Student's Journal of Health Research Africa
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Mobile-First Online Surveys in Africa’s Health Sector: Opportunities and Challenges: Mobile-First Online Surveys in Africa’s Health Sector
No full textThis paper explores the growing adoption of mobile-first online surveys in Africa’s health sector, highlighting their potential to improve data collection in resource-constrained environments. With increasing mobile phone penetration across the continent, mobile-first surveys offer a cost-effective and efficient method for gathering health-related data from diverse populations. This study examines the opportunities presented by mobile-first surveys in reaching underserved communities, improving response rates, and enabling real-time data collection. It also addresses challenges such as digital literacy, network infrastructure, language diversity, and data privacy concerns. The paper concludes with practical recommendations to optimize the use of mobile-first surveys in health research across Africa and identifies key areas for future research
Clinical profiles of adolescents admitted into the intensive care unit at the university college hospital, Ibadan.
No full textBackground & Objectives
The care of the critically ill adolescent in resource-constrained settings such as Nigeria until a few years ago was in the adult ICU (AICU). This care is provided mainly by the adult intensivists with the input from the paediatricians. In the last couple of years, however, paediatric critical care units managed by paediatric intensivists are gradually being established in Nigeria. This study looked at the clinical characteristics of adolescents managed in the adult ICU before the establishment of Paediatric ICU in our centre.
This study was carried out to outline the clinical profiles and outcomes of adolescent patients admitted into the adult ICU.
Methods
This retrospective study was conducted on adolescents admitted over 5 years (2018 to 2022).
Results
The adolescent population comprised 113(38.6%) of the children and adolescents admitted. The male and female distribution was 65.5% and 34.5% respectively. The mean age was 14.3±2.8 years. The commonest indication for admission was post-surgical excision of intracranial tumours (22.1%). Meningitis with raised intracranial pressure accounted for 17.7% and Haemoglobinopathy with complications (Sepsis, Acute Chest Syndrome, Shock) constituted 10.6%. A third of the adolescent population required ventilation. Amongst ventilated patients, mortality was recorded in 44.1%. Mortality was significantly higher in ventilated than non-ventilated patients (p=0.01). The overall mortality rate was 36.3%.
Conclusion
The provision of critical care to the adolescent population is important, especially amongst those who require ventilatory support as they are at high risk of mortality
A CROSS-SECTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF LAND USE PRACTICES ON WATER QUALITY AND ECOSYSTEM HEALTH IN THE PALMIET RIVER, DURBAN, KWAZULU-NATAL.
Get PDFIntroductionThe Palmiet River in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, is a vital watercourse that historically supported rich biodiversity and provided essential resources for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use. However, increasing pollution from anthropogenic land-use practices threatens its ecological integrity and socioeconomic value. This study aimed to assess the extent and impact of pollution on the water quality, biodiversity, and socio-economic sustainability of the Palmiet River.
MethodologyA cross-sectional mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques. Water samples were collected from ten sites along the river and analysed for physicochemical (e.g., pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrates, phosphates, heavy metals) and biological (E. coli) parameters. GIS mapping was used to assess land use patterns, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 stakeholders, including residents, municipal officials, and environmental practitioners.
ResultsStatistical analysis revealed that water quality parameters in urban and industrial areas exceeded permissible limits. Nitrate concentrations ranged from 5.4 to 18.7 mg/L (mean: 12.1 mg/L), while phosphate levels averaged 4.3 mg/L, indicating eutrophication risk. Heavy metals such as lead and zinc were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in industrial zones. Microbial contamination was severe near informal settlements, with E. coli counts exceeding 2000 CFU/100mL. Biodiversity assessments indicated a decline in sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa in polluted sites. Interview data underscored socio-economic consequences, including health concerns, restricted water use, and loss of livelihood for small-scale farmers.
ConclusionPollution from urban, industrial, and agricultural activities is severely impacting the ecological health and socio-economic functions of the Palmiet River. The dynamic influence of rainfall and land use exacerbates these effects.
