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Ocean acidification: A weapon against the sea life
No full textThe term ocean acidification (OA) is known as the lowering in the pH of the ocean by absorbing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere over a continued period of time. Various factors such as land use change and the burning of fossil fuels increase the concentration of CO2 which was absorbed by the ocean at a factor of 30% which causes many chemical reactions [1].</p
Forest restoration and Sustainable of Soil Water Resources and High-quality sustainable management
No full textAlong with economic development and an increase in population, there is an increasing demand for goods such as timber, food, medicine, and so on, and ecological services such as fresh water and the environment. Because goods and service produced by the original forest cannot meet the increasing need of people, so most of the original forest has become farmland, plantation, and grass, and a lot of exotic plants was introduced to produce special products and service. As introduced plants grow, vegetation decline and crop failure happen in dry years or resource waste in wet years. In order to solve these problems, Years of theoretical research and investigation in fixed positions have shown that there is a soil water resources use limit by plants and the soil water vegetation carrying capacity in the process of vegetation restoration. When the soil water resources in the range of the maximum infiltration depth are equal to soil water resources use limit by plants, the plant water relation enters the key period of plant water relation regulation. If existing plant density is more than the soil water vegetation carrying capacity in the key period of plant water relation regulation, the plant water relation has to be regulated on the soil water vegetation carrying capacity to get maximal yield and service and realize high-quality sustainable management of forest vegetation in a water shortage area.</p
Adaptive menu: A review of adaptive user interface
No full textIntelligent User Interface (IUI) is an emerging interdisciplinary research area that focuses on improving the usability of existing user interfaces. Adaptive menus are the part of the IUI that is trying to improve existing menus’ usability by reducing the selection time. This paper surveys the most relevant studies that are carried out in this field. First, it introduces an Adaptive User Interface (AUI) and adaptive menus then describe various adaptation styles and adaptation policies that are being used in adaptive menus along with their benefits and drawbacks. It then lists the applications of adaptive systems and how they can be used, as well as the limitations and future direction of the work.</p
Reappraisal of multimodality imaging for improved Radiation Therapy (RT) target volume determination of recurrent Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC): An original article
No full textObjective: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most frequent cancer sites around the globe. Within the heterogeneous group of HNSCC, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) deserves the utmost attention as an important subsite. Despite multimodality management, recurrence of OSCC is not uncommon. RT may play an integral role as part of initial management or as adjunctive therapy, or for treatment of recurrent disease. In this study, we evaluate multimodality imaging-based RT treatment volume definition for irradiation of recurrent OSCC.Materials and methods: Multimodality imaging-based RT treatment volume definition for radiotherapeutic management of recurrent OSCC was assessed. RT target volume determination by incorporation of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or by Computed Tomography (CT)-simulation images only has been evaluated and comparative analysis has been performed for patients receiving salvage RT for recurrent OSCC.Results: Ground truth target volume has been found to be identical with treatment volume definition by CT-MR fusion-based imaging. Conclusion: Incorporation of MRI in target and treatment volume definition may improve target and treatment volume definition for recurrent OSCC.</p
Vitamin D and safe journey
No full textWe present a hypothesis for low vitamin D as a sign of untimely relocation of the human being during its history. This improper displacement prone our species to infectious and non-infectious diseases during our life journey, low vitamin D is a sign that needs to be addressed as a marker of the unsafe journey in our lifetime not the cause for diseases that are associated with it and replacement of vitamin D is the least that we have done.</p
Pacific bioscience sequence technology: Review
No full textPacific Biosciences has developed a platform that may sequence one molecule of DNA in a period via the polymerization of that strand with one enzyme. Single-molecule real-time sequencing by Pacific BioSciences’ technology is one of the most widely utilized third-generation sequencing technologies. PacBio single-molecule real-time Sequencing uses the Zero-mode waveguide’s ingenuity to distinguish the best fluorescence signal from the stable fluorescent backgrounds generated by disorganized free-floating nucleotides. PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing does not require PCR amplification, and the browse length is a hundred times longer than next-generation sequencing. It will only cover high-GC and high-repeat sections and is more accurate in quantifying low-frequency mutations. PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing will have a relatively high error rate of 10%-15% (which is practically a standard flaw of existing single-molecule sequencing technology). In contrast to next-generation sequencing, however, the errors are unintentionally random. As a result, multiple sequencing will effectively rectify the bottom deviance. Unlike second-generation sequencing, PacBio sequencing may be a technique for period sequencing and doesn’t need an intermission between browse steps. These options distinguish PacBio sequencing from second-generation sequencing, therefore it’s classified because of the third-generation sequencing. PacBio sequencing produces extremely lengthy reads with a high error rate and low yield. Short reads refine alignments/assemblies/detections to single-nucleotide precision, whereas PacBio long reads provide reliable alignments, scaffolds, and approximate detections of genomic variations. Through extraordinarily long sequencing reads (average >10,000 bp) and high accord precision, the PacBio Sequencing System can provide a terribly high depth of genetic information. To measure and promote the event of modern bioinformatics tools for PacBio sequencing information analysis, a good browse machine is required.</p
An isolated intra-cranial rosai-dorfman disease radiologically mimicking the meningioma
