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Future perspectives in nanomaterials for environmental and medical applications
Get PDFNanoscale materials are unique materials with outstanding properties when compared to their bulk counterparts hence their exploration, fabrication and applications have gained remarkable attention in various fields of human endeavors such as environment, medicine, and engineering, amongst others. </p
Enhancing maize yield in Ethiopia a meta-analysis
Get PDFAccurate nitrogen (N) fertilization and optimum plant density increase crop yields. In this study, I report the effects of N fertilization rate and plant density on maize yield in a meta-analysis, by using observations from 15 studies conducted in Ethiopia since the 2000s for possible refinement of N fertilizer and plant density recommendations. I assessed the response of maize to different N rates ha−1 compared to the control using the yield response approach. Application of N fertilizer significantly increased maize yields by 31.5% - 65.9% compared to control. plant density increased maize yields by 42% - 72.4% compared to the control. The interaction effect of the N rate increased maize yields by 27.6% - 95.9%, with Plant density, 58.7% - 152% on loam soil, compared to control yield. The interaction effect of Plant density with soil type increased maize yields by 47% - 108% on loam soil. In conclusion, the grain yield of maize increased with increasing N rate and plant density up to the optimum. Therefore, it’s possible to recommend using a high N rate with both low and medium plant density (< 45,000 plants ha-1) and (45,000 to 65,000plants ha-1) to harvest high grain yield. </p
Nutritional Intervention with Bacillus subtilis strain PB6 in Early Days, enhances Performance without affecting Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens
No full textThe objective of the study was to evaluate the combinational effect of Bacillus subtilis strain PB6 along with vitamins (V), minerals (M), and amino acids (A) on performance, growth, and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens during the early days and compare with commercially available combinations of V+A, and M+A without probiotics. An in vivo trial was conducted for a period of 35 days with day 1 Cobb 430 broiler chicks, randomly allotted to one control and four treatment groups namely T1 (PB6+VMA-1 g/L), T2 (PB6+VMA-2 g/L), T3 (V+A-1 mL/L) and T4 (M+A-2 mL/L) using a completely randomized design. Each group had 7 replicates and 12 birds per replicate. The performance parameters such as body weight (BW), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were monitored throughout the trial. At the end of 7 days, BW was significantly higher for T2 (174.71 g) in comparison with T1 (173.99 g), T3 (174.41 g), T4 (173.39 g), and control (173.35 g, p < 0.05). However, no difference in FCR was observed (p > 0.05). Similarly, at the end of 35 days, T2 (1842.15 g) showed the highest BW compared to control (1818.36 g), T1 (1839.39 g), T3 (1833.20 g), and T4 (1816.73 g) and significantly least FCR (1.53, p < 0.05) in comparison with control (1.55), T1 (1.54), T3 (1.57) and T4 (1.56). At the end of 35 days, carcass characteristics such as carcass, breast meat, and organ yield were evaluated and no significant difference between the groups was observed (p > 0.05). The gut health of the birds was assessed by evaluating the dysbacteriosis and total mean lesion score at the end of 35 days and a score of less than one was observed for all the groups. Furthermore, return on investment (ROI) was analyzed and T1 showed an ROI of 2.21:1, followed by T2 which showed an ROI of 1.72:1, and no ROI was seen for T3 and T4. The results from this study suggest that supplementation of PB6 along with essential nutrients has a positive impact on the performance of broiler chickens, without affecting gut health and helps poultry producers for profitable farming.</p
Neurotoxicity caused by lead present in food and environment: A review
Get PDFA problem we are facing more and more often has caught our attention. Neurotoxicity is caused by lead contamination of the environment and food chain. The purpose of this review is to present the harmful effects of lead on human health. In the long term, lead accumulated in the body can cause cognitive, motor, and behavioral changes. According to recent studies, lead is a real danger for children because it affects the development of the nervous system even in small amounts. This review also focused on suggesting a powerful antioxidant, vitamin C in the diet. Studies have shown that it has a possible neuroprotective role, being kept in high concentrations in the brain.</p
Potential for silvopastoral systems to control nematode burden in livestock farming in winter rainfall areas of South Australia, Australia
No full textGastrointestinal nematode infections cause significant production losses in ruminants. In southern Australia, the estimated annual cost of internal parasites in sheep, cattle and goats are 82m and $2.54m, respectively. An over-reliance on anthelmintic treatments has resulted in anthelmintic resistance becoming an increasing concern for producers. Reducing the need for chemical anthelmintics is desirable to lower producer costs and limit the development of anthelmintic resistance. Condensed tannins found in many trees and forages are a plant secondary compound receiving considerable interest as an alternative anthelmintic strategy. Direct anthelmintic effects from condensed tannins are associated with the binding of larval proteins; slowing egg hatching, larval development and exsheathment. Indirect effects are associated with improvements to protein metabolism and immune function within the animal. Several native Australian