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RECIDIVISM RISK ASSESSMENT AMONG CONVICTED WOMEN
No full textZatvorski sistem, čiji je osnovni cilj rehabilitacija i reintegracija osuđenih lica u društvenu
zajednicu je, uvažavajući iskustva iz prakse i empirijske dokaze, u velikoj meri napredovao. Međutim,
usled niske zastupljenosti žena u broju svih osuđenih lica koja se nalaze u zatvoru, zapaža se da u svim
aspektima zatvorskog života i penalnog tretmana one neretko bivaju diskriminisane. U tom smislu,
posebno je važno obratiti pažnju na faktore rizika recidivizma koji su karakteristični za osuđene žene,
a koji nisu inkorporirani u rodno neutralne instrumente procene rizika, koji se u penalnoj praksi
najčešće koriste. Cilj ovog rada je da se ukaže na specifične potrebe osuđenih žena i na neophodnost
validacije instrumenata procene, koji su dizajnirani na uzorcima muškaraca, a primenjuju se na
ženskoj osuđeničkoj populaciji. U radu je prikazana zastupljenost žena u ukupnom broju svih osuđenih
lica, kao i podaci o njihovom recidivizmu. Dalje se u radu razmatraju faktori rizika recidivizma koji su
karakteristični za osuđene žene. Posebna pažnja je usmerena na procenu rizika recidivizma osuđenih
žena, te je ukazano na prednosti i nedostatke rodno neutralnog i rodno responzivnog pristupa.
Saznanja o efektima instrumenata za procenu rizika recidivizma predstavljena su kroz prikaz nalaza
istraživanja, te je utvrđeno da postoje nekonzistentni rezultati po pitanju njihove prediktivne validnosti
kada se primenjuju prema osuđenim ženama. Na osnovu kritičkog razmatranja dobijenih nalaza i
stanja u Republici Srbiji, date su preporuke za unapređenje prakse procene rizika recidivizma
osuđenih žena.The prison system, whose primary goal is the rehabilitation and reintegration of convicted
individuals into society, has made significant progress, taking into account practical experience and
empirical evidence. However, due to the low representation of women among the prison population,
they are often found to face discrimination in all aspects of prison life and penal treatment. In this
regard, it is particularly important to pay attention to the risk factors for recidivism that are specific to
convicted women and are not incorporated into gender-neutral risk assessment instruments, which are
most commonly used in penal practice. The aim of this paper is to highlight the specific needs of
convicted women and the necessity of validating assessment instruments that were designed based on
male samples but are applied to the female prison population. The paper presents the representation of
women within the total number of convicted individuals, as well as data on their recidivism.
Furthermore, it examines the risk factors for recidivism that are specific to convicted women. Special
attention is given to the recidivism risk assessment among convicted women, highlighting the
advantages and disadvantages of both gender-neutral and gender-responsive approaches. Insights
into the effects of recidivism risk assessment instruments are presented through a review of research
findings, revealing inconsistencies in their predictive validity when applied to convicted women. Based
on a critical analysis of the findings and the situation in the Republic of Serbia, recommendations are
provided for improving the practice of recidivism risk assessment for convicted women
SENZORNO-MOTORIČKI IZAZOVI KOD DECE OŠTEĆENOG SLUHA: PREGLED ISTRAŽIVANJA
No full textSenzorna obrada i motoričke funkcije kod dece oštećenog sluha predstavljaju
kompleksnu istraživačku oblast koja zahteva multidisciplinarni pristup, ali često nije u
fokusu naučnih istraživanja. Ovaj rad istražuje uticaj senzorne obrade na motoričke
funkcije gluve i nagluve dece, izazove sa kojima se susreću u svakodnevnom životu, kao
i značaj rane dijagnostike i intervencije. Senzorno procesiranje igra ključnu ulogu u
razvoju motoričkih veština i aktivnom učešću u svakodnevnim aktivnostima. Deca koja
