rFASPER - Repozitorijum Fakulteta za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju
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Self-efficacy of mothers of preschool children with visual impairments
No full textUvod: Samoefikasnost majki predstavlja uverenje da su sposobne da efikasno odgovore na zahteve roditeljske uloge i pozitivno utiču na razvoj svog deteta. Cilj: Cilj istraživanja je utvrđivanje odnosa između samoefikasnosti majki dece sa oštećenjem vida i sociodemografskih karakteristika (starost, obrazovni nivo, bračni i radni status). Metod: Uzorak su činile 42 majke dece sa oštećenjem vida i višestrukim smetnjama predškolskog uzrasta uključenih u programe rane intervencije. Za potrebe prikupljanja podataka primenjena je Skala za procenu samoefikasnosti roditelja u ranoj intervenciji (The Early Intervention Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale - EIPSES). Rezultati: Zaposlenost se izdvojila kao značajan činilac samoefikasnosti majki dece sa oštećenjem vida i višestrukim smetnjama. Zaposlene majke pokazale su veći stepen uverenja da su sposobne da odgovore na zahteve koje nameće uloga roditelja (p=.001), a istovremeno očekuju više od stručnjaka iz podrške (p=.006). Nije utvrđena statistički značajna povezanost doživljene samoefikasnosti majki sa starošću, bračnim statusom i stepenom obrazovanja. Zaključak: U budućim istraživanjima usmerenim na samoefikasnost roditelja dece sa oštećenjem vida i višestrukim smetnjama analizom bi trebalo obuhvatiti specifične oblasti njihovog angažovanja, kao što su spremnost za učenje Brajevog pisma, razumevanje potreba vezanih za vizuelno funkcionisanje i prilagođavanje okruženja, kao i neke karakteristike ličnost i međugeneracijske karakteristike roditeljstva.Introduction. Maternal self-efficacy refers to a mother’s belief in her ability to effectively meet the demands of the parental role and positively influence her child’s development. Objective. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between maternal selfefficacy among mothers of children with visual impairments and various sociodemographic characteristics (age, level of education, marital status, and employment status). Method. The sample consisted of 42 mothers of preschool-aged children with visual impairments and multiple disabilities who were enrolled in early intervention programs. Data were collected using the Early Intervention Parenting Self-Efficacy Scale (EIPSES). Results. Employment emerged as a significant factor in the self-efficacy of mothers of children with visual impairments and multiple disabilities. Employed mothers demonstrated a higher level of confidence in their ability to meet the demands of the parental role (p = .001), and simultaneously had higher expectations from support professionals (p= .006). No statistically significant relationship was found between perceived maternal self-efficacy and age, marital status, or level of education. Conclusion. Future research on the self-efficacy of parents of children with visual impairments and multiple disabilities should include analyses of specific areas of parental involvement, such as readiness to learn Braille, understanding needs related to visual functioning and environmental adaptation, as well as certain personality traits and intergenerational characteristics of parenting
The effect of gestures on the communication and educational process
No full textA gesture is a mode of establishing communication. In order for a movement to be a gesture, it has to convey a message or a piece of information. Different designations of a gesture are linked to both verbal and nonverbal communication. A gesture conveys information either on its own or together with speech. The main goal of the study is to point to the characteristics of gestures, the acquisition of gestures, as well as to the effect of gestures on the communication and educational process through the overview of the available literature. The methods of the analysis and the evaluation of the available literature were applied. Data on the specific features in the development of gestures, the classification and the role of gestures in the communication process and the process of education was gathered. A gesture represents an initial communicative symbol, which is used at an early age so that a need or a meaning is expressed. The decoding of nonverbal signals or transferring of a part of communicative intention to the modality of a gesture can compensate for the unfamiliarity with vocabulary or an inability to produce speech. When complex notions are presented in concrete terms or when the significance of any topic is emphasised, gestures and body language play a key part in the educational process. Gestures have a significant effect on the process of learning new terms as well as on the process of communication, thinking, learning and education
