free-Global-Healthy-New-Normal-Life” OR fulfill the “Vaccine-Nationalism-to-Vaccine-Equity-and-Vaccine-Passport”. And in near future, it may be used mainly on “Public-Health-Epidemiology, Infectious-Diseases, and Pharmacology, Toxicology, Clinical-immunology, Clinical, and Bio-Medical-Education, and Pharmaceutical-Research also by developing different-forms-vaccines; ultra-high-diluted, steam-inhalation-therapy, etc., against ‘Omicron-Deltacron-Rupacrone-Bodhicrone-Radhacrone-Futuracrone- like any-‘Sister’-variant’ OR ‘Future-X-Disease’ which easily-prepare and distribute-enough-vaccines to immunize the world’s-population, and opening-a-path for the ‘Future-X-Epidemic also’ because-only-boosters-can-improve-immunity.</p