imaju teškoće u ovom procesu suočavaju se sa različitim izazovima koji mogu negativno
uticati na njihov razvoj i svakodnevni život. Cilj rada bio je analiza postojećih istraživanja
o senzornim i motoričkim karakteristikama gluve i nagluve dece, kao i identifikovanje
ključnih oblasti u kojima se ta deca susreću sa teškoćama. U analizu su uključeni
istraživački radovi objavljeni između 2014. i 2024. godine, fokusirani na gluvu i nagluvu
decu i adolescente. Rezultati istraživanja sugerišu da deca oštećenog sluha uglavnom
imaju lošije senzorno procesiranje u odnosu na svoje vršnjake urednog sluha. Posebno
su uočene razlike u ravnoteži i motoričkim veštinama između gluve i nagluve dece i dece
urednog sluha. Problemi sa kojima se susreću deca oštećenog sluha mogu se pripisati
uslovima auditivne deprivacije i propratnim vestibularnim teškoćama. Iako nalazi
istraživanja nisu jednoznačni po pitanju uticaja korišćenja slušnih aparata ili kohlearnog
implanta na motoričke sposobnosti dece oštećenog sluha, naglašava se kako rana
intervencija i pravovremeni tretman mogu doprineti poboljšanju senzornog procesiranja
i razvoju motoričkih sposobnosti, kao i prevenciji dugoročnih smetnji. U zaključku se
ističe značaj ranog prepoznavanja i intervencija koje su prilagođene individualnim
potrebama dece, sa fokusom na senzorne i motoričke aspekte njihovog razvoja. Buduća
istraživanja treba da obuhvate longitudinalne pristupe i razvoj normativnih protokola za
procenu i rehabilitaciju dece oštećenog sluha i povezanim senzornim poremećajima
Enhancing family involvement assessment in inclusive preschool education: insights from a Serbian validation study of the family involvement questionnaire
No full textIn alignment with Sustainable Development Goal 4.2 (SDG4.2), this study aimed to examine the factor structure and internal consistency of the adapted Family Involvement Questionnaire (FIQ) within the context of inclusive preschool education. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted on a Serbian sample of parents (n = 451) indicated an inadequate fit with the original FIQ. Subsequent exploratory factor analyses revealed the expected three-factor structure with a reduced number of items and a different distribution across factors compared to the original FIQ. These findings suggest variations in family involvement across countries and educational contexts. Despite the removal of 14 poorly performing items, the three-factor structure with 20 reliable items showed convergence with the original FIQ and theoretical background. This study contributes to SDG4.2 by enhancing the assessment of family involvement in inclusive preschool education, laying the foundation for future research on its impact on children's development and learning outcomes. Findings also hold implications for construct validity research on the FIQ in other countries. A nationally validated family involvement tool can furnish policymakers with valuable data to address potential misconceptions about family involvement in preprimary education—an important aspect of achieving SDG4.2 and developing successful inclusive educational policies
Speaker Recognition Based on Auditory Impression: The Role of Familiarity with the Speaker and Language
No full textSpeech is a fundamental means of interpersonal communication. Speaker identification
based on voice and speech can be analysed through two perspectives, expert listening by trained
phoneticians, for the purpose of forensic speaker identification, and by naive listeners. Factors
related to the success of identification often include prior familiarity with the speaker and the
language they speak. The aim of the study is to examine whether speaker recognition based on
auditory impressions is influenced by prior familiarity with the speaker and the language being
spoken. A total of 218 female students from the Faculty of Special Education and Rehabilitation
participated in the experiment. An instrument was specially designed for the purposes of this