Disfagija u kontekstu demencije - pregled savremenih saznanja i terapijskih pristupa
No full textSwallowing disorders, known as dysphagia, are often present in people
with dementia, affecting their diet and quality of life. Dementia is a clini-
cal syndrome that involves cognitive deficits and it progressively impairs
daily functioning. The most common types of dementia are: Alzheimeir’s
dementia (АD), vascular dementia (VаD), dementia with Lewy bodies
(DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Dysphagia occurs in all types
of dementia, and its symptoms vary depending on the type and stage of
dementia. The study indicate the need for speech therapy treatment and
early detection of symptoms of dysphagia in persons with dementia in or-
der to reduce negative consequences such as malnutrition, dehydration,
recursive pneumonia and social isolation. The aim of this paper is to ana-
lyze data obtained from available literature on the correlation of different
types of dementia and dysphagia
Nacionalna anketa o korišćenju telepsihologije u radu psihologa u Srbiji
No full textUvod/Cilj. Poslednjih decenija, telepsihologija se postepeno razvijala zahvaljujući sve većoj dostupnosti digitalnih tehnologija. Međutim, njena ekspanzija bila je podstaknuta pandemijom i uvođenjem pravila socijalnog distanciranja. Cilj rada bio je da se utvrdi nivo korišćenja računara i interneta u svakodnevnom radu psihologa u Srbiji. Metode. Primenjen je hibridni istraživački dizajn, istraživanje anketnog tipa sa analizom sadržaja. Anketa je imala 70 pitanja koja su se odnosila na korišćenje digitalne tehnologije u praksi psihologa. Nacionalna anketa obuhvatila je 340 diplomiranih psihologa oba pola i svih
starosnih kategorija. Učesnici su radili u različitim regionima Srbije, pokrivajući skoro sve delatnosti psihološke prakse, uključujući zdravstvo, prosvetu, industriju, vojsku, i privatnu praksu. Rezultati. Pitanja koja se upućuju psiholozima kada se ispitanik šalje na procenu testovima najčešće su se odnosila na eksploraciju ličnosti, dijagnostičke/neuropsihološke procene i procene vezane za psihoterapiju. U ukupnom uzorku, čak 51% psihologa u Srbiji radilo je on-line terapiju, dok je značajno manje anketiranih (17%) radilo procenu testovima putem interneta. U proceni su najčešće korišćeni testovi domaće proizvodnje, koji su već dugo u upotrebi, a manji broj psihologa koristio je nove psihološke instrumente. Anketa je pokazala da su mlađi psiholozi i psiholozi iz Beograda pozitivnije vrednovali telepsihologiju u poređenju sa starijim psiholozima i psiholozima koji su živeli i radili u drugim sredinama. Terapijska orijentacija anketiranih nije bila značajna za procenu uspešnosti telepsihologije. Zaključak. Rad daje pregled aktuelnog stanja u oblasti procene ličnosti i pokazuje da je korišćenje digitalne tehnologije i telepsihologije u Srbiji razvijenije od profesionalne regulative i edukacije psihologa o tom modalitetu. Za široku primenu telepsihologije u
radu psihologa potrebno je da se u nastavni plan i program predmeta na fakultetima i u svetu i kod nas uvedu teme vezane za taj specifični modalitet.Background/Aim. In recent decades, telepsychology has gradually developed due to the increasing availability of digital technologies. However, its expansion was led by the pandemic and the introduction of social distancing rules. The aim of this study was to determine the level of computer and internet use by psychologists in Serbia in their everyday work. Methods. A hybrid research design was employed, combining survey methodology with content analysis. The survey consisted of 70 questions related to the use of digital technology in the practice of psychologists. The national survey included 340 graduate psychologists of both sexes and all age categories. The participants worked in various regions of Serbia and covered nearly all areas of psychological practice, including healthcare, education, industry, the military, and private practice. Results. The questions addressed