International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research
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Box-Behnken Design-Based Optimization of Treatment Parameters for Soluble Reactive Phosphorus Removal of Synthetic Wastewater using Immobilized Spirulina platensis Beads
No full textSoluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), a bioavailable phosphorus form, contributes to over-eutrophication by stimulating uncontrolled algal growth. This study aims to determine the optimum treatment parameters for the SRP removal from synthetic wastewater using the alginate-immobilized cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis. S. platensis was immobilized in alginate beads with varying alginate concentrations (2.5%, 3%, and 3.5% w/v), and subjected to varying operation time (1, 2, and 3 days), and bead dosage (1.5, 2, and 2.5 beads/mL) for SRP removal using Box-Behnken experimental design. Resulting model indicated a strong predictive relationship with R2 = 0.9253 and p = 0.0212. Main effects of bead dosage (p = 0.01372), its quadratic effect (p = 0.01643), and its interaction with alginate concentration (p = 0.00465) were found to be statistically significant. Predicted optimum parameters (2.5% w/v alginate, 3 days, and 1.5 beads/mL) were validated and resulted in a lower SRP removal of 92.80 ± 0.73% with a percent error of 5.22% relative to a predicted SRP removal of 97.91%. Extrapolation of the prediction model to 100% outside the experimental region was verified resulting in SRP removal of 97.39 ± 0.08% with a percent error of 2.61% was achieved by adjusting the operation time to 3.4 days. The study shows promising potential of immobilized S. platensis beads in addressing over-eutrophication through significant phosphorus reduction
Employers’ Feedback on Hospitality Management Graduates from Palawan State University: A Mixed-Methods Study
No full textThis study examines employer feedback on the performance of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management (BSHM) graduates from Palawan State University’s Brooke’s Point campus. A mixed-methods approach using a descriptive research design was employed to explore employers’ perceptions of graduates’ soft and hard skills within the hospitality industry. The research was conducted across Puerto Princesa City, Coron, and Brooke’s Point in Palawan, with data collected through surveys and interviews from 20 employers in various hospitality sectors, including Front Office, Housekeeping, and Food & Beverage. Purposive sampling was used to select employers who had hired BSHM graduates between 2019 and 2024. The data were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages, and means.
The findings revealed that BSHM graduates performed well in soft skills such as teamwork, adaptability, communication, and interpersonal skills, with employers expressing high levels of satisfaction. The graduates also demonstrated strong hard skills, including computer literacy, presentation, and writing abilities. However, areas for improvement were identified, including workplace ethics, confidence in managing complex tasks, exposure to international cuisines and standards, and proficiency in industry-specific software such as Property Management Systems (PMS) and Point of Sale (POS) systems.
The study recommends enhancing practical experience across all hospitality departments and increasing exposure to international standards. It further suggests updating the BSHM curriculum to better align with industry needs, with a focus on global practices, technological literacy, and skill development. These findings offer valuable insights for academic institutions, employers, and future researchers
Exploring The Utilization of Micro-Loans among Livestock Farmers
No full textThis study explores how microloans are helping livestock farmers in Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. For many small-scale farmers, traditional banks are out of reach microloans fill that gap by offering accessible financing to support their agricultural activities. These loans have become a valuable tool for rural development, giving farmers a chance to invest in their farms, improve productivity, and increase income. To understand how microloans are used and how effective they are, the study combined survey responses and interviews with local farmers, along with insights from microfinance institutions. It looked into how loans are approved, how they\u27re used, and what challenges farmers face particularly with repayment and access to reliable information. The findings show that microloans have made a real difference. Farmers used the funds to buy healthier livestock, upgrade their facilities, and improve overall farm output. But not everything worked perfectly. Some struggled with strict repayment terms, and others didn’t fully understand how to access or manage these financial tools. The study offers practical recommendations for policymakers, lenders, and farmers. These include introducing more flexible repayment options, improving farmer education about loan programs, and encouraging better coordination between lenders and agricultural support services. This research provides meaningful insights into how microloans can be made more effective. It points the way toward smarter policies and programs that can help small farmers thrive and contribute more fully to sustainable rural development
Comparative Study on Attention Span among Undergraduate Students
No full textStudents face challenges in maintaining attention span, potentially influenced by technology and multitasking habits demanded by the current school environment. Attention is the cognitive process that enables individuals to focus their senses on a specific stimulus, identify its characteristics, and extract meaningful information. This process is crucial in examining human behavior, as it impacts task performance, social interactions, and overall well-being. With the vast amount of information available on the internet, it has become increasingly challenging to navigate and generalize individual attention spans, especially in local contexts. Moreover, there are only a few studies regarding attention span among undergraduate students across year levels. This study employed a quantitative method, specifically a comparative design, to assess Filipino undergraduate students\u27 capacity to sustain attention across different year levels at a private university in Pampanga, Philippines. The researchers employed a Kruskal-Wallis test to analyze data collected from 280 undergraduate students recruited through a quota-sampling technique. Findings revealed that there is no significant difference (p = 0.14) in the attention span of undergraduate students, leading to the conclusion that year level does not determine the attentional capacity of students. The findings emphasized the need for inclusive and adaptive teaching strategies that equally cater to all year levels. Furthermore, supporting students’ cognitive health across all stages of higher education, regardless of year level, promotes sustained academic performance and mental well-being
Comparative Analysis of Career Adaptability among Working and Non-Working Students in the Philippines
No full textIn today’s fast-paced and competitive job market, the capacity to adapt to career changes and challenges is essential for long-term success. Transitioning from academia to a professional career can be challenging for learners. Career adaptability is a trait that students utilise to navigate uncertainty in the workplace. Although numerous studies compared working and non-working students, few have specifically examined their career adaptability in the local context. Most existing research centers on post-employment outcomes such as job satisfaction and career growth, with limited attention given to the demographics of currently enrolled university students. This comparative study explored the career adaptability of university students in the Philippines. Using the Career Adaptability Assessment Scale (CAAS), data were collected from both groups through an online questionnaire. An independent samples t-test was used to compare the means of career adaptability dimensions and overall career adaptability between working and non-working students. Results showed a significant difference in career confidence (p = 0.002, d = -0.44) and overall career adaptability (p = 0.04, d = -0.29) between the two groups, demonstrating higher levels in working students. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in terms of career concern (p = 0.18), career control (p = 0.43), and career curiosity (p = 0.45). These findings suggest that while employment status is associated with differences in career adaptability and confidence among students, the practical effect size of this difference is limited. The findings identify potential areas for targeted institutional support for student career development
From Fear to Fluency: How Anxiety Influences ESL Students’ Classroom Performance
No full textThis quantitative study examined how foreign language anxiety influenced classroom participation among English as a Second Language (ESL) students at Aklan State University, Banga Campus. Utilizing the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) by Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope (1986), the research investigated four primary components of anxiety: communication apprehension, test anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and anxiety about comprehension. A total of 43 first- and second-year BSEd English students participated in the study. Data were collected through standardized Likert-scale questionnaires and participation checklists, and analyzed using SPSS Version 16 to determine correlations between anxiety levels and student engagement. Findings revealed that most participants experienced moderate to high levels of anxiety, with classroom participation and fear of negative evaluation being the most significant factors affecting their participation. A statistically significant inverse relationship was found between anxiety and student participation—higher anxiety levels were associated with reduced classroom engagement. Communication apprehension and fear of negative evaluation emerged as the strongest predictors of avoidance behaviors, such as reluctance to speak in class or volunteer responses. Although comprehension-related anxiety was less prominent, it still contributed to overall emotional discomfort. The study concluded that psychological barriers—rather than linguistic ability alone—played a central role in limiting student participation in ESL classrooms. The results underscored the need for emotionally supportive teaching strategies and classroom environments that minimize anxiety and encourage active participation. These findings offer critical implications for educators, administrators, and researchers aiming to enhance ESL instruction and reduce affective obstacles to language acquisition.
