International Journal Online of Humanities
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177 research outputs found
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Noun Phrase Constructions in Musgum (Chadic Language)
No full textThis paper tackles the Noun Phrase constructions in Musgum, a Chadic language spoken in Cameroon and Chad. It is particular to the generative grammar developed since the fifties by Chomsky. We question the structure of the Noun Phrase. At the end of the analysis, we found that the Noun Phrase can be made up of a noun, a possessive pronoun, a demonstrative pronoun, an indefinite pronoun and numerals. We brought out several Noun Phrase structures: single Noun; Noun and possessive determiner; Noun and demonstrative determiner; Noun, Possessive marker and Noun; Noun, nà (connective) and Noun. Noun Phrase (NP) can be considered as Determiner Phrase (DP). The determiner follows the noun. But in the underlying structure, it occupies a higher position: Spec-DP
Logic and Truth: Gendered Words Perspectives in Sukuma Speech Community, Tanzania
No full textThe paper informs what exists pertinent to gender norms in the Sukuma speech community within the scope of philosophy of language and logic and truth in particular. The paper was motivated by the exiting of social and gender norms in Sukuma through language and logic in Sukuma land and thus was selected purposively. The study used an interpretivism paradigm under a case study design in which the Njingani village of the Geita region of Tanzania was surveyed. The study used 21 informants in data collection via focus group discussion. An embedded (mixed) research approach was applied in data analysis which was seconded by cognitive-developmental, grammar and Social theories. The study revealed that Sukuma lexemes i: e kaya, Nshimbe, mbehi, kulilwa and tola develop gender stigma on the expense of women in forms of gender disparity. Logically, it is a social pragmatics construction whose insights have no truth on gender stigma, thus needs new revelation for harmony. It was recommended some communities including Sukuma need education on gender stereotypes and stigma; educators should avoid generalizations in their discussions of gender issues as people know their rights in their homestead. This would reduce gender stereotypes and biases which have been developed using different linguistics lexemes
The Loss of Final Dental in Spanish Voseo Imperatives
No full textIn modern Spanish, singular imperatives the vocalic final stress assignment is the morphological marker of familiar vos. Historically, these imperatives are marked with a –d. The loss of –d has been regarded as a pure phonetic reduction (De Souza, Menéndez Pidal, Penny) which morphologizes in the singular (Rini 1999). This paper provide 95 examples of vos imperatives from 1555 to 1858 in Hispanic America to show that morphological distinction of informality plays a role in the maintenance of –d until the 19th century, while inverse standardization triggers the definite loss of –d in all Hispanic American dialects, since the more prestigious form (with –d) is eliminated from a less prestigious address such as vos
Micro-Translation Strategies in Death’s Utterances in The Animated Movie Puss in Boots: The Last Wish
No full textThis study analyses the micro-translation strategies applied to the character Death’s utterances in the animated movie Puss in Boots: The Last Wish (2022). The objectives are to identify the micro-translation strategies used, describe their application, and determine the most dominant strategy employed in the 59 data unit. This study employed qualitative descriptive method and data analysis approach, a total of 59 data units were examined. The analysis revealed 75 occurrences of micro- translation strategies, as several data unit translator employed multiple strategies. From the twelve strategies proposed by Schjoldager (2008), ten were identified. These strategies, ranked by occurrences, are Condensation (28%), Direct Translation (26.7%), Paraphrase (12%), Deletion (10.7%), Permutation (6.7%), Direct Transfer (5.3%), Calque (4%), Explicitation (4%), Adaptation (1.3%), and Addition (1.3%). Theoretically, this research contributes to the field of animated movie translation by offering insight into the strategic choices made when translating character utterances. Empirically, the findings indicate that Condensation is the most dominant strategy, reflecting the translator tendency to simplify or shorten content while preserving meaning in the animated movie Puss in Boots: The Last Wish (2022)
Sexist Humor In TikTok: Content Strategies and The Normalization of Patriarchy in Digital Spaces
No full textThis article discusses the phenomenon of sexist humor in TikTok content and its contribution to the normalization of patriarchal values in the digital space. This research uses a qualitative approach with a critical discourse analysis (CDA) method to explore how sexist humor is represented, produced, and consumed on the short video-based social media platform. The research data comprised ten popular TikTok videos containing sexist humor, focusing on narrative structure, language, visual symbols, and audience responses.
The research findings show that sexist humor in TikTok often reproduces gender stereotypes through simple narratives full of patriarchal bias. Representations such as husbands fearing wives, emotional wives, or the traditional division of domestic roles are dominant themes. The humor is wrapped in light entertainment formats, such as text overlays, dramatic expressions, and upbeat music, making it difficult to recognize as a form of gender inequality. However, behind its comedic appearance, this humor reinforces patriarchal ideology by placing men at the center of the narrative, while women are reduced to emotional, manipulative, or subordinate objects. In the discourse practice dimension, the production strategy of sexist humor content is designed to be viral and relevant to the audience\u27s daily experience. TikTok\u27s algorithm that supports high engagement also amplifies the distribution of this content, creating a cycle in which gender stereotypes are continuously reproduced and normalized. As primary consumers, young audiences tend to internalize these messages as social truths, impacting the shaping of gender perceptions and behaviors beyond digital platforms.
