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Early Birds or Night Owls: Who is Getting the Best Sleep?
Get PDFChronotyping is categorