VGTU Journals (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University - Vilnius Tech)
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Is fraud detection feasible without training data? Testing an expert-based approach
No full textWe aim to derive a fraud detection approach applicable to conditions where historical fraud data is absent, inadequate, or outdated for making predictions. To this end, we propose a new approach to fraud detection based on expert opinion, enabling tailored tools for various conditions of economic/institutional environments. For this, we determined the relative importance of common fraud indicators based on a widely used model in the literature. We then used this information to formulate a scoring alternative to conventional versions, which uses either the original coefficients or the coefficients obtained from training the model. Finally, these scoring alternatives were compared by their detection performances. The design of this research demanded a multifaceted dataset consisting of expert opinions, financial statement data of non-financial companies in the Istanbul Stock Exchange, and local regulatory authority’s notifications on fraudulent companies. The analysis of the detection performances indicates that the proposed alternative scoring method poses a feasible alternative with competitive performance and fewer data requirements. This research’s approach sidesteps the training data requirement and provides financial analysts, auditors, and regulatory bodies a versatile classifier for various use cases regarding financial data, such as detecting fraudulent financial activity, as demonstrated in this study
Geodetic monitoring of landslide processes in coastal territories
No full textThe study is devoted to the methodology and features of geodetic monitoring of territories to provide analytical and predictive information regarding predicting the danger of coastal strip landslide processes. The causes, consequences, and risks of the development of landslide processes are analysed. The purpose of the study was to justify the need and to consider the methodology of stable high-precision observations of the coastal fortification structure, to identify the zone of active landslides, and to provide suggestions regarding the features and conditions of further observations. To conduct direct observations, it was necessary to lay benchmarks on the territory of the research object. The method using GNSS technologies was chosen for determining the coordinates of benchmarks at the research object. The advantages of using GNSS equipment for monitoring slope deformations compared to traditional geodetic methods have been determined. To achieve the maximum accuracy of measurements, it was decided to install a constantly operating satellite station of the “System.NET” network directly in the work area. During the study period, 33 geodetic soil benchmarks and 53 benchmarks were installed on the coastal fortification structure in the coastal zone. In combination with the methods of geodetic observations, such a density and distribution of benchmarks both in the soil and on the coastal fortification structure made it possible to obtain accurate data on the dynamics of landslide processes and to prevent the negative consequences of the landslide
Estimation of land surface temperature based on GIS and remote sensing data in Dahuk city
No full textLand Surface Temperature (LST) is a crucial variable across various domains, including studies on the global ramifications of climate change, urban land use and cover, and geo- and biophysical modelling. Satellite data from Landsat 8, specifically the NIR channel, was utilized to generate LST maps, NDVI, and LU/LC for Dahuk City. The correctness of LULC maps was verified by ground observation locations. The results indicate that the LST ranged from 4 to 14 degrees Celsius in 2013 and from 10 to 20 degrees Celsius in 2023. The highest temperatures, ranging from 14 to 20 degrees Celsius, occur in urban areas, whilst the lowest temperatures, recorded in 2013 and 2023, are in forests and aquatic environments, measuring 4 and 10 degrees Celsius, respectively and this occurred because of unplanned expansion of urban areas on behalf of green area as indicated by NDVI. Through this study planners and decision making could predict the future increase in LST if no action taken against these activities
Do actors’ incentives obstruct sector-wide long-term productivity in the design and production of bridges in Sweden?
No full textAn increase in productivity is necessary to reduce economic costs in bridge projects. Previous research indicates that construction productivity has decreased since the 1960s. A quantitative study was performed to find out how the incentives of the three major actors (client, contractor, and design engineer) could be obstacles to long-term productivity in the Swedish bridge construction industry. The study was performed as a self-completed questionnaire and received 151 responses. The results show that the contractors’ employees find profit in a single project more important than the company’s profit over time. Thus, the project´s incentives obstruct innovation and standardization, which could benefit future projects and thereby increase long-term productivity and the company’s profit over time. In contrast to contractors, design engineers and clients value company profit more than profit in a single project, and they value the quality of delivered products as the most important factor for increased long-term productivity.