RecommendationsUrgent interventions are needed, including stricter regulation of industrial discharges, promotion of sustainable farming practices, improved sanitation in informal settlements, effective stormwater management, and community-based river monitoring. These measures are critical for restoring ecosystem health and enhancing sustainable urban water governance
AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE DISPARITY BETWEEN LECTURERS' USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN TEACHING AND STUDENTS' DIGITAL COMPETENCE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL CASE STUDY OF THE BACHELOR OF APPLIED SCIENCE PROGRAM AT MANGOSUTHU UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY.
Get PDFBackground
This study investigates the disparity in technological proficiency between lecturers and students in the Bachelor of Applied Science program at Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT), focusing on its impact on teaching effectiveness and student engagement.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys and semi-structured interviews. The study included 80 participants, 60 students, and 20 lecturers from the Faculty of Natural Sciences. It examined levels of digital literacy, access to technology, and perceptions of technology-enhanced learning. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative responses underwent thematic analysis.
Results
Findings revealed a significant digital proficiency gap between students and lecturers. Most students (60%) were aged 18–24, with 85% reporting high familiarity with digital tools such as Google Workspace, Moodle, and mobile apps. In contrast, lecturers, predominantly aged 45 and above, showed limited digital confidence, with only 40% comfortable using tools beyond PowerPoint and email. Students primarily accessed learning content via mobile devices, while lecturers favored traditional teaching methods with minimal technology integration. Qualitative insights highlighted limited training and institutional support as key barriers for lecturers, while students expressed frustration with the lack of interactive digital learning. These results point to a generational and infrastructural divide that hampers effective technology-enhanced teaching.
Conclusion
The disparity in digital competence between lecturers and students impedes the successful implementation of digital learning within the program. Bridging this gap is essential for inclusive, effective, and future-ready higher education.
Recommendations
MUT should introduce compulsory digital literacy training for lecturers, strengthen technical support systems, and adopt blended learning strategies. Further research is recommended to explore policy-level reforms that can drive sustainable digital integration in higher education
Effect of habitual music listening on attention, learning, and memory: An observational cross-sectional study among students in vijayawada.
Get PDFBackground
Music has long been considered a tool for enhancing focus and cognitive performance, yet its effects on academic performance, particularly attention, learning, and memory, are still debated. This study explores the habituation of listening to music during study sessions among students in Vijayawada and evaluates its influence on academic engagement and cognitive function.
Objective
To determine the prevalence of listening to music while studying and assess its perceived impact on attention, learning, and memory.
Methods
An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among 142 undergraduate students aged 18–30 from various colleges around Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada. The sample included 58.5% females and 41.5% males. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire comprising multiple-choice questions regarding music preferences, reasons for listening to music, and its perceived effects on academic tasks. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis, and findings were presented in tables and charts.
Results
Most (92.3%) of students reported listening to music while studying, with 46.8% stating it improved concentration. Bollywood music was the most preferred genre (70%), and music was most often used during assignments (65%) and least favorite subjects (67.3%). About 79% felt that music helped relax their brain, and 39% reported extended study time with music. Moderate volume and speed were preferred by 63.6% of students.
Conclusion
Listening to music while studying is a prevalent practice among students, with most reporting positive effects on concentration, learning, and motivation. Music may be an effective cognitive aid, particularly during monotonous academic tasks.
Recommendations
Based on the findings, it is recommended that educational institutions consider integrating music as a potential tool for improving student focus and engagement during study sessions
Sand as a catalyst for community innovation and sustainable development in Ezakheleni informal settlement, Umlazi, South Africa: A cross-sectional study.
Get PDFBackgroundThe use of natural resources, such as sand, is traditionally associated with large-scale industries like construction and manufacturing. However, its potential to drive local business innovation and sustainable development remains underexplored, particularly within South Africa’s pursuit of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aimed to investigate how sand-based entrepreneurship can promote community-driven sustainable development and contribute to achieving SDG-aligned outcomes.
