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EXPLORING THE DYNAMICS OF STREET TRADING AS STREET SPATIAL (IN) JUSTICE IN MUSINA TOWN
Full text linkStreet trading takes place on the most contested public spaces-streets. Street spaces are therefore sites of spatialjustice and injustice and consequently inclusion and exclusion. This paper explores the dynamics of street tradingas street spatial (in)justice in Musina Town. The study adopts a qualitative research approach. Data were collectedin the form of structured interviews with Musina Local Municipality officials and semi-structured interviews with 30street traders from Musina Town CBD. The key findings reveal that issuing of trading licenses is a controlled form ofspatial justice, which limits the expansion of street trade and confines the traders to a particular space. The findingsreveal that the ‘‘Right to the City’’ claims depend on the users’ purpose for being in the street. Understanding thestreet trading dynamics and nature of space contestations and negotiations by street traders’ and other street usershelps planners to delineate their implications on street spatial justice and stimulates the creation of new innovativeapproaches to co-create more inclusive and just spaces with street traders as co-producers of spatially (un)just streetspaces
POLICY BRIEF- SAFER CITY AUDIT FOR WOMEN
Full text linkUrbanization is closely linked with increases in economic and social development. Yet in South African cities, alongsideall the growth and advancement taking place, progress is undermined by the dearth of safety, resulting from poorplanning, security challenges, poor and/ or lack of infrastructure. Consequently, putting both city’s inhabitants andvisitors in danger, and women, in particular, bear the heaviest brunt of unsafe urban spaces. While the post-apartheidSouth African cities are open to women, there still exists a gap in their safety and experiences within the same cities
Randomized control trials in education (RCTs): What is their contribution to education theory about teaching?
Full text linkRandom Controlled Trials (RCTs) have become one of the most sought-after approaches to impact evaluations of large-scale educational interventions in developing countries. This paper examines various claims to knowledge made by RCT scholars and evaluators of specific interventions conducted in India, Kenya and South Africa. It argues that, although these studies contribute a large set of empirical evidence about the impact of system-wide change on learners’ outcomes, they have limited contribution to building educational knowledge on learning and teaching for teacher education and development. Led mainly by development economists, RCT evaluation studies do not refer to nor attempt to engage explicitly with a theory of learning and teaching embedded in these interventions, or with the social and economic conditions that may constrain teachers’ work. Studies tend to simplify educational ideas and do not go beyond a brief description of the mechanisms included in systematic instruction. Teachers or teacher educators cannot learn much from these descriptions on how this kind of instruction improves teaching of poorly performing learners in specific settings. Only an engagement with conceptual and empirical research or with educational theory more broadly will assist in building professional knowledge about learning and teaching and about teacher change.
 
THE INTERFACE BETWEEN THE LASSA VIRUS EPIDEMIC, THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC, AND THE FOOD ENVIRONMENT IN NIGERIA: A ONE HEALTH APPROACH
Full text linkFor the Nigerian populace, social and health inequities continue to be disproportionately heightened due to the triad of Lassa virus epidemic, COVID-19 pandemic, and worsening food environment. This review uses secondary data sources to examine the interface of the Lassa virus (LASV) epidemic and the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria and its impact on the food environment. This paper adopts One Health as a conceptual framework and takes an integrativelens to understand the interconnections and parallels between the scourges of LASV and COVID-19 on the food environment. Significant challenges relating to hunger, poverty, food insecurity, food loss and malnutrition regarding both Lassa virus and COVID-19 were uncovered. The spread of zoonotic diseases transmitted from animals to humans are worsened by unplanned urbanization, urbanization of poverty, insufficient management information systems, population increase, and climate change. The paper discusses practical measures to preparedness and response and suggests that priority should be placed on the strengthening local food environment to encourage better food diversity, access, and affordable options. A One Health approach is holistic and contingent on an informed, inclusive, community-driven, and sustainable infrastructure as well as on healthy biodiversity and functioning ecosystems,which are necessary for human and environmental health
TOWARDS HOLISTIC APPROACH TO INCLUSIVE CITIES: FICTIONAL MYTH OR ATTAINABLE REALITY?
