Pakistan Journal of Education
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COMPARISION OF ARTICULATION AMONG CHILDREN USING DIGITAL AND NON DIGITAL HEARING AIDS
Get PDFHearing aids have been used successfully and efficiently for many decades for rehabilitation of hearing impaired children. In present era, advancement in technologies has brought varieties hearing aids that enable hearing impaired children to utilize their residual hearing efficiently for speech and language learning. Recently two types of hearing aids are available according to amplification circuitry, i.e. analog and digital. The present study was aimed at comparing articulation of children using digital hearing aids (DHA) with analog, the non-digital hearing aids (AHA) users. A sample of thirty Children with Hearing Impairment, fifteen DHA users and fifteen AHA users, with age range from 8 to 13 years was selected by purposive sampling technique to participate in the study. Picture Articulation Test with the subjective assessment technique was used to assess the articulation of children from speech sample taken in response to picture stimuli. The results showed that both groups of children with DHA and AHA demonstrated the presence of articulation errors. In children using DHA the intelligibility was significantly better than that of AHA users. Significantly children using AHA presented phonetic and phonological errors, but no significant difference found in articulation among male and female children, children with mono aural and binaural hearing aid fittings, and children with different amplification periods. A detailed analysis of articulation with a larger sample of children using both types of hearing aids with more considerations of external and internal variables is recommended in future to further clarify the issu
CONTROLLING INFORMATION LOAD THROUGH PRE-LECTURE ASSIGNMENTS AND STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS AT SECONDARY LEVEL
Get PDFVarious studies in the past explored a positive correlation between information load and students’ understanding difficulties. In topics where the thought steps exceeded the working memory limit the performance collapsed quite spectacularly. The capacity of this part of the brain is determined genetically fixed. However, the room for efficient use of this part is open largely through experience. In this study pre-learning strategy was practiced to minimize the load on working memory in order to improve students’ understanding in mathematics. To follow the strategy, twenty pre-lectures were developed from year 9 and 10 mathematics textbooks followed by twenty post-tests. A sample of 212 students was taken from two FG schools in Peshawar Cantt. The outcome was focused in terms of understanding rather memorization. No changes were made in the curriculum content, time allocation and the teachers. The results depicted significant improvement in students’ performance in the stipulated topics. The results are consistent with previous studies in very different contexts, which highlighted significant importance of pre-learning practice
SECONDARY SCHOOL COMPUTER SCIENCE CURRICULUM: PERCEPTIONS OF STAKE HOLDERS
Get PDFComputers and information technology has become an essential part of living in current era. Developments in the field of computer science (CS) have influenced many aspects of human life including education. In order to make students skillful in this filed a subject of computer science is offered at secondary school level. Major purpose of introducing CS at secondary level was assumption that students of this age are more motivated to learn new technologies. The second reason was high dropout rate, where almost half of them enter in job market, keeping in view this trend it was necessary to develop technology literate workforce. Now as the technology has flooded in and new generation is exposed to it from birth so it is necessary to know perceptions about computer science curriculum. Major purpose of this research was to explore the perception of secondary school computer science curriculum. Population of the study includes the entire student enrolled at secondary school level in the subject of computer science curriculum their teachers and principals. The sample of the study was selected through convenient sampling and forty students (20=male, 20=female) took part in focus group discussion. Eight teachers and four principals were also part of the study. A focus group discussion guide was prepared to conduct discussion with students, while interview schedules were used to take data from teachers and principals. Scores of students in the subject of computer science were also taken from students and counter checked from the school administration to examine effectiveness of course. The results showed that students and teachers are not quite satisfied with current curriculum. On the other hand scores of the subject were not very high showing and loophole in effectiveness of the computer science curriculum. On the basis of results it is suggested that measures should be taken to not only improve curriculum but also for provision of physical facilities required to teach computer sciences
Education and Neo Colonization: A critique of English Literature Curriculum in Pakistan