MethodsA mixed-methods approach was adopted. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews with 45 local entrepreneurs and community leaders across four South African provinces. Quantitative data were obtained by analysing 60 sand-based business ventures, focusing on income generation, employment creation, and contribution to SDG targets. Data were analysed using thematic analysis for qualitative findings and descriptive statistics for quantitative data.
ResultsQuantitative findings showed that 67% of the businesses reported income growth of over 30% within two years of operation, while 58% generated permanent employment for 3 to 7 local workers per venture. Additionally, 72% of the businesses reported alignment with SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and 64% supported SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Qualitative insights revealed that integrating traditional knowledge with eco-friendly innovation enhanced both resilience and market appeal. Community participants reported that such ventures contributed not only to income but also to broader social cohesion and local empowerment.
ConclusionWhen utilized through innovative and sustainable approaches, sand-based community enterprises can significantly advance local economic development and contribute to South Africa’s SDG commitments.
RecommendationsPolicymakers should support sand-based entrepreneurship through funding, training, and regulatory frameworks that promote sustainable resource use. Partnerships between government, academia, and communities are essential to unlocking the full potential of natural resources for inclusive development
Clinical outcomes of lichtenstein's tension-free inguinal hernioplasty under local anesthesia: A prospective study.
Get PDFBackground
A portion of a viscus protruding through the inguinal canal is commonly referred to as an inguinal hernia. Types of hernias that are inguinal, that is, either direct or indirect, were distinguished by Casper Stromayr in 1559. However, in terms of contemporary surgical biology, hernia of the inguinal is termed to be useless in terms of direct or indirect distinction because only traction or removal of the inferior epigastric arteries can change one into the other.
Objectives
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical results of local anesthesia-assisted Lichtenstein's tension-free inguinal hernioplasty.
Materials and Methods
A prospective investigation was conducted. At the Mata Gujri Memorial Medical College and Lions Seva Kendra Hospital, Kishanganj, Bihar, India, the study was carried out. It has been conducted for 18 months. A total of sixty patients were included in the research. Participants in the study were chosen from the General Surgery Outpatient Department's inguinal hernia wards. Not all instances of strangulated and blocked hernias were included.
Results
Four patients (6.67%) had retention or urine, two patients (3.33%) had infection, four patients (6.67%) had seroma, one patient (1.67%) had hematoma, two patients (3.33%) had scrotal enlargement, and two patients (3.33%) had induration. A visual analog scale was used to carefully assess pain severity and classify it as mild, if the score ranges between 0 to 3, moderate if the score ranges between 4 to 5, and severe if the score ranges from 6–10.
Conclusion
According to the study's findings, the techniques used for tension-free Lichtenstein's inguinal hernioplasty under anesthesia that is local are safe, easy, cost-effective, and devoid of adverse effects such as spinal headaches, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and retention of urine.
Recommendations
Future research may also be carried out to clarify the results for a larger population
A Prospective cohort study on cellulitis in adult patients with analysis of the factors related to the response to treatment.
Get PDFBackground
The hallmarks of cellulitis include heated, red, and swollen purulent or non-purulent skin patches that can develop into more serious issues like sepsis and lymphedema. Cellulitis can strike anyone at any age, but it is more frequent in middle-aged and older people, with a small male preponderance.
Objectives- The goal of this research is to clarify the many factors that affect how well cellulitis treatments work.
Materials and methods
Patients with cellulitis diagnosed between May 2022 and April 2023 were the subjects of this prospective observational study, which was carried out at the Department of General Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS), Patna, India. The study included 100 individuals in total.
Results
Among 100 patients with cellulitis, factors such as age ≥65 years, diabetes, leg and foot location, and abscess formation were significantly associated with poor treatment response. Abscess formation showed the strongest association, with a nearly threefold higher risk (OR: 2.8, p<0.05). Imaging findings like venous insufficiency also predicted poor outcomes. The logistic regression model demonstrated good predictive accuracy with an AUC of 0.77.