First published online 10 December 202
Review of the design and condition monitoring of overhead power distribution conductors
No full textBushfires, also known as wildfires in some parts of the world, is a major hazard with significant risks to communities and the environment. Such fires can initiate from a number of sources including lightning. However, one of the possibilities for initiating bushfires is faults in the power system. Faults in conductors can happen overtime and monitoring is essential for effective maintenance and avoiding unnecessary power failures. Simultaneously, assessing conductor reliability is critical for powerline asset management. This paper comprehensively reviews conductor design and monitoring in the distribution network. Various conductor types and applications are described using population statistics from the Australian power distribution network. Furthermore, the design approach in the Australian Standard is briefly explained and further design methodologies are assessed, emphasizing the progress of innovative approaches. Additionally, potential conductor failure modes in Australia’s distribution network are identified. The paper also outlines different condition assessment methods and explores their advancement. Finally, possible models for evaluating conductor reliability are examined, underscoring their benefits in accounting for weather-induced impacts
The practices of public spaces in traditional neighborhoods: case of the Argoub district, city of M\u27sila-Algeria
No full textPublic space seems to have become one of the key elements of local development policies. As such, our study will focus on a traditional neighborhood called Argoub located in the center of the city of M’sila in Algeria, the public spaces of this neighborhood have long been the fundamental structure and the filter of reading of the neighborhood, they have deteriorated and to remedy this problem, the Observation shows that the public space in this district is distorted and its use for heterogeneous purposes than those previously planned, but this diversion of use continues to fragment the public space and reduce it to an obstructed space. The local authorities have carried out limited urban improvement of these spaces to perpetuate and improve their urban quality.
This study aims to measure the quality of these spaces, to clarify the notion of traditional public space, and to identify its different practices. For this research, we chose as a methodology recurring observation reinforced by situational observation, while taking into account the urban and historical context of this district. Without permanent control from local authorities, illegal interventions by residents in the spaces in question have completely changed the alleys into stifling spaces used only for transition and not for social interaction.
Despite the limited intervention of urban planning services to safeguard the urban fabric network and revive traditional public spaces, the ongoing change practices by residents have had a negative influence on the urban landscape of the neighborhood in general. As such, we will be faced with the following challenges: security, physical and visual quality, and economic attractiveness must, at the end of planning, require a real global reflection on these different urban forms so that their management is coherent and thoughtful. In this regard, the obvious question is: what practical measures should be taken to respond to the problems of landscape and spatial qualities of these spaces and contribute more generally to their sustainability
Integrated approaches to sustainable urban development: the synergy between landscape architecture and civil engineering
No full textThis research study addresses the developing synergy between landscape architecture and civil engineering in the context of sustainable urban development. The study intends to analyze how these multidisciplinary professions might collectively handle urban difficulties while assuring long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability. Using the PRISMA technique, the study thoroughly reviewed secondary data from the Scopus database, identifying 23 relevant publications published between 2015 and 2024. The study outlines major integration techniques, obstacles, and emerging trends that impact the cooperation between various disciplines. The results emphasize major impediments to successful multidisciplinary collaboration, including policy fragmentation, inadequate cross-disciplinary education, and technology adaption issues. Additionally, the research underlines the significance of merging theoretical frameworks and practical case studies to increase the knowledge of integrated urban development techniques. By offering a comprehensive examination of the literature, this study adds to a greater knowledge of interdisciplinary urban planning solutions and gives significant insights for policymakers, academics, and practitioners working toward resilient and adaptable urban environments.
Article in English.
