Student's Journal of Health Research Africa
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Factors associated with the prevalence of intestinal soil-transmitted helminth infections among children under 10 years attending Kabanga Health Centre III in Mukono district. A cross-sectional study.
Get PDFBackgroundIntestinal soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections continue to pose a major public health challenge among children under 10 years in resource-limited settings. This study examined the prevalence and related socio-demographic, environmental, and behavioral factors affecting STH infections among children attending Kabanga Health Centre III in Mukono District, Uganda.
MethodsA cross-sectional study of 257 children under 10 collected data via questionnaires, observations, and lab records. Variables included age, sex, parental education, water, sanitation, and hygiene practices. Prevalence was calculated and findings interpreted through descriptive and comparative analyses.
ResultsThe overall STH infection prevalence was 25.7%, highest among children 4–7 years (32.1%) and males (33%). Children of uneducated parents had the highest burden (66.7%), showing a strong link between parental education and child health. Socioeconomic activities like farming and fishing increased exposure. Water and hygiene practices were poor: only 26% boiled water, 74% treated water inconsistently, and 81% lacked soap. Sanitation was poor, with 27% practicing open defecation and only 23% using improved latrines. Food hygiene was inadequate: 38% ate unwashed raw fruits or salads, increasing exposure risks.
ConclusionSTH infections in Kabanga are moderately common, with risk factors deeply tied to social and economic disparities, poor hygiene infrastructure, and behavioral habits. Despite deworming programs, reinfection remains frequent due to ongoing environmental exposure and lack of sanitation. Tackling these issues through combined WASH initiatives, health education, and policy changes is essential for effective STH control.
RecommendationsMultisectoral approaches are essential to improve latrine access, promote safe water treatment, and establish handwashing facilities with soap. Community awareness and regular deworming every six months should be reinforced. At the policy level, WASH components must be integrated into school and health center-based deworming programs, with ongoing monitoring of sanitation coverage at the sub-county level
Assessing the effect of selected cleaning agents (jik, ethanol and liquid soap) on isolated nosocomial organisms at Bukewa health centre III Manafwa district. A cross-sectional study.
Get PDFBackground
Hospital-acquired infections are significant reasons for increased morbidity and mortality, and even costs. This study assessed the effect of selected cleaning agents (Jik, Ethanol, and Liquid soap) on isolated nosocomial organisms at Bukewa Health Centre III Manafwa District
Methodology
A cross-sectional, laboratory-based study was conducted. Swabs were taken from environmental surfaces, and a total of 112 environmental swabs were collected from within the health facility. The swabs were cultured to isolate nosocomial organisms and characterized using standard microbiological techniques (Gram stain, biochemistry tests) to identify isolates. The cleaning agents were then applied onto the contaminated surfaces to determine if Jik, ethanol, and liquid soap reduced the CFU of each organism. The pre- and post-treatment CFU were compared for percentage reduction. The data that was collected was entered and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2013.
Results
The four nosocomial organisms identified were Staphylococcus aureus (37.0%), Escherichia coli (27.2%), Enterococcus faecalis (19.6%), and Proteus mirabilis (16.3%), respectively. In the cross-comparison among disinfecting agents, Jik had the highest total antimicrobial effectiveness, with a CFU reduction of 90% or higher for all isolates. Ethanol had moderate effectiveness (78% - 86.7%), and liquid soap had the lowest effectiveness of each disinfecting agent, with percentage reductions of 56.7% to 64.8%. The cross-comparison demonstrated that Jik was the only and most effective agent for all organisms compared.
Conclusion
Jik is the most effective disinfectant against common nosocomial organisms isolated from Bukewa Health Center III. Revisions in cleaning protocols should emphasize, where applicable, their use for infection prevention and control purposes.
Recommendations
Health care and cleaning staff with infection prevention and control responsibilities must receive continual training about disinfecting procedures that include dilution, contact time, and frequency of use specific to each cleaner.
The nature of student outreach projects related to community engagement in an emergency medical care context.
Get PDFBackground:
Community outreach within the context of emergency medical care education plays a salient role in enhancing community health outcomes and improving healthcare access within marginalized communities. This study explored the potential of outreach to strengthen both paramedic students' understanding of health and social issues in the Western Cape.