research. The results indicated that familiarity with the spoken language did not influence speaker
recognition. Similarly, familiarity with the speaker had no significant effect on recognition, except
in the case of the English-speaking speaker, whose voice and speech were more accurately recog-
nized by participants who had been previously familiar with her. Given that the research findings
did not consistently support the hypothesis regarding the connection between prior familiarity
with the speaker and the language they speak and the success of speaker identification, it is neces-
sary for future research to focus on examining the connection between recognizing speakers and
the acoustic characteristics of their voice and speech
Genome Editing Technologies as Powerful Tools in Food Engineering and Biotechnology
No full textFood engineering designs sustainable and environmentally responsible food processes for manufacturing safe, tasty, healthy, and convenient food products. Methods that target the inserted genes to exact sites within the genome of a living organism have been designed, thus leading to a new era in biotechnology, and the introduction of genome editing technologies. The procedure of gene editing is accomplished using nucleases engineered to target an explicit DNA sequence and form DNA double-strand breaks, thus allowing the consequent removal of existing DNA and the insertion of replacement DNA. There are various gene editing techniques, but irrespective of the specific technique used, all are grounded on the use of nucleases: zinc-finger nucleases, TALE nucleases, meganucleases, and CRISPR-associated endonucleases. Gene editing tools give the potential for a completely new approach in the production of crops with desirable genetic traits with many advances compared to technology used in genetically modified plants. Here, the genome editing technologies, advances and obstacles in their application in food engineering and biology, and further challenges in their future development will be described
Porodični kontakti kao faktor resocijalizacije osuđenih lica
No full textIzricanje i izvršenje zatvorske kazne je ključno sa aspekta kažnjavanja i
rehabilitacije učinilaca krivičnih dela. U današnje vreme se sve veća pažnja usmerava na programe tretmana kojima se teži redukovati kriminalni recidivizam. Kao jedan od značajnih faktora rehabilitacije i reintegracije osuđenih u društvo navode se kontakti sa članovima porodice. Održavanje kontakata može biti motivacija da se osuđeni promeni na bolje, dok zabrana kontakta pojačava identifikaciju sa drugim osuđenima, što potencijalno dovodi do kriminalne infekcije. Mnogobrojna istraživanja ukazuju da porodični kontakti tokom izvršenja zatvorske kazne utiču na manju verovatnoću recidivizma nakon otpusta. Dodatno, održavanje porodičnih veza motiviše osuđenog da ne čini disciplinske prestupe tokom izvršenja kazne i da učestvuje u programima
tretmana.
Cilj istraživanja je da se ispitaju razlike u individualnim karakteristikama između
osuđenih koji jesu i koji nisu tokom izvršenja kazne zatvora primali posete porodice. Uzorkom je obuhvaćeno 96 osuđenih iz Kazneno-popravnog zavoda Sremska Mitrovica koji su stupili na izvršenje zatvorske kazne 2013. godine i otpušteni između 2016. i 2018. godine. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su osuđeni koji su primali posete porodice značajno ređe kršili pravila tokom izvršenja zatvorske kazne (χ2 = 7,535, df = 1, p 0 ,05) i nagrada u tretmanu (χ2 = 2,833,
df = 1, p >0 ,05) nisu detektovane značajne razlike.
Dobijeni nalazi ukazuju na značaj održavanja kontakata osuđenog sa članovima
porodice, koji mogu imati ključnu ulogu u procesu resocijalizacije i reintegracije. U tom smislu je potrebno u penalnom sistemu veću pažnju posvetiti ovom aspektu izvršenja zatvorske kazne, te motivisati i osuđene i članove njihovih porodica za održavanje kontakata
The importance of pride when learning math: The influence of academic emotions and motivation on mathematics achievement.
