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Understanding Parental Attitudes toward Vaccination: Comparative Assessment of a New Tool and Its Trial on a Representative Sample in Hungary
Full text linkBackground: Last year’s epidemic experience proved that measurement of vaccine hesitancy is undeniably important. Existing methods for measuring this propensity are still either too specific, concerning a single vaccine, or only describe the general attitude towards vaccination. When a specific, but previously unknown infection and vaccine (such as SARS-CoV2) appear, these limitations are meaningful. Methods: Based on a method used to identify social prejudice, we created a new tool to assess vaccine hesitancy assessment and to study parental attitudes toward existing and non-existing (‘Piresian’) vaccines. After validating it with traditional tools for the measurement of vaccine hesitancy, we used the new tool for the demographic characterisation of different vaccine hesitant parent groups in Hungary. The data collected in 2017 on 430 parents, sorted by type of settlement and by geographic region, are representative of Hungarian households with children aged 0 to 18 years. Results: Our results show that attitudes towards a non-existing (‘Piresian’) vaccine have strong correlations with those towards existing vaccines (p < 0.001). No gender differences in vaccine hesitancy were found using either method. Notably, rejection was significantly higher among parents with low educational levels. Conclusion: The Piresian measurement of vaccine hesitancy offers a simple way to detect vaccine-hesitant groups, reliably quantitating vaccine hesitancy as measured for real vaccinations
Kóros elmeállapot mint büntethetőséget kizáró vagy korlátozó ok a terrorcselekmények tükrében
No full textThe aim of the study is to analyze the possibility of the insanity as ground for total or partial exemption from criminal responsibility in the light of the current terrorist acts, which is based on a recent case in France. In connection with the case, the domestic and international regulation of the insanity will be reviewed and analyzed, with a brief overview of its execution of a sentence. In this context, it can be stated that both the Hungarian and foreign regulations consider it to be ground for total or partial exemption from criminal responsibility if the ability to set off at the time of the commission of the act is limited or excluded. Where appropriate, the decision on the matter, in addition to leading to a conviction or acquittal of the act, also has an impact on enforcement, as it does not matter whether the place of detention is a medical or penitentiary institution. After that, after the general definition of the concept and types of terrorism, the mental disorders that may occur in connection with the mentioned acts and may affect the ability to set off are described. Finally, based on a review of the literature, it can be concluded that insanity as ground for total or partial exemption from criminal responsibility and the application of the relevant legal consequences to perpetrators of terrorist acts is not excluded, but given the complexity of the behavior and the duration of mental disorders fewer illnesses can occur as in the case of other criminal offenses
Digitalizáció szerepe a genetikai vizsgálatokban: döntéstámogató rendszer fejlesztése a hazai genetikai tanácsadás segítésére
Full text linkA genetikai diagnosztikai és szűrővizsgálatok számának gyors növekedése a genetikai tanácsadás gyakorlatának és szabályozásának újragondolását kívánja. A keletkező hatalmas adatmennyiség tárolásával, küldésével kapcsolatos biztonsági szempontok részletes szabályozását is szükségessé teszi. A genetika az egészségügy gyorsan fejlődő területe, komplexitása a közeli jövőben a mesterséges intelligencia segítségét igényli