Method:
Using a qualitative research approach, the study sought the views and experiences of academics in the Western Cape. This study further employed an exploratory, descriptive qualitative research methodology. The study used purposive sampling to collect data. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions, and was analysed using thematic analysis.
Results:
The study found that through community outreach, paramedic students had the opportunity to grasp the real-world problems within their communities, whilst communities were able to benefit mutually from their interventions. Five main themes emerged from the data. Namely: students working collaboratively in communities; the nature of outreach activities implemented by students; potential outreach programs for health science students; learning within communities through student outreach projects; and the benefits of student engagement.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrated how outreach served as a mechanism to promote health care while improving graduate traits of social responsibility within the paramedic profession. Furthermore, community engagement programs can help to create beneficial changes in the community.
Recommendation:
There is a need to further investigate collaborations and partnerships in emergency medical care among higher education institutions, academics, community stakeholders, NPOs, EMS, and government agencies, focusing on how these alliances generate mutual benefits and contribute to improved health outcomes
Assessment of Prevalence of Obesity with associated risk factors among school-going children attending a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal: A cross-sectional study.
Get PDFBackground
Childhood obesity is a growing public-health concern, driven by rapid lifestyle transitions and environmental factors. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity and identify associated risk factors among school-going children attending a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 children aged 6–12 years at Malda Medical College from July 2023 to June 2024. Anthropometric measurements were obtained, and BMI-for-age was interpreted using WHO and CDC references. Sociodemographic data, dietary habits, physical activity, screen-time patterns, sleep duration, and family history were assessed using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 21.0, applying Chi-square tests with p < 0.05 as significant.
Results
According to the WHO BMI-for-age criteria, 15% of children were obese and 20% overweight; CDC charts classified 14.3% as obese and 17.7% as overweight. The mean age was 9.1 years, with boys comprising 52% of participants. Most children belonged to middle or upper-middle socioeconomic strata. Obesity was significantly higher among boys (19.9%) than girls (10.4%). Inadequate physical activity (<60 minutes/day) and excessive screen time (>2 hours/day) were strongly associated with obesity (p < 0.05). Frequent fast-food intake, upper socioeconomic status, higher skinfold thickness, and positive family history were key contributors. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months showed a protective effect. Common comorbidities observed among obese children included hypothyroidism, fatty liver, hypertension, asthma, and dyslipidaemia.
Conclusion
Childhood obesity in this setting is closely linked to modifiable lifestyle factors, particularly limited physical activity, excessive screen exposure, and high-calorie dietary patterns. Early identification and targeted interventions are essential to prevent long-term metabolic risks.
Recommendations
Strengthening school- and community-based programmes that promote daily physical activity, balanced diets, reduced screen time, and parental involvement is crucial
Anthropometric study of hand length and its correlation with stature in an adult population: A cross-sectional study.
Get PDFBackground:Anthropometric indicators such as hand length play a valuable role in estimating stature when complete body measurements are unavailable, particularly in forensic identification, emergency settings, and anthropological profiling.
Objectives:To measure hand length among adults and examine its correlation with stature, and to develop a regression equation for height estimation in the study population.
Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 healthy adults aged 18–45 years. Stature was measured using a stadiometer, and hand length was recorded bilaterally using a standard sliding caliper. Mean values for both hands were used for analysis. Participants were categorized into stature groups for comparative evaluation. Pearson’s correlation assessed the relationship between hand length and stature, while linear regression generated a predictive equation. Results were stratified by sex to examine variability across gender.
Results:The mean stature of the participants was 165.4 ± 8.2 cm, whereas the mean hand length measured 18.7 ± 1.2 cm. Males exhibited higher values for both parameters compared with females. A consistent rise in hand length was observed across increasing stature categories. Pearson’s correlation demonstrated a strong positive association between hand length and stature in the total sample (r = 0.71, p < 0.001). Correlation values remained significant among males (r = 0.68) and females (r = 0.63). Linear regression identified hand length as a significant predictor of stature, yielding the equation: Stature (cm) = 54.12 + 5.94 × Hand Length (cm) with an R² of 0.51.
Conclusion:Hand length shows a robust linear relationship with stature and can serve as a practical parameter for height estimation in adults. The regression model developed in this study provides a reliable reference for clinical, forensic, and anthropological use.
Recommendations:Further studies with larger, multi-center samples and inclusion of additional limb anthropometric markers are recommended to enhance predictive accuracy
Unlocking the therapeutic potential of Agapanthus Africanus (L.) Hoffmanns: A systematic review of a salt-tolerant medicinal plant with potential healing properties.