to psychologists when a respondent is sent for tests assessment most often related to personality exploration, diagnostic/neuropsychological assessments, and psychotherapy-related evaluations. In the total sample, as many as 51% of psychologists in Serbia conducted online therapy, while a significantly smaller number of respondents (17%) performed test assessments via the Internet. In assessments, the most frequently used tests were domestically produced and have been in use for a long time, while a smaller number of psychologists used new psychological instruments. The survey revealed that younger psychologists and those from Belgrade valued telepsychology more positively compared to older psychologists and those living and working in other areas. The therapeutic orientation of the respondents was not a significant factor in assessing the success of telepsychology. Conclusion. The paper provides an overview of the current situation in the area of personality assessment and shows that the use of digital technology and telepsychology in Serbia is more developed than the professional regulations and education of psychologists regarding this modality. For the widespread application of telepsychology in the work of psychologists, it is necessary to introduce topics related to this specific modality into the curricula of university courses, both globally and in Serbia
Narušena prava: Percepcija srednjoškolaca o prevremenom završetku prvog polugodišta
No full text19. decembra 2024. godine, Ministarstvo prosvete Republike Srbije proglasilo je prevremeni zimski raspust kao odgovor na rastuće proteste i blokade škola. Iako su reakcije u javnosti bile različite, srednjoškolci, kao jedni od najpogođenijih aktera, najmanje su se mogli čuti. Ova studija istražuje kako su učenici doživeli prevremeni završetak polugodišta, fokusirajući se na tri istraživačka pitanja: (1) Da li učenici smatraju da su njihova prava povređena? (2) Ako jesu, koja prava i na kom nivou? (3) Da
li su stavovi prema protestima povezani sa percipiranim povredama prava? Ovo istraživanje deo je šire studije o tome kako svakodnevna školska iskustva učenika utiču na njihovu adaptaciju na srednju školu. Korišćenjem metode uzorkovanja iskustava, podaci su prikupljani od učenika prvog razreda tokom deset školskih dana (10–23. decembar). 19. decembra učenici
su zamoljeni da napišu svoje mišljenje o odluci Ministarstva, ali i širem kontekstu koji uključuje proteste. 97 učenika odgovorilo je na otvoreno pitanje, a njihovi odgovori analizirani su kvalitativnim (analiza sadržaja) i kvantitativnim putem (deskriptivna statistika, Hi kvadrat). Rezultati pokazuju da je 70,1% učenika doživelo prevremeni završetak škole kao kršenje svojih prava, pretežno na individualnom nivou (56,1%), navodeći smanjeno vreme za ispravljanje ocena (50,7%), neažurno informisanje (10,1%) i ograničenu interakciju sa vršnjacima (7,2%). Kršenja na društvenom nivou (39,4%) obuhvatala su šira pitanja o univerzalnim ljudskim pravima (43,5%), dok je 28,8% učenika navelo narušena prava na nivou škole, posebno u školama gde su se nastava i poslednje nedelje održava uprkos odluci Ministarstva. Utvrđena je značajna povezanost između percipiranih
narušenih prava i podrške protestima [χ²(15) = 70.49, p <.001]. Učenici koji su prepoznali narušena prava češće su podržavali proteste, dok su ravnodušni prema protestima retko uočavali kršenja. Nalazi ukazuju na značaj prepoznavanja da su prava narušena kao osnovu za kolektivnu akciju. Diskutovaćemo o značaju prepoznavanja narušenih prava, kako na individualnom, tako i na društvenom nivou
Teorije i mere ličnosti
No full textOva monografija je sažet revijski prikaz ključnih dostignuća naučnika zaslužnih
za
razvoj
pojma
ličnosti
sa
teorijskog
i
praktičnog
aspekta.
Tri
glavna
poglavlja:
teorije
ličnosti,
merni
instrumeti
procene
ličnosti
i
greške
merenja
čine,
unutar
drugih
grana
psihologije,
jednu
u
teorijskom
i
praktičnom
smislu
zaokruženu
celinu
i
osvetljavaju
stanje
i
dileme
u
kojima
se
danas
nalazi
ova
oblast.
Osim
dostignuća
inostranih
naučnika,
u
monografiji
su
predstavljeni
i
doprinosi
domaćih
autora
Education and vocational training in prisons in Serbia
No full textIn terms of the prison system’s
structure, the Republic of Serbia (excluding
institutions located in Kosovo and Metohija)
comprises 29 correctional facilities, with
a combined capacity to house 11,957
detainees (Government of the Republic of
Serbia, 2022).