Full text linkThe paper looks at the phenomenon of inclusive cities as fundamental condition for contemporary cities. Analyzing such a crucial phenomenon should be based on a multidisciplinary approach
INCLUSIVE CITIES, URBAN HOUSING AND DISABILITY: UNMASKING THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF URBAN HOUSING PROVISION FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITY IN URBAN SETTLEMENTS IN ZIMBABWE
Full text linkAny discussion on urban development in general, and urban housing in particular, is hedged against SustainableDevelopment Goal 11 “Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”. However, thegoal becomes even more poignant when issues of inclusivity and disability are considered. Housing, whether in ruralor urban areas, is a basic right. The world over, governments have institutionalised and constitutionalised housing asa basic and human right. According to Habitat for Humanity, its vision is a world where everyone has a decent place tolive. The reality, however, is that housing provision is a major challenge. The growing waiting lists, the sprouting illegalsettlements, the increasing number of housing estates which are on unserviced land, points to a social, economic andhealth ticking bomb. The issues of urban housing become even more complicated and sophisticated when issuesof disability come into play. The mantra behind inclusive cities focuses on the “right to the city” for all. Whilst this is anoble idea, it is also apparent that the concept is not absolute. This is because the city, and housing provision, is stillnot designed for people with disability. The services that the city provides, including housing, do not take into accountthe challenges that people with disability face in accessing them. The paper focuses on the political economy ofurban housing in Zimbabwe, with particular attention paid to people living with disability. The main argument profferedis that urban development and urban design must accommodate the housing needs of people living with disability.This is the only way that the city can become “inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable”
The place of teaching, learning and student development in a framework of academic freedom: Attending to the negative freedoms of our students
Full text linkThis article reflects on the obligations that the principles of academic freedom places on a university in the ways in which it will approach the educational development of its students and, for their part, the reasonable expectations that students may hold in regard to the educational experience that they will find when they choose to learn at such a university. Universities have the responsibility to attend to the "negative" freedoms of their students and, in so doing, must ensure that full expression is given to the liberating value of education in the ways in which the intellectual development of students are structured. Lastly, this article considers the importance of institutional culture in both supporting and sometimes undermining the development of critically engaged graduates. The article argues for purposeful and directed effort to be brought to the task of developing the institutional culture of a university.  
Resident's Compliance With Colonia Planning Regulations In Periurban Area Of Ibadan, Nigeria
Full text linkThe present planning standard in Nigeria is with a colonial footprint. The study examined resident’s compliance with planning regulations in peri – urban of Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted while both primary and secondary data were sourced. Using a multistage sampling technique, two peri-urban local Government areas (Ido and Oluyole local government) in Ibadan region were identified and two settlements (Apete and Odo Ona Elewe) were randomly selected from each selected LGAs. A total of 7,170 houses from Apete (3,500) and Odo Ona elewe (3,670) were enumerated and 3% (215) sample size was taken. Observation checklist was used to assess the level of compliance with the planning regulations. Both descriptive and inferential statistics (chi square) were used to analyse the data at P ≥ = 0.05%. The study revealed that about 75.3 % of the respondents were aware of the planning regulation, while only 58.6% complied with the building setback regulation. The study concluded that planning regulations have not been given adequate attention. Therefore, planning standard relating to building should be strictly enforced
Event style preferences in medical education and research meetings in Japan
Full text linkPurpose: With the spread of COVID-19, medical education and research events have either been cancelled or shifted to online or hybrid mode. However, there are no accurate records containing the exact number of these events in new modes. This study explores trends in event modes of medical education and research in Japan using registered event data from a web service. Methods: We collected event data from January 2019 to December 2021. Text mining was used to extract and classify data into categories such as on-site and online events. Then, the annual and monthly numbers of categories were counted. Results: The total number of events in March 2020 was drastically reduced, but it recovered in November 2021 to a level equivalent to that of the peak month in 2019. The majority of the events were online by December 2020, increasing in number from March 2020. Hybrid events that integrate on-site and online modes later outnumbered online events and accounted for approximately 20% of the total in June, October, and November 2021. Conclusions: The online and hybrid modes ensured the continuation of medical education and research events during the pandemic. Though online events may reduce after COVID-19, the hybrid mode could become a popular mode that offers diversity