Get PDFIntroduction Agapanthus africanus, commonly known as the African Lily, is a salt-tolerant plant native to South Africa’s coastal regions and has long been used in traditional African medicine for treating various ailments. This review aims to synthesize current ethnobotanical and scientific knowledge on A. africanus, focusing on its traditional uses, phytochemical composition, pharmacological potential, salt stress tolerance, and ecological adaptability.
MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and other academic databases. The search was limited to English-language publications from the past decade. A total of 82 records were identified, of which 63 studies met the inclusion criteria for quality and relevance.
ResultsThe plant is traditionally used to manage pregnancy-related conditions, respiratory issues, infections, and inflammatory diseases. Phytochemical analysis reveals bioactive compounds such as saponins, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, which contribute to its antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and CNS-modulating properties. Emerging evidence suggests additional roles in managing hypertension and depression through ACE and serotonin reuptake inhibition. Conservation concerns are rising due to habitat degradation; although not formally assessed by the IUCN, some subspecies are locally protected in South Africa.
ConclusionWith its therapeutic potential and natural adaptation to saline environments, A. africanus presents a promising candidate for eco-friendly pharmaceutical development and sustainable agriculture. Realizing this potential requires interdisciplinary research integrating ecology, pharmacology, horticulture, and indigenous knowledge systems to support both conservation and utilization.
RecommendationsFuture research should prioritize the development of standardized extraction techniques and dosing guidelines to enhance repeatability and facilitate the clinical translation of these findings. In vivo and clinical trials will be conducted to validate the pharmacological claims that are now supported by in vitro and ethnobotanical evidence. Ecological monitoring and conservation assessments, with a focus on habitat fragmentation and the implications of climate change
Comparative study of gluteal faciocutaneous rotational flaps and myocutaneous flap for treatment of sacral pressure ulcer- A cross-sectional study.
Get PDFBackground
Pressure ulcers, particularly sacral ulcers, are a major problem in immobilized patients, requiring effective surgical reconstruction. Gluteal fasciocutaneous (FC) and myocutaneous (MC) flaps are widely used but differ in complexity, durability, and complication rates. This study compares the outcomes of both techniques to guide surgical decision-making.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was carried out from March 2023 to October 2024 at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Patna. Thirty-nine patients with Stage III/IV sacral pressure ulcers were included and divided into two groups (FC = 18; MC = 21). Preoperative assessment, standardized surgical techniques, and postoperative care were applied. Operative time, healing duration, blood loss, complications, and recurrence.
Results
The mean age was slightly higher in the fasciocutaneous flap group (57.16 ± 12.14 years) compared to the myocutaneous flap group (53.71 ± 14.38 years), though not significant (p = 0.594). The distribution of patients aged ≥61 years was identical in both groups (55.6%). Operative time and healing duration were similar, but blood loss was significantly lower in the FC group (p = 0.001). The MC group had zero recurrence with a short follow of 6 months, while FC showed a 23.5% recurrence rate (p = 0.036). Postoperative complications were minimal and statistically nonsignificant across groups.
Conclusion
This prospective cohort study demonstrated that both gluteal fasciocutaneous and myocutaneous flaps are viable options for the surgical management of sacral pressure ulcers, offering comparable safety and healing outcomes. Myocutaneous flaps demonstrated superior long-term durability, while fasciocutaneous flaps offered lower blood loss and ease of reuse.
Recommendations
As this was a short-term study, further research is needed with a longitudinal study design and a larger sample to achieve more definitive results
Observational assessment of anatomical variations of the appendix and their surgical relevance in complicated appendicitis cases. A cross-sectional study.
Get PDFBackgroundAnatomical variations in the position of the appendix may influence the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and surgical outcomes of complicated appendicitis. Accurate knowledge of these variations is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes.
Objectives
To assess the anatomical variations of the vermiform appendix and analyze their association with surgical findings and complications in patients with complicated appendicitis.
Methods
This observational study was conducted on 100 patients diagnosed intraoperatively with complicated appendicitis at a tertiary care hospital. Patient demographics, type of complication, appendix position, intraoperative difficulties, and histopathological findings were recorded. Data were presented using descriptive statistics and tabulated.