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Decentralization in Education in Pakistan: Performance and Problems of the Principles of Higher Secondary and Secondary Schools
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CLASSROOM SOCIAL BEHAVIOR OF HEARING IMPAIRED CHILDREN
Get PDFsocial adaption, long-term relationships, and the development of cognition, emotion and personality in unique and important ways. Children with hearing impairment often have some degree of language and/or speech delay, which is a major factor affecting their social interaction with peers. The present research was aimed at the study of classroom social behavior of hearing impaired children at primary level. The research was descriptive and direct observation method was used to identify the positive and negative social behavior of hearing impaired children exhibited in the classroom and at playground. 50 hearing impaired children including male and female studying in classes I to V of special education centers for children with hearing impairment at Islamabad were selected randomly. A checklist was used to identify the social behavior. The items were developed on the indicators of classroom social behavior of hearing impaired children such as respect of elders, sharing, rebel, aggressive behavior, cooperation, fighting, calm and quiet, follow the instructions, teasing others, and friendly etc.On the basis of research findings it was concluded that most of hearing impaired children respect their elders, remain calm and quite during lesson, do not share their things with other students, do not rebel during lesson. Most of them cooperate with others during group activities, stay away from fighting during group activities, and follow the rules in playing group games. Some of them get angry when other students distract them from their studies, do not tease their friends. The male children immediately become frustrated when they can’t solve a problem and become aggressive (violent) when something goes against their will.It was recommended that creating awareness of classroom social behavior in hearing impaired children can change their behavior positively. Moreover, hearing impaired children should be motivated and encouraged to move in a positive social life
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION: PREPARATION OF TEACHERS, CHALLENGES IN CLASSROOM AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
Get PDFThe focus of this study was to examine the preparation of teachers, challenges in classroom and future prospects of inclusive education system in Pakistan. The major research questions of the study were: What is the attitude of teachers working in inclusive schools towards inclusive education? What is the preparation level of teachers working in the inclusive schools? What are the challenges faced by the teachers in these schools along with the future prospects of inclusive education system in Pakistan. It was a descriptive study and the researcher used semi-structured interview and accessibility checklist to collect qualitative and quantitative data to answer the research questions. The validated instruments were administered to six principals and twelve teachers working in inclusive schools. The study revealed that the teachers working in the inclusive education schools have not got proper training to work with the students having special needs. Moreover the accessibility of school infrastructure does not address the needs of all student. Curriculum, equipments, teaching learning aids and assessment methods also need to be readjusted. Principals and teachers have mixed opinions (positive as well as negative) about the success of inclusive education system in mainstream schools. They suggested that government may invest more financial and technical resources to train teachers and provide technological equipments if they want to integrate students with special into regular classrooms
A STUDY ON THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MOTIVATIONAL CLASSROOM STRATEGIES AS CONCEIVED BY SCIENCE TEACHERS AT SECONDARY LEVEL
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to investigate teachers’ use of classroom motivationalstrategies during their teaching to secondary school science classes. Motivationalstrategies are always helpful for the teachers in the classroom to achieve their goals. Themain objective of the study was to determine the motivational classroom strategies usedby secondary school science teachers during their science lessons. The study was limitedto collect data from secondary school science teachers who were teaching to grade 9thand 10th science students. The study was descriptive and a questionnaire comprising 25closed ended statements was developed on 5 point Likert type scale to collect the datafrom 256 secondary school science teachers teaching science subjects in secondaryschools of two districts of Multan division; Multan and district Vehari. The results ofpresent study showed that teacher motivation is related to teachers’ use of motivatingstrategies, which in turn are related to student motivation. It was also noticed thatEnglish medium school teachers use these strategies more frequently as compared toUrdu medium schools teachers. Gender wise analysis also revealed that male teachersare more frequent and enthusiastic to use motivational strategies in their scienceclassroom as compared to female science teachers