Theoretically, this research draws on the framework of patriarchy, gender performativity, and the concept of symbolic violence to explain how sexist humor works as a subtle ideological tool that maintains patriarchal hegemony. The article emphasizes the importance of gender-based critical media literacy in developing public awareness about the negative impact of sexist humor. This research contributes to academic and practical discussions on the relationship between digital culture, humor, and gender dynamics and the need for social interventions to create more inclusive and equitable digital spaces
Castaways and Conquerors: Exposing American Imperialism in Jules Verne’s The Mysterious Island
No full textAt first glance, Jules Verne’s The Mysterious Island seems like a simple adventure story, but a deeper examination reveals how it embodies the ideas prevalent in nineteenth-century America. Focusing on postcolonial and Marxist angles, this article reveals how the castaways’ supposedly perfect society on a deserted isle reproduces processes of colonial expropriation and capitalist appropriation. The absence of Indigenous peoples, the transformation of the island’s landscape, and the collective approach to labor highlight the novel’s engagement with imperial and economic concerns. Additionally, Captain Nemo’s intricate role—opposing colonial rule while also validating and testing the castaways—underscores the narrative’s internal tensions. Ultimately, the essay contends that The Mysterious Island offers a commentary on American identity, emphasizing how it intertwines with expansionist aims and capitalist ideologies, and prompting readers to reconsider what “progress” meant to nineteenth-century audiences
A Semantic Study of the Ubiquity of Metaphors in Nigerian English
No full textThe study surveys the use of metaphors in Nigerian English. Metaphor reflects our ability to think of one thing in terms of something else. Evidently, more of our everyday language is metaphorical in nature than we are consciously aware of. The researchers use the purposive sampling technique in data collection. Data for this research are drawn from Jowitt (1991) and Igboanusi (2002) where a list of NE usages were provided. The metaphors are then identified and a semantic analysis is conducted. The metaphors were underlined in each of the examples for clarity and easy analysis and the descriptive linguistic theory is used as framework. The study found out that metaphors are problematic in discourse when they are not properly encoded. Metaphor hides as much as it reveals and instead of being a descriptive tool, it creates a host of associations and assumptions
Chorography of Contemporary Migrations and Fractured Identities in Kamila Shamshie’s Novel Home Fire
No full textIn the realm of literature, representation extends beyond mere inclusion; it demands accurate and nuanced portrayals of diverse identities. Identity, a multifaceted construct encompassing dimensions such as race, gender, sexuality, and class, is a central theme explored by authors to unravel the intricacies of human experiences. This research article investigates the theme of contemporary migrations and fractured identities within the context of Kamila Shamsie’s novel Home Fire (2017). Employing the concept of chorography – a method that maps and represents spatial and cultural phenomena – the study delves into the intricate portrayal of identity in the novel. It scrutinizes how characters grapple with their cultural, religious, and personal identities amidst the backdrop of migration.
The article illuminates the challenges faced by migrants, particularly those from Muslim backgrounds, as they navigate cultural assimilation, religious identity, and the clash between tradition and modernity. Migration, as depicted in the novel, becomes a catalyst for the fragmentation of identities, unraveling struggles with belonging, cultural boundaries, and the profound impact of political and social factors. Additionally, the research explores the role of memory and history in shaping characters\u27 identities and their experiences of migration.
This earnest exploration aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between contemporary migrations and the fractured identity of the Muslim community on a global scale. By contributing to existing literature on migration studies and identity formations, the article sheds light on the profound impact of fractured identities on characters\u27 sense of belonging and their interactions with others. Through a meticulous analysis of the text, the article reveals the intricate ways in which these fractured identities resonate within the narrative, adding depth to discussions on Pakistani English Literature, representation of identities, Muslim religion and individual identity, and the pervasive issue of Islamophobia
Revolutionary Ideals and Moral Dilemmas: Exploring Leftist Politics in Edward Bond’s The Bundle
No full textThis study explores revolutionary ideals and moral dilemmas in Edward Bond’s The Bundle, focusing on its leftist politics. It analyzes how the play critiques capitalism and presents alternatives through themes of justice, compassion, and collective responsibility. Edward Bond is known for his politically charged plays. In The Bundle, he addresses issues of class struggle, inequality, and survival. The play critiques capitalist structures and explores the tension between individual morality and collective action. Bond uses his work to promote social and political transformation. The study uses a Marxist critical framework to explore the play’s ideological elements. Textual analysis examines the play’s narrative, characters, and symbolism. Historical and social contexts are also considered to situate the play in the tradition of leftist theater. The play critiques capitalism and advocates for collectivism. It presents the moral dilemmas faced by individuals in revolutionary movements. The abandoned child symbolizes the tension between survival and ethical action, reflecting the sacrifices needed for change. The study shows that The Bundle critiques socio-economic systems and calls for revolutionary action. It highlights the moral complexities of achieving justice in an unjust world. The Bundle challenges audiences to engage with the moral ambiguities inherent in revolutionary struggles. By critiquing capitalist oppression, it forces a confrontation with the ethical compromises that often arise in the pursuit of social change. Bond’s portrayal of these tensions emphasizes the complexities of balancing morality and progress. Ultimately, the play reinforces the enduring importance of politically conscious theatre as a tool for both critique and social transformation
Stream of Consciousness
No full textStream of consciousness is a great term in modern literature. Though the application of the stream of consciousness by the Western and some Russian novelists have been mentioned as a special technique, its existence in many other writers of the world is apparent in different forms.
The deep ocean of memories is the store house called Chitta. Consciousness proper is not confined to brain or memory, any others, though all these are part of it. What has been construed as stream of consciousness is only a part of the whole. Everything from tiniest matter to the Divine is consciousness. The core issue is Chit, the origin of consciousness. It is a great hope that groping in th dark, Man the mental being, is growing from ignorance to knowledge, from partial to the whole.