Conclusion
The significance of a thorough strategy that takes into account patient demographics, co-morbidities, clinical characteristics, microbiological variables, and imaging results when customizing treatment for cellulitis is highlighted by this study. It emphasizes how important focused interventions are to enhancing treatment results, particularly for high-risk patients.
Recommendation
Multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to validate these findings and improve generalizability
Association Between Diabetes and Cancer Risk: A Rapid Review of Cohort Studies Published Since 2013 to 2024.
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Diabetes mellitus (DM) and cancer are two prevalent and debilitating health conditions worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that diabetes not only increases the risk of developing various cancers but may also worsen cancer progression and complicate treatment outcomes. This rapid review evaluates existing cohort studies that investigate the progression from diabetes to cancer, with a focus on identifying key factors that potentially influence cancer development in diabetic patients.
Methods
25 cohort studies from 2013-2024 sourced from Google Scholar, including prospective, retrospective, and clinical studies examining the relative risk of various cancers in diabetic populations were reviewed. The quantitative cancer risk analyses conducted on people with diabetes in these studies were also reviewed. Studies that did not report risk estimates and studies with cross-sectional or case-control designs were excluded.
Results
The review showed a gradual increase in the number of studies investigating the relationship between diabetes and cancer, with the highest proportion conducted between 2021 (16%) and 2023 (12%). Findings revealed an association of Type 2 DM (T2DM) with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer (OR = 2.50) and colorectal cancer in men (HR = 1.42). Standardized risk ratios (SRR) revealed stronger associations of T2DM with certain cancers, including endometrial cancer (SRR = 1.81).
Conclusion
When compared with Type 1 DM, T2DM is associated with a higher risk of cancer including pancreatic, colorectal, endometrial, and breast cancers. Obesity, glycaemic control, disease duration, and the effects of therapeutic treatment have been highlighted as factors that contribute to this increased risk. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of tailored approaches to cancer risk management in diabetes patients, considering gender, region, and treatment techniques.
Recommendations
Future research should investigate the link between diabetes and cancer, emphasizing underexplored cancer types, diabetes medications, gender, region, and socioeconomic status to enhance cancer prevention in diabetic populations
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE PREVALENCE OF MALARIA AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE ATTENDING HEALTH CARE AT KATABI HEALTH CENTRE III, ENTEBBE MUNICIPALITY. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
Get PDFBackground.
Malaria is an urgent health priority; its treatment traps families in a cycle of illness, suffering, and poverty. This study aimed to assess the factors contributing to the prevalence of malaria among children under five years attending health care at Katabi Health Center III, Entebbe municipality.
Methodology.
A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used, and semi-structured questionnaires were employed with statistical logistics to identify factors associated with the prevalence of malaria among children under five years.
Results
92(61.3%) were Females, 37.3% of the participants were 25-34 years, 71(47.3%) were married, and 40% (60/150) of children tested positive for malaria. Statistically, caregivers with low education level (x2=13.405, p=0.004), religion (x2=9.963, p=0.019), drainage system (x2=9.040,p=0.003), cleared bush around homes (x2=4.714,p=0.029), staying close/far from swamp (x2=9.886, p=0.002) and altitude (x2=13.504, p=0.0002) had statistical significance in association with malaria prevalence. But also, caregivers who didn’t take their children to the health facility when sick (x2=10.155, p=0.017) and household factors like type of house (x2=11.866, p=0.003), preventive measures for mosquito bites (x2=10.155, p=0.017) and source of light used played a significant association with malaria prevalence in the under-fives.
Conclusion.
The Prevalence of malaria was high, and this was influenced by the level of education, religion, drainage system at home, bush around homes, and closeness to the swamp.
Recommendation.
The Ministry of Health should facilitate more studies in different areas on malaria prevalence, health education to caregivers, municipal administrators organizing meetings with plot owners, and government to reduce electricity generation costs in people’s homes to increase lighting