No full textRosai-Dorfman disease is an uncommon benign non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis proliferative disorder. It commonly involves the lymph nodes and is classically presented with massive cervical lymphadenopathy. It can also involve the extra-nodal sites of the body and is reported in 43% of Rosai-Dorfman disease cases. The central nervous system is rarely involved in Rosai-Dorfman disease from which intra-cranial is more common than spinal lesions. An isolated dural-based intra-cranial Rosai-Dorfman disease is extremely rare. It usually mimics meningioma on radiological imaging. It is very difficult to diagnose the Rosai-Dorfman disease on imaging and intra-operative appearances of the lesion. We present a histopathologically proven case of an isolated Rosai-Dorfman disease involving the central nervous system in 49 years old female patient which was radiologically mimicking the meningioma. </p
Celiac disease: Definition, classification, historical and epistemological profiles, anatomopathological aspects, clinical signs, differential diagnosis, treatments and prognosis. Proposed diagnostic scheme for celiac disease (DSCNC)
No full textCeliac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy, caused (in genetically predisposed or susceptible individuals) by the ingestion of gluten, the complex of water-insoluble proteins found in cereal grains such as wheat, rye and barley. In terms of terminology, it is the complex natural history and extremely polymorphous clinical presentation that has created some confusion. In fact, to date, at least three different forms of celiac disease are known, in addition to the simple non-celiac gluten sensitivity, since in common clinical practice most patients do not present the classic symptoms such as malabsorptive syndrome with diarrhoea, steatorrhoea, weight loss and nutritional deficiency, but rather an anaemia, asthenia, meteorism, abdominal tension, osteoporosis and infertility, thus painting an extremely varied and complex symptomatic picture that is linked to enteric microbiota and microbiome issues. Celiac disease affects the mucosa of the small intestine, while it generally spares the submucosa, muscolaris propria and serosa; if the disease does not involve the whole of the small intestine but only part of it, it is usually more serious in the proximal than the distal tract. The simultaneous presence of shortened villi, crypt hyperplasia, the abnormal cytological appearance of the absorbent surface and increased lamina propria cells is required for the diagnosis of celiac disease. Based on these findings, several forms of celiac disease have been identified in the clinic: typical, atypical (and in turn silent, latent, and potential), and sensitive non-celiac. Based on these considerations a specific diagnostic scheme is suggested to frame the celiac universe more functionally and structurally (so-called Diagnostic Scheme for Celiac Disease and Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity, DSCNC), identifying at least eight clinical hypotheses based on the serological, genetic, bioptic and allergological tests suggested). From a pharmacological and integrative point of view, the protocols shared by the scientific community remain in place: gluten-free diet, vitamin and salt supplementation if appropriate, pharmacological therapy (antibiotics, antihistamines, corticosteroids and immunosuppressants) if necessary, also in the future with the majority orientation oriented towards oral glutenase able to counteract the effects of gliadin in sensitive subjects, the use of larazotide acetate to remedy the increase in intestinal permeability and tTG inhibitors to reduce the toxic effects of gluten intake. The state of the art on celiac disease is not yet able to explain the precise aetiology and atypical forms of the disease, as well as the real impact of genetic predisposition on clinical manifestations. Research continues and seems to point the way to a complete resolution of this enteropathy that has been so prevalent over the last two decades.</p
Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in pregnant women
No full textPregnancy induces marked changes in the cardiovascular and plasma volume regulatory systems. By the end of the first trimester of gestation, the kidneys show marked glomerular hyperfiltration, resulting in a decrease in the patient’s serum creatinine with advancing gestational age [1].</p
The occurrence and influencing factors of fatigue and sleep disturbance in maintenance hemodialysis patients
No full textObjective: To investigate the occurrence and influencing factors of fatigue and sleep disturbance in Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods: A total of 170 patients with end-stage renal disease who underwent MHD treatment in the hemodialysis room of Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2021 to March 2022 were selected as the research subjects. The basic information and laboratory indicators of the patients were collected by cross-sectional survey. The survey methods were evaluated by the revised Piper Fatigue Scale and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Rating Scale and the incidence and influencing factors of fatigue and sleep disturbance in MHD patients were analyzed. Results: Fatigue occurred in 135 cases, the incidence rate was 79.41%; sleep disturbance occurred in 124 cases and the incidence rate was 72.94%. After one-way analysis of variance, factors such as exercise, Albumin (ALB, serum Creatinine(CRE), Phosphorus(P) and Hemoglobin(HGB) in MHD patients can affect fatigue; while age, gender, exercise, primary disease, dialysis frequency, Phosphorus(P), Hemoglobin(HGB) and high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) factors can affect sleep. A multiple linear regression model was constructed for the factors affecting fatigue (F = 81.110, p < 0.001), and it showed that 70.3% of fatigue (adjusted R2 = 0.703) was related to albumin (ALB), serum creatinine(CRE), and hemoglobin(HGB) (all p < 0.05); A multiple linear regression model was constructed based on the factors of 58% (F = 26.933, p < 0.001), which showed that 58% of sleep disorders (adjusted R2 = 0.580) were significantly related to age, gender, exercise or not, phosphorus(P), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) (all p < 0.05) related. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze sleep disturbance and fatigue in MHD patients and the results showed that there was a positive correlation between the two (r = 0.478, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The proportion of fatigue and sleep disturbance in MHD patients is relatively high, mainly mild to moderate and the two influence each other. Exercise intervention and nutritional support can effectively improve the occurrence of fatigue and sleep disturbance in MHD patients.</p