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Does Mayors’ Social Capital Increase Local Governments’ Performance? : Quantitative Analyses of 300 Local Governments Survey in the Philippines
Get PDFThis article examines whether mayors’ social capital increases local governments’ performance. Putnam suggests that politicians’ social networks with residents may deteriorate political transparency and thus decrease performance. However, no direct relationships have been clarified. So, we focus on the Philippines as a case and conduct a survey on national representative 300 cities and municipalities in 2011. We find that (1) by distributions, among three indexes of performance as dependent variables, valuing fundamentals of governance have the highest scores. Social governance and administrative governance follow. Among mayors’ networks as independent variables, mayors meet residents most, and local politicians, provincial politicians, and the central government officers follow. (2) By regression analyses, meeting residents promotes social governance, while meeting central government officers increases administrative governance. Multi-level analyses support these results. Therefore, mayors’ social capital increases local governments’ performance. Yet different social capital promotes different performance.departmental bulletin pape
A Preliminary Study on the Earthenware Written in“ 奉”“本”“夲”with Ink in Ancient Japan
Get PDFThis paper collects earthenware with ink inscription of “ 奉” and “ 本”, and analyses the characteristics of ruins from which the ink writing earthenware was excavated. Earthenware with ink inscription of “本” is often excavated. According to Minami HIRAKAWA’s research, this “ 本” is an abbreviation of “ 奉”. Putting these earthenware together and reviewing it, we would come to conclusions below. Firstly, these earthenware is excavated mainly in eastern Japan, but it is also found on a nationwide scale. Secondly, we can basically confirm that these earthenware was made in the late 8th century. And it was used in the Heijokyo Capital, then it spread to various areas. Thirdly, we can see the extensive influence of the earthenware as it has not only been excavated from remains of Kokuhu (provincial capital) and Kokubunji (provincial monastery), but also been found in the ruins of local government offices at township level and common villages. On the other hand, as the same kind of abbreviation can also be seen on the ink writing earthenware that excavated of Silla, we assume that the ritual form of using these earthenware had been brought into Japan from Silla in the 8th century.departmental bulletin pape
An Addendum to the Notes on Simply Dynamical Models for Economic Studies
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Effect of Demographic Factors on Satisfaction of Non-Regular Employees : Focusing on the financial burden of a household
Get PDFNon-regular employees account for more than one third of total employees in Japan. This study investigates how the financial burden of a household influences the work-related satisfaction of non-regular employees, using data collected from 9,790 working persons in the Tokyo metropolitan area. The results show that the effect of a head of a household factor on work-related satisfaction is different depending on gender. While this factor does not produce a significant difference between the satisfaction of regular and non-regular male employees, it is an influential factor for female employees. Analysis of married employees revealed that one’s own annual income has a significant effect on regular employees’ satisfaction, and that the annual income of one’s spouse significantly influences non-regular employees’ satisfaction.departmental bulletin pape
Law v. History : Who Possesses Khao Phra Vihan / Temple of Preah Vihear?
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U.S. Trade Policy : Politics of Free Trade Agreement and Trans-Pacific Partnership
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Beauty and Social Inequality : How Do Looks Aff ect Career Formation, Family Formation, and Social Psychology?
Get PDFこの論文では、人びとの容姿がキャリア形成、家族形成、心理にどう影響するのかを分析することで、社会的不平等における容姿（ルックス、身体的魅力）の役割を解明する。そこで、人びとは美容資本に時間や労力を人的資本として自分に投資し、地位達成の向上などで回収すると仮定した。エビデンスとして、ランダムサンプリング調査を実施してデータ収集した（有効回収数297人、有効回収率60.9%）。20 歳時の容姿（とくに顔）について、1下から10上の10段階で、主観的評価を測定した。分析の結果、以下が分かった。（1）容姿の分布は、男女ともにランク5と7～8の二山をもった。男女で分布に違いはなかった。（2）容姿の規定要因では、性別による違いはなかった。（3）容姿の帰結では、容姿がよいと、役職につきやすく、所得が増えた（所得は男性のみ）。多くの人から告白され、交際人数や結婚のチャンスや子どもの数が増えた。さらに、高い階層にいると感じ、自信があり、幸福だった（幸福は男性のみ）。（4）このように、男性ほど容姿の影響が強かった。これは、男性のほうが美容資本への投資が不均等なため、容姿が社会的不平等につながりやすいからかもしれない。以上から、容姿はライフチャンスを拡大させたり制約しうる。この点で、容姿は社会的不平等の一要因といえよう。departmental bulletin pape
Postwar Japanese language planning Overview
Get PDF戦後、日本は70 年の間、一連の言語計画をうち立ててきた。その歩みの中で、「国語審議会」（2001年から文部科学省「文化審議会国語分科会」）が主導的な役割を果たしてきた。なお、1970年代以後、「国際交流基金」、「日本語教育振興協会」など、政府系および半官半民か民間の組織も多数立ち上げられ、言語政策の企画推進と実施に加わり、それぞれ異なる役割をはたしながら連携しているような体系をなしてきた。その実態についてはすでに数多くの研究があったが、本文では時間軸に沿って、「国語審議会」を中心に、これら組織の活動を整理したうえで、日本の言語計画の特徴を東アジアというバックグランドにおける意味を探ってみた。これにより、東アジア言語思想史という視座を生かしながら、アジア地域諸国の言語政策比較研究を試みる地ならしとしたいと考えている。 In the past 70 years after the world war II , Japan has established a series of signifi cant national language planning. The Japanese Language Council or Council for Cultural Aff airs is a leading role in examining and establishing the language policy. The institutions such as The Japan Foundation, Association for the Promotion of Japanese Language Education are also involved in the implementation of the language planning. All of these institutions cooperate with each other, devoting to building up the network of the language planning of Japan. According to the diff erence of nature of work, this paper will introduce the general situation of the Japanese national language planning in the past 70 years in chronological order, and analyses its characteristics in brief.departmental bulletin pape