No full textThe academic emotions (AE), grounded in control-value theory (Pekrun, 2006), is a wellknown construct whose importance for students’ motivation, learning strategies, and performance has been confirmed in numerous studies. Not all AE received equal attention, with negative emotions, especially anxiety, being the main focus of the mathematics achievement research. Findings about the intertwined influence of AE and related constructs such as motivation on academic outcomes have yet to be fully elucidated. The aims of the study were to examine the impact of academic emotions on mathematics academic achievement, after
taking into account demographic variables (age, gender, type of school); determine whether the predictive power of academic emotions changes when the motivation for learning mathematics (intrinsic motivation, perceived utility, and perceived competence) is included; examine which tested emotions (enjoyment, pride, anger, anxiety, shame, hopelessness, boredom) will have the greatest significance for math achievement. The convenience sample of 457 students (70% female; Mage = 16.35), from grammar and vocational schools, completed the AEQ-M (Pekrun et al., 2011) and EVS (Wigfield & Eccles, 2000) instrument in the school
or online format. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted, with demographic variables entered in the first step of the model, positive emotions (enjoyment and pride) entered in the second step, negative emotions (shame, anger, anxiety, boredom, helplessness) entered in the third step, and motivation (utility, intrinsic and perceived competence) entered in the fourth
step of the model. Results revealed that positive emotions significantly predicted achievement, even after accounting for demographic variables, and remained significant across all models (Model 2: R² = .377, p < .001). Their influence slightly diminished as additional variables were introduced. Negative emotions contributed minimally in Model 3 (ΔR² = .023, p < .001) but
became nonsignificant in later models. Motivation, driven primarily by perceived competence, added to the predictive power in Model 4 (ΔR² = .027, p < .001). The final model explained 42.7% of the variance in math grades (F (2, 626) = 61.723, p < .001), with pride emerging as the most influential positive emotion. These findings indicate the importance of nurturing positive activating emotions in the classroom but also call for more research studies on positive emotions in everyday school context
THE IMPACT OF DANCE THERAPY ON INDIVIDUALS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY
No full textЦиљ овог рада био је да се прегледом доступне литературе прикаже утицај терапије плесом на особе са церебралном парализом, пре свега на децу и адолесценте, са посебним акцентом на бенефите које терапија плесом може имати на моторичко функционисање ове популације. Преглед литературе спроведен је претрагом базе података PubMed и Google Scholar претраживача, уз коришћење унапред дефинисаних кључних речи. У анализу су укључени радови објављени у периоду од 2015. до 2025. године, а њихов одабир извршен је у складу са унапред постављеним критеријума. Преглед истраживања спроведених током последње деценије указује на позитивне ефекте примене терапије плесом у раду са особама са церебралном парализом. Бенефити су најпре евидентни на пољу моторичког функционисања ове популације. Поред моторике, они су видљиви и у егзекутивним функцијама, порасту социјалне интелигенције и партиципације, као и у смањењу емотивних и потешкоћа у понашању. Предлажу се чешћа истраживања из ове области, спроведена са
што је могуће мање хетерогеном групом испитаника, на већим узорцима и уз креирање јединственог протокола терапије, што би олакшало генерализацију резултата.The purpose of this paper was to review the existing literature on the effects of dance therapy in individuals with cerebral palsy, primarily children and adolescents, with a particular focus on its potential benefits for motor functioning. The literature review was conducted by searching the PubMed database and Google Scholar using predefined keywords. Studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included in the analysis, and their selection followed predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Evidence from studies conducted over the past decade indicates that dance therapy has positive effects on individuals with cerebral palsy. These benefits are most pronounced in motor functioning, but are also observed in improvements in executive functions, enhanced social intelligence and participation, as well as reductions in emotional and behavioral difficulties.
More frequent research in this field is recommended, with an emphasis on larger sample sizes, more homogeneous participant groups, and the establishment of a standardized therapeutic protocol, in order to facilitate greater generalizability of the results
INTERVENTIONS PLANNED WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE ERASMUS+ ACCREDITATION PROGRAM FOR STUDENTS WITH AUTISM
No full textBearing in mind the importance of implementing evidence-based
stimulating interventions in daily work with children with autism spectrum
disorders, Elementary School “Sava Jovanović Sirogojno” from Zemun realizes
the goals set within the Erasmus+ accreditation program related to improving