tree extracts have demonstrated anthelmintic properties, but further research is required to assess their suitability for silvopastoral systems in South Australia.Lay SummaryGastrointestinal nematodes or ‘worms’, significantly lower both the physical well-being and economic profitability of livestock such as cattle, sheep and goats, in South Australia. There are concerns about parasite resistance with current chemical treatments and consumers are demanding chemical-free, sustainably produced food. Silvopastoral systems, where animals are grazed underneath or alongside trees, have many potential benefits to the animals and the environment. This review explores the potential effects of condensed tannins on worm burden and protein metabolism. Condensed tannins are found in the leaves of several types of plants, including trees and show considerable potential to reduce nematode burden in ruminant livestock by slowing parasite lifecycle, with a particular focus on egg and larval stages. Condensed tannins may also improve livestock protein metabolism or excretion. Several native Australian trees contain condensed tannins with the potential to reduce nematode burdens when used in silvopastoral systems.Teaser TextCondensed tannin ingestion by allowing access to tree forage in silvopastoral systems, has the potential to reduce gastrointestinal nematode burden in livestock by slowing the parasite lifecycle.</p
Histopathologically atypical astroblastoma with MN1-CXXC5 fusion transcript diagnosed by methylation classifier
No full textAdult astroblastoma is an exceedingly rare primary brain tumor. Previous reports have suggested various radiographic and histological features typical for these tumors, but the diagnosis can be challenging. We present a unique case of astroblastoma diagnosed after 13 years of treatment as a CNS embryonal neoplasm. Histologically, this tumor lacked previously identified astroblastic features such as pseudorosettes, trabeculated patterns, and hyalinized vessels. The tumor was synaptophysin positive which further confounded the diagnosis in this case. Methylation classification was performed with a high confidence match to a high-grade neuroepithelial neoplasm with a CXXC5-MN1 fusion. Molecular characterization confirmed a CXX5-MN1 fusion transcript which has been seen in at least one other instance. Though known to be involved in tumorigenesis, the roles of CXXC5 and MN1, in this case, remain unclear. We discuss the unusual histopathological features of this tumor and the value of recent updates to the WHO molecular diagnosis scheme for central nervous system tumors. We also briefly review the literature related to astroblastoma. The current case highlights our evolving recognition of atypical histological patterns for astroblastoma and the importance of new molecular profiles which can aid in the diagnosis.</p
Awareness of smell exercise after smell dysfunction related to COVID-19 in Alahsaa, Saudi Arabia
No full textIntroduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory syndrome. Globally, COVID-19 has infected more than 573 million people, with over 6.3 million deaths on July 27, 2022. The symptoms range from cold-like symptoms, cough, fever, shortness of breath, and sore throat; additionally, studies show that patients frequently have problems with smell and taste disorders (STD).Aim: We aim to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19-related anosmia, hyposmia, and parosmia in Alahssa, Saudi Arabia and establish the level of awareness of smell exercises.Patients and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among adults aged 18–60 living in Alahssa, Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire containing an informed consent form and a survey to collect demographic data, vaccination status, level of loss of smell and taste, and the level of awareness about smell exercises was distributed among all participants who agreed to participate in this study.Results: Five hundred twenty-four adults agreed to participate in this study. When we assessed their awareness of the smelling exercise, it was found that only 115 patients (21.9%) were aware. About 49 patients (61.3%) practiced the smelling exercise, and 55% reported improvements afterward.Conclusion: The prevalences of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were found to be 54.6% and 52.5%, respectively. Awareness of olfactory training was moderately low among those infected with COVID-19, while 28% of the patients who had experienced olfactory disturbances were aware of this training. Active, collaborative research is essential for describing the natural history and effective therapy of chemosensory impairment in COVID-19.</p
Perianal paget’s disease: A case report
No full textThe incidence of extramammary Paget’s disease (EMPD) is very low. It is very important to distinguish between primary Paget’s disease and secondary process. An 85-year-old man was consulted for the presence of an erythematous plaque located in the anal and gluteal area, confirming Paget cells in the biopsy. </p
Thinking in cytology key
No full textAs pathologists, cytotechnologists, and professors of pathology and cytology, we find ourselves disconcerted because we turn, in disbelief, to an unprecedented situation that could affect patient care and we refer to the exact opposite of that which could be considered in any medical treatise or scientific article from the 20th century.</p
Scientific-medical societies. Approach to an ethical framework
No full textThe social significance of public health and current scientific practice poses new responsibilities that drive scientific-medical societies to assume a public commitment, freely adopted and voluntary responsibility expressed through a Code of Good Practices [1],</p