International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research
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Measuring Organizational Commitment of Boomers, Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z: Basis for Engagement and Retention Policies
No full textThis study examined the organizational commitment levels of employees across four generational cohorts: Boomers, Gen X, Gen Y, and Gen Z utilizing the Three-Component Model (TCM) of Commitment. The research investigated affective, continuance, and normative commitment to identify generational differences and their influencing factors among healthcare professionals using a mixed-methods approach. The study provided insights for tailored human resource strategies to enhance employee engagement, retention, and organizational performance, setting the stage for future empirical analysis. This study explored generational differences in organizational commitment among hospital employees using a mixed-methods, cross-sectional design. Quantitative data were collected through a structured survey, assessing affective, continuance, and normative commitment. Due to small sample sizes and non-normal data distribution, the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare generational groups. Qualitative data from open-ended responses were thematically analyzed to identify key factors influencing commitment, such as value alignment and workplace support. Employees show high affective commitment, driven by emotional connection, shared values, and meaningful work. Continuance and normative commitment were moderate, influenced by job stability, benefits, and a sense of loyalty. There are no significant generational differences in commitment levels, most likely due to a shared mission in healthcare. Intrinsic, value-based factors play a stronger role in commitment than external pressures
Enhancing the Implementation of PCG NSTP-CWTS: Perceptions, Challenges, and Recommendations
No full textThis study assessed the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) National Service Training Program-Civic Welfare Training Service (NSTP-CWTS) program through identification of the demographic profile of the students and instructors. It also examined the student’s perception of the delivery, support system, and teaching outcome. The instructors assessed the program’s content and support system and identified the challenges they experienced. The study revealed the relationship between the challenges experienced by the instructors when grouped according to profile.
The study used a quantitative-correlational research design using a researcher-made questionnaire to gather data from 251 students and 31 instructors from selected institutions where PCG has a memorandum of agreement for providing the program.
The data showed that students were male second-years enrolled in maritime courses who attended primarily face-to-face classes. The instructors were mostly junior-ranked with limited years of service and little to no NSTP-CWTS-specific training. The students’ perception was generally positive. The instructors had effective communication, and the program was aligned with the training objectives, although concerns were raised about the sufficiency of the allocated time and adequacy of training materials. The curriculum was aligned with the national. The challenges experienced include resource availability, graduate deployment, and institutional collaboration with universities and LGUs. It was revealed significant relationships between the challenges experienced and specific demographic aspects such as unit assignment and years in service.
The study suggested strengthening institutional partnerships, instructor training and development, improving logistical support, structuring the graduate deployment process, and program modification to match students\u27 diversity and career aspirations
Production and Analysis of Golean as Alternative Tea
No full textThis study developed and evaluated GOLEAN Alternative Tea, made from Bottle Gourd skin, Lemongrass leaves, and Anonang leaves as an alternative herbal beverage. Using descriptive and experimental research design, 90 respondents, composed of 30 tea consumers, 30 tea makers, and 30 tea sellers, assessed its acceptability and marketability in Marikina City during the School Year 2024-2025. The tea exhibited low moisture content (12.0 g/100g), a pH of 6.04, minimal vitamin C (<1 mg/100g), and acceptable microbial levels (1.2 × 10² CFU/g). Assessments were conducted using the Nine-Point Hedonic Rating Scale for acceptability and the Five-Point Likert Scale for marketability. Statistical analysis was performed using Weighted Mean and One-way ANOVA. Findings revealed that consumer respondents rated the tea as “Extremely Acceptable” (EA) with scores of 8.54, 8.60, and 8.51 for proportions A, B, and C, respectively. Significant differences in taste perception were observed among the groups, while no significant differences were found in marketability evaluations. The marketability ratings indicated that proportions A (4.76), B (4.79), and C (4.79) were deemed “Very Highly Marketable.” In conclusion, the study confirms the viability of GOLEAN Alternative Tea as a natural and affordable herbal beverage, highlighting its potential for high acceptability and marketability while addressing challenges and offering recommendations for improvement based on respondent feedback
Organizational Commitment as A Mediator of Employee Engagement and Retention Among Non-Teaching Staff: Evidence from Selected Universities in Cebu City
No full textEmployee retention is a critical concern in universities, as frequent turnover is disruptive and increases operational costs. In Cebu City, non-teaching staff play a vital role in sustaining academic services, yet their retention often depends on how engaged and committed they feel toward their institutions. This study examined whether organizational commitment mediates the relationship between employee engagement and employee retention among non-teaching personnel in selected Cebu universities. Using a quantitative correlational design, survey data were gathered from 100 staff members and analyzed through descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rho, and structural equation modeling. Results revealed high engagement, strong organizational commitment, and generally positive retention intentions. Mediation analysis confirmed that while engagement directly predicts retention, commitment strengthens this link by fostering loyalty and value alignment. These findings suggest that recognition, fair policies, and growth opportunities enhance both engagement and commitment, leading to a more stable workforce. The study highlights the importance of non-teaching staff in ensuring institutional continuity and offers insights for higher education administrators on reducing turnover risk
TikTok-Driven Buying Patterns: A Study of Consumer Behavior among University Students in the Philippines
No full textTikTok has transformed Generation Z’s consumer behavior through algorithm-driven content, viral trends, and influencer impact. This study examined TikTok’s influence on 345 university students in Cebu City, assessing exposure (time spent, frequency, user-generated content influence, engagement) and consumer behavior (purchase frequency, intention, brand loyalty, impulse buying). Due to significant non-normality confirmed by Shapiro-Wilk tests, Spearman’s rho was used to analyze relationships. Results revealed a significant positive correlation between TikTok exposure and buying behavior (ρ = 0.480, p < .001), with user-generated content exerting the strongest effect (ρ = 0.517). Impulse buying was notably influenced (ρ = 0.458), especially in fashion and personal care. Findings suggest marketers should leverage authentic peer content and influencer partnerships to engage Gen Z and build brand loyalty, while educators should promote digital literacy to help students critically assess content and control impulse purchases. TikTok serves as both an entertainment platform and a powerful marketing tool, highlighting the need for ethical marketing and informed consumer awareness
Training Program for MSME Owners: A Needs Assessment
No full textThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the MSME Owners in Sorsogon\u27s present skill and competency levels as well as their need for training programs. Additionally, this needs assessment identifies particular talents that are thought to be crucial to improving business operations. This study will identify the MSME Owners\u27 profile with regard to training program accessibility.