the knowledge of special education teachers about the aforementioned
interventions. The aim of this paper is to offer a brief overview of evidence-based
interventions that are planned to be favored during the Erasmus+ accreditation
program in the School. To achieve the goal of this paper, the databases searched
included CINAHL, ERIC, Medline and APA PsycINFO. The paper explains
the main features of the guiding principles of effective interventions. Early
intervention comes first, followed by interventions aimed at alleviating
communication, behavioral and social difficulties, and then interventions in
the field of education and altered sensory input.Imajući u vidu značaj sprovođenja stimulativnih intervencija zasnovanih na
dokazima u svakodnevnom radu sa decom s poremećajem iz spektra autizma,
OŠ „Sava Jovanović Sirogojno” iz Zemuna realizuje ciljeve postavljene
u okviru Erazmus+ programa akreditacije koji se odnose na usavršavanje
znanja defektologa o navedenim intervencijama. Cilj ovog rada jeste da ponudi
kratki prikaz intervencija zasnovanih na dokazima koje su planirane
da budu favorizovane tokom realizacije programa Erazmus+ akreditacije
u Školi. Za realizaciju cilja ovog rada pretražene baze podataka uključivale
su CINAHL, ERIC, Medline i APA PsycINFO. U radu su pojašnjene
glavne crte vodećih principa efikasnih intervencija. Na prvom mestu je rana
intervencija, zatim intervencije koje se sprovode u cilju ublažavanja komunikacijskih,
bihevioralnih i socijalnih teškoća, a potom intervencije u domenu
obrazovanja i izmenjenog senzornog unosa
Evaluation of the effects of treatment based on semantic feature analysis in individuals with fluent aphasia
No full textАфазија знатно нарушава функционалност особе остављајући значајне последице на готово све аспекте свакодневног живота. Због тога се третману афазија поклања велика пажња. У литератури су обликоване различите методе и приступи третману. Емпријски подаци показују да метода анализе семантичких карактеристика појмова даје охрабрујуће резултате у побољшању језичких способности код особа са афазијом. Међутим, истраживања о ефектима ове методе спроведена су углавном на студијама случајева. С обзиром на то да на нашем говорном подручју досад није било студија овог типа, циљ нам је био да утврдимо ефекат методе третмана базиране на анализи семантичких карактеристика (АСК) појмова код пацијената са флуентним афазијама.Узорком је обухваћено 60 испитаника са афазијом флуентног типа, и то: 15 са Верникеовом, 15 са транскортикалном сензорном, 15 са кондуктивном и 15 са аномичком афазијом. Тестирање је спроведено пре третмана, непосредно након његовог завршетка и два месеца касније, коришћењем следећих тестова: Бостонски дијагностички тест за афазије, Бостонски тест именовања, Северозападна батерија за именовање, Пибоди тест сликовног речника, Токен тест, Палпа тест, Тест морфосинтаксичких способности, Тест читања речи, као и Скала за процену квалитета комуникативног живота.Резултати су показали да су испитаници са свим типовима флуентних афазија и свим облицима тежине афазија имали статистички значајно већа постигнућа на већини коришћених тестова, после завршеног третмана методом АСК појмова. Тако на пример, на Бостонском тесту именовања сви испитаници са афазијом имали су значајно већа постигнућа након завршетка третмана методом АСК појмова, као и два месеца након завршетка третмана χ²(2) = 83,63, p < 0,001...Aphasia represents a disorder that significantly impairs an individual’s functionality, leaving considerable consequences on nearly all aspects of daily life. Therefore, great attention is devoted to the treatment of aphasia. Various methods and approaches to treatment have been outlined in the literature. Research shows that the method of semantic feature analysis yields encouraging results in improving language abilities in individuals with aphasia. However, most studies on the effects of this method have predominantly been conducted as case studies. Given that no studies of this type have been conducted in our linguistic region so far, our aim was to determine the effect of the method based on semantic feature analysis in patients with fluent aphasias.The sample included 60 participants with fluent aphasia, as follows: 15 with Wernicke’s aphasia, 15 with transcortical sensory aphasia, 15 with conduction aphasia, and 15 with anomic aphasia. Testing was conducted before treatment, immediately after its completion, and two months later, using the following tests: Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examinations (BDAE), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Northwestern Naming Battery (NNB), Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Token Test, PALPA, Morphosyntactic Ability Test (TMS), Word Reading Test, and the Quality of Communication Life Scale (QCL).The results indicated that participants with all types of fluent aphasia and all levels of aphasia severity achieved statistically significant improvements on most of the tests used after completing treatment with the Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) method. For example, on the Boston Naming Test, all participants with aphasia demonstrated significantly higher achievements after completing the SFA method treatment, as well as two months after the treatment (χ²(2) = 83,63, p < 0,001)..