Integruotas požiūris į darnią miestų plėtrą: kraštovaizdžio architektūros ir statybos inžinerijos sinergija
Santrauka
Šiame tyrime nagrinėjama besivystanti kraštovaizdžio architektūros ir statybos inžinerijos sinergija darnios miestų plėtros kontekste. Tyrimu siekiama išanalizuoti, kaip šios daugiadisciplinės profesijos galėtų kartu spręsti miesto urbanistinius iššūkius, kartu užtikrindamos ilgalaikį aplinkos, socialinį ir ekonominį tvarumą. Taikant PRISMA metodą, tyrime išsamiai peržiūrėti antriniai duomenys iš Scopus duomenų bazės, nustatyti 23 susiję leidiniai, paskelbti 2015–2024 m. Tyrime nurodomi pagrindiniai integracijos būdai, kliūtys ir naujos tendencijos, darančios įtaką įvairių disciplinų benradarbiavimui. Rezultatuose pabrėžiamos pagrindinės sėkmingo tarpdisciplininio bendradarbiavimo kliūtys, įskaitant politikos fragmentiškumą, netinkamą tarpdisciplininį švietimą ir technologijų pritaikymo problemas. Be to, tyrime pabrėžiama teorinių pagrindų ir praktinių atvejų tyrimų sujungimo svarba siekiant pagilinti žinias apie integruotos miestų plėtros metodus. Pateikiant išsamią literatūros analizę, šis tyrimas prisideda prie gilesnių žinių apie tarpdisciplininius miestų planavimo sprendimus ir suteikia svarbių įžvalgų politikos formuotojams, mokslininkams ir praktikams, siekiantiems atsparios ir pritaikomos miestų aplinkos.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: tvarumas, miestų planavimas, kraštovaizdžio architektūra, civilinė inžinerija
The impact of internal and macroeconomic factors on the profitability of the banking sector. A case study of the Western Balkan countries
No full textThe banking sector in the Western Balkan countries has changed dramatically in recent years. A variety of factors have contributed to these changes, such as economic growth, increased competition, and the implementation of new regulations. As a result, the profitability of the banking sector varies greatly between countries. The purpose of this research is to look into the impact of internal and macroeconomic factors on the profitability of the banking sector in the Western Balkan countries. The research used 85 observations from unbalanced panel data from five countries from 2005 to 2021. Data were gathered from the International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook Database, which contains information on the trend and progress of banking in the Western Balkans. The variables used included macroeconomic variables, internal bank variables, and industry variables, with return on assets and return on equity used to measure bank profitability. Panel regression with pooled least squares, fixed effects, and random effects was used to analyze these variables. Internal factors such as bank Z-score, 3-bank asset concentration, bank net interest margin, bank overhead costs to total assets, bank credit to deposits, and bank capital to total assets have a positive impact on profitability, according to the findings. GDP and inflation, for example, have a mixed impact on profitability. The impact of industry factors such as liquid assets, deposits, and short-term funding, as well as bank Z-score, on profitability is mixed. The study’s findings have significant implications for policy experts and bank managers in Western Balkan countries. The findings can be used by policymakers to create policies that promote the profitability of the banking sector. The findings can be used by bank managers to improve their banks’ profitability by making strategic decisions about asset allocation, capital structure, and risk management
Co-governance of online car-hailing operation based on passenger feedback
No full textThe illegal operation of online car drivers is a recurring issue that has garnered significant societal attention. The literature has investigated this problem primarily from the perspectives of the government, platforms, and drivers, while the mechanisms for co-governance among different stakeholders in addressing illegal online car-hailing operations have received limited focus. Additionally, the role of passengers in the online car-hailing process has not been sufficiently explored, leading to a lack of systematic research conclusions and inherent limitations. To analyse the evolutionary equilibrium strategies of participants under various scenarios and their influencing factors, a tripartite evolutionary game model involving passengers, drivers, and online car-hailing platforms was constructed. The decision-making behaviours of these stakeholders were examined through numerical simulation. The results indicate that by strengthening investigations and addressing illegal behaviours, online car-hailing platforms can significantly reduce the likelihood of drivers′ illegal operations. Furthermore, increasing the amount of guarantee deposits can increase drivers′ respect for regulations. Additionally, improving passenger satisfaction can be achieved by increasing compensation for participation in co-governance and increasing promotional rewards from platforms, thereby enhancing service quality. Strengthened supervision strategies not only boost platforms′ social reputation and management efficiency but also create positive incentives for strict supervision through penalty income. This study provides a theoretical foundation for optimizing the supervision of the online car-hailing industry, emphasizing the critical roles of strict supervision, positive incentives, and public participation in elevating service standards. The findings enrich the theoretical understanding of online car-hailing market supervision and offer innovative co-governance strategies aimed at fostering the healthy development of the online car-hailing market
Sustainability and carbon footprint evaluation at university: case study of VILNIUS TECH
No full textBecause of a societal push towards sustainability a problem emerges of adapting the concept to different sectors of the economy and society. The differing complexities of different fields and social structures make it difficult to create a universal sustainability strategy. Higher education institutions (HEIs) consist of a broad range of people, working in various fields of industry, making it an appropriate cross-section of the nation. Adapting sustainability practices in these institutions would allow to screen for successful policies before implementing them more widely, detecting most effective practices, allowing a faster transition towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is hard to decide where to start, as many sustainable practices exist. This article presents the case study of VILNIUS TECH and conducts a comparison with universities in the region, determining best sustainability practices. The Greenhouse gas (GHG) protocol standard was used to form the emission inventory. The university comparison will help identify effective HEIs carbon footprint minimization practices, as well as other implemented policies as an example of where HEIs should start on their road to a more sustainable institution