The Administration for the Execution of
Criminal Sanctions, which operates under
the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of
Serbia, oversees the prison system. Additio
nally, the Center for Training and Vocational
Education, which is part of the Administra
tion for the Execution of Criminal Sanctions,
focuses on educating prison staff, while
also coordinating the training and voca
tional education activities for incarcerated
individuals across penal institutions
Primena pilatesa kao metode za unapređenje zdravstvenog i funkcionalnog statusa odraslih osoba
No full textThis pilot study investigated the effects of Pilates on the health and functional
status of adults. The sample comprised 43 participants of both genders, with a
mean age of 41 years. The study was conducted in Belgrade in 2024, in two
phases (test-retest). An 11-item questionnaire was developed to gather data on
the significance and impact of Pilates on health and functional status. Various
descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used in data processing
and analysis. The findings indicated a substantial impact of Pilates on
participants’ health and functional status, showing a statistically significant
improvement from the initial phase to the three-month follow-up after
consistent practice. Pilates exercises significantly improved functional
performance in adult participants and may be used as a preventive strategy to
maintain and enhance physical and mental health, thereby improving quality of life.Ovo pilot istraživanje je imalo za cilj da ispita uticaj pilatesa na zdravstveni i
funkcionalni status odraslih osoba. Uzorak je formiran od 43 ispitanika, oba
pola, prosečnog uzrasta 41 godinu. Istraživanje je realizovano u Beogradu, u
dve faze (test-retest), tokom 2024. godine. Za prikupljanje podataka o značaju i
uticaju pilatesa na zdravstveni i funkcionalni status kreiran je upitnik koji se
sastojao od 11 pitanja na koja su ispitanici samostalno odgovarali. U obradi i
analizi podataka primenjene su određene mere deskriptivne i inferencijalne
statistike. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da postoji veliki uticaj vežbanja
pilatesa na zdravstveni i funkcionalni status ispitanika, odnosno utvrđeno je
statistički značajno povećanje uticaja pilatesa na status ispitanika od perioda
počinjanja do perioda nakon tri meseca redovnog vežbanja. Možemo reći da su
vežbe pilatesa dovele do značajnog poboljšanja funkcionalnih performansi kod
odraslih ispitanika i da se pilates može primenjivati kao preventivna strategija
u cilju održavanja i poboljšanja fizičkog i psihičkog zdravlja, pa samim tim i
unapređenja kvaliteta života
Osnove komplementarnih tretmana
No full textGlavni cilj udžbenika Osnove komplementarnih tretmana je da se studenti specijalne
edukacije i rehabilitacije upoznaju sa bazičnim karakteristikama različitih vrsta komplementarnih
tretmana, koji se u praksi primenjuju kao dopuna naučno verifikovanim pristupima
u tretmanu osoba sa teškoćama u mentalnom razvoju, kao i da formiraju vrednosne
stavove koji će im pomoći da kritički procene mogućnosti i ograničenja njihove primene.
Sadržaj udžbenika je usaglašen sa sadržajem predmeta Komplementarni tretmani na
osnovnim akademskim studijama na studijskim programima Specijalna edukacija i rehabilitacija
osoba sa teškoćama u mentalnom razvoju i Logopedija. Iako je udžbenik prevashodno
namenjen studentima Fakulteta za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju, može koristiti i kolegama
iz prakse u obrazovnom, zdravstvenom i sistemu socijalne zaštite, roditeljima dece
sa teškoćama i smetnjama u razvoju, kao i pojedincima iz tangentnih naučnih oblasti koji su
zainteresovani za ovu tematiku
The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS): Attitudes of parents and professionals in Serbia.
No full textBackground: This research examined the perceptions of parents and professionals in Serbia regarding the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) as an alternative communication system designed for people with autism and/or other developmental disabilities.
Purpose: The study aimed to determine differences between these two groups in terms of knowledge, experience, and attitudes, focusing on perceived benefits and obstacles to the implementation of PECS.
Research Design: The research included 93 participants (45 parents and 48 professionals) who completed an online questionnaire.
Results: The results indicate that parents more frequently attend formal training and report a higher level of confidence in using PECS compared to professionals. Parents also value the practical aspects of implementation and the availability of support more than professionals do. Both groups recognize the benefits of PECS for communication development, as well as obstacles such as a limited vocabulary, the need for additional training, and the necessity to involve others.
Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for systemic support in Serbia through organized training, supervision, and support for both parents and practitioners, in order to ensure effective and sustainable use of PECS in everyday contexts