The study\u27s findings suggest that MSME owners needed specialized training programs to improve their skills, creativity, and long-term performance in this changing economic climate. Due to time and cost constraints, MSME owners have limited access to trainings; therefore, this program will help them stay current on industry developments and be of tremendous advantage to them. It is strongly advised that MSME owners attend trainings
Audio-Visual Resources in the Social Studies Department of President Ramon Magsaysay State University
No full textThis quantitative descriptive study sought to establish the perceived competency and benefits of audio-visual resources (AVRs) among 60 President Ramon Magsaysay State University Social Studies teachers in Academic Year 2023-2024. The demographic profiles of the teachers, their use of AVRs, and the perceived effects on teaching efficiency, creativity, improvisation, and expressiveness were investigated. Data analysis indicated that the respondents were predominantly female, in middle adulthood, having a Master\u27s degree, at the instructor rank, and with relatively new tenure. The findings indicated that the Social Studies instructors strongly agree that AVRs significantly enhance their teaching ability, creativity, improvisation, and expressiveness. Moreover, they demonstrated great confidence in their ability to select, prepare, and utilize AVRs correctly. Perceived benefits of AVRs were significantly influenced by academic rank and length of service but not by sex, age, or educational attainment. Conversely, perceived competence in AVR use was significantly influenced by sex, educational attainment, and academic rank but not by age or length of service. Recommendations to university administrators are to evaluate infrastructure for AVR capability, and to Social Studies teachers, perform AVR comparative studies and investigate the effect of self-assessed competence on student achievement. Future studies could examine the effects of demographic factors on AVR usage and perceived advantage and seek to find targeted areas of support to improve teaching efficiency
Reading Difficulties of Grade One Learners in Mother Tongue Based- Multi-lingual Education (MTB-MLE) in Relation to Performance: Basis for Intervention Plan
Get PDFThis study investigates the reading difficulties encountered by Grade One learners in District 1 of the Schools Division of Bago City for the school year 2023-2024 and examines their impact on academic per-formance. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational research design, the study assessed 231 Grade One learners from five elementary schools using a modified Reading Difficulty Checklist. Findings indicate that learners experience moderate difficulties across five key areas of reading: phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and com-prehension, with comprehension posing the greatest challenge. The study also reveals that demographic factors such as age, sex, parents’ educational attainment, and family income significantly influence reading proficiency. Additionally, a strong correlation was found be-tween reading difficulties and academic performance, highlighting the need for targeted intervention programs. Based on the results, an in-tervention plan is proposed to enhance reading skills and improve academic outcomes for young learners
The Nexus of Crowdfunding and Venture Creation: A Systematic Review
No full textThis systematic review explores how crowdfunding impacts en-trepreneurial processes, business sustainability, and venture growth. By analyzing 19 SCOPUS-indexed studies, this review iden-tifies crowdfunding’s financial and non-financial benefits, includ-ing enhanced consumer insight, market exposure, and co-creation opportunities. Crowdfunding redefines stakeholder roles, foster-ing participatory ecosystems that enable innovation, strategic scaling, and resilience. Key findings emphasize the importance of stakeholder engagement and market validation while highlighting gaps in understanding long-term sustainability, cultural influences, and evolving backer-venture dynamics. These insights provide actionable strategies for entrepreneurs and researchers to harness crowdfunding’s potential in venture creation
Performance Management, Rewards and Recognition, and Satisfaction of Employees on the Implementation of PRIME-HRM: A Partial Mediation Analysis
No full textThe Program to Institutionalize Meritocracy and Excellence in Human Resource Management (PRIME-HRM) is a program of the Civil Service Commission promoting the culture of excellence in human resource management systems in the Philippines. However, little is known about the status of implementation of this program in the education sector. Thus, this research aims to explain the implementation of PRIME-HRM in the DepEd Division Offices in the Province of Laguna and its relationship to the level of satisfaction of the employees. It also tested the difference between the extent of program implementation when grouped according to their division, and the significant difference between the level of satisfaction of personnel on implementation of the program in each division office. A 7-point Likert scale (average Cronbach’s alpha of 0.973) instrument was floated to fifty respondents. Results showed that the extent of implementation of PRIME-HRM is very high. It was also noted the very high level of satisfaction of employees about PRIME-HRM implementation. Finally, the study concluded the mediation effects of rewards and recognition on the effects of the performance management pillar on the satisfaction of the employees