Commitment and Engagement of Educators: A Multi-Method Approach in the Philippine Cultural Context
No full textDue to the high attrition rates of teachers in private institutions in the Philippines, this multi-method quantitative study aims to investigate the extent of the influence of affective, normative, and continuance commitment to work engagement among professional teachers in private educational institutions. This includes qualitative insights into the cultural values and traits that affect them. A total of 184 samples were collected from professional Filipino teachers in six educational institutions. Multiple linear regression was employed, ensuring all assumptions were met. The results show that affective and normative commitment influence work engagement, while continuance does not. The teachers are primarily engaged and committed due to their interactions with students and colleagues, which are amplified through the Filipino cultural traits and values of kapwa (shared identity), pakikisama (social harmony), utang na loob (debt of appreciation), pakikipagkapwa (social identity), malasakit (care), and bahala na (acceptance of fate). This study explores work engagement and commitment among Filipino professional teachers in the Philippine cultural context, building on the theories of the job demands-resources model, social exchange, and norm reciprocity. Future studies can include novel well-being variables and intervention studies
The Potential of Portable AR in Physics Education: A Study on Student Perceptions
No full textIntegrating portable augmented reality (AR) into physics education has the potential to enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. This study investigates students\u27 perceptions of the appeal and effectiveness of the Traveling Virtual Lab (TVL), a solar-powered AR learning kit designed to improve physics education in the Philippines. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing the "Student Acceptance of Virtual Laboratory questionnaire" adapted from Park (2009). The sample consisted of 58 students, with a balanced gender distribution and a majority at the tertiary-education level. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to address the research questions. The results indicate that students perceive TVL as appealing and effective for learning physics concepts, with mean ratings of 3.9 for both variables. No significant differences were found in perceptions based on gender or grade. This study highlights the potential of portable AR to enhance physics education by providing immersive and interactive experiences that can visualize complex concepts and overcome resource constraints. However, challenges remain, including technological accessibility and the need for training teachers. These findings contribute to the growing body of literature on AR in education and have implications for the development and implementation of virtual laboratory technologies, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Future research should focus on addressing implementation challenges and exploring the long-term impact on student learning outcomes
Resilience and Recovery of Albay’s Food Services in the Post-Pandemic EraAlbay Food Services: Post-Pandemic Recovery
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted the food services sector across the Philippines, with localized industries such as those in Albay Province facing unprecedented challenges. This study examines the recovery dynamics of Albay’s food services sector in the post-pandemic era using a descriptive quantitative approach. Business profiles were analyzed in terms of employee count, capital investment, and modes of operation (dine-in, take-out, delivery, catering), revealing a predominance of micro-enterprises (77.05%) and limited capital resources. Despite minimal government support, food service establishments demonstrated strong resilience through adaptive strategies, most notably, the adoption of advanced digital tools. The study found high uptake of e-commerce platforms (94.26%), online delivery systems (81.97%), and universal implementation of digital payments and marketing strategies (100%). Financial recovery was also bolstered by private loans (24.59%), primarily bank-based. Survey data indicate that businesses achieved full recovery across key dimensions including operational efficiency, customer loyalty, financial stability, and employee retention. These findings show the industry capacity for innovation and adaptation despite the institutional gaps. The study recommends for the continued investment in technology, instruction and assistance using digital tools, and improve online payment systems to sustain the growth and ensure preparedness against the future disruptions
How Far AI Should Go: A Discourse Analysis of the AI-Attributed Ownership in Filipino Online Discourse on Ghiblified Art
No full textThe Studio Ghibli AI trend, an online phenomenon that has sparked a widespread fascination amongst individuals, swept across social media platforms after gaining significant traction on March 26. Grant Slatton, a software engineer later branded as the trendsetter, posted an AI-generated image of him and his wife along with their dog at the beach, rendered in the signature style of Studio Ghibli. The researchers noticed that many scholars have conducted similar research about the use of AI in Ghibli-style art; however, the research results are lacking, and more findings are needed to understand the topic thoroughly. The main objective of this study is to identify the dominant discourse used by the netizens present during the online discussion. Identifying the dominant discourse use will help the researchers understand why netizens use this discourse to gain power through language use. This research will analyse the dominant discourse use found in the comment section, specifically, it analyzes the prevailing discourse patterns in the social media discussion using Harris\u27s (1952) framework; these dominant discourses were analyzed to examine how it is being used to establish power through language use in the comment section. The findings reveal that the dominant discourse presented in the corpora includes: "AI" as a noun (negative), "AI"-related adjectives (as insults), "art" (AI art not being recognized as art), and "artist" (AI prompters not recognized as artists). The findings suggest that many netizens struggle to comprehend the nature of AI and how it is being used today