Results
The mean age of patients was 28.6 ± 10.4 years; 64% were male. Perforated appendix (39%) and appendicular abscess (27%) were the most frequent complications. Retrocecal position was the most common anatomical variant (48%), followed by pelvic (24%) and subcecal (12%). Atypical appendix positions (post-ileal and pre-ileal) were associated with delayed diagnosis, increased operative time (mean: 68.2 ± 12.7 minutes), and higher conversion rates to open surgery (39.3%). Histopathology confirmed transmural inflammation in 86% and gangrenous changes in 14% of cases.
Conclusion
Anatomical variations in appendix position significantly influence the severity and type of complications in appendicitis. Retrocecal and pelvic positions were most common and often associated with perforation and abscess formation, respectively. Awareness of these variations is essential for prompt diagnosis and optimal surgical management in complicated cases.
Recommendations
Preoperative imaging and intraoperative vigilance are recommended to anticipate anatomical variation and reduce surgical morbidity and delay
Determinants of low birth weight among newborns: maternal and health-related factors at China Uganda Friendship Hospital, Naguru. A cross-sectional study.
Get PDFBackground:
In Uganda, the prevalence of LBW is estimated at 33.5% suggesting that approximately 4 in 10 infants are born with a low birth weight. The purpose of this study was to assess the determinants of low birth weight among newborns, focusing on maternal and health-related factors at China-Uganda Friendship Hospital, Naguru, Kampala District.
Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional study design employing a quantitative method was used. In three days, 32 mothers were sampled using a simple random sampling technique and a structured questionnaire. The data were then analyzed using the Office (2010) programs and presented in the form of tables, graphs, and pie charts.
Results:
Out of the 32 respondents, nearly half (46.9%) were aged 20 to 34 years, and more than half (56.3%) had attained secondary school education. Concerning maternal-related factors, the majority (71.9%) visited antenatal care fewer than four times, and (62.5%) used drug substances during pregnancy. More than half (56.3%) found care to be a bit expensive at the health facilities, (62.5%) said the facility was very far and tiresome to reach, and most (71.9%) started ANC between 4 and 6 months. Additionally, more than half (56.3%) of participants reported that health workers were sometimes kind.
Conclusion:
Several maternal factors, including experience of illnesses during pregnancy, inadequate ANC attendance, substance use, and prolonged standing while pregnant, were associated with the occurrence of low birth weight.
Recommendation:
There is a need to strengthen community sensitization and health education campaigns on the importance of early and regular antenatal care, proper nutrition, and family planning to prevent unplanned pregnancies and reduce maternal complications associated with low birth weight.
Supervising in the digital shadows: language, technology, and emotional labor in postgraduate education: A qualitative case study.
Get PDFBackgroundPostgraduate supervision is a cornerstone of academic success; yet, it has become increasingly complex in the digital era. In multilingual and resource-constrained contexts such as South Africa, the intersection of language barriers, technological limitations, and emotional labour complicates supervisory relationships. These challenges often lead to miscommunication, psychological strain, and a decline in academic progress. This study explored the lived experiences of postgraduate students, supervisors, and programme coordinators in navigating digital supervision, focusing on identifying challenges and opportunities for improved practice.
MethodsThis qualitative case study was conducted between January and March 2024 at two South African public universities. A purposive sample of 54 participants was selected, comprising 44 postgraduate students (28 master’s, 16 doctoral), 6 academic supervisors, and 4 programme coordinators. Data collection involved 18 semi-structured interviews and two virtual focus groups. Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis was applied, with triangulation across participant groups to enhance credibility.
ResultsParticipants included 20 males and 34 females, aged 25–52 years (mean = 36 years). Three key themes emerged. First, language barriers hindered effective feedback, as students with limited academic English proficiency struggled to express ideas clearly. Second, emotional labour was reported by both groups: supervisors experienced digital fatigue, while students reported isolation, anxiety, and frustration. Third, digital inequalities such as poor connectivity and low digital literacy exacerbated power imbalances, leaving students hesitant to engage fully with their supervisors.
ConclusionDigital supervision, though flexible, intensifies existing challenges related to language, emotional well-being, and technology. Without adequate institutional support, both supervisors and students face heightened stress and reduced academic outcomes.
RecommendationsInstitutions should provide structured writing support, digital supervision training, equitable infrastructure, and wellness systems to strengthen postgraduate supervision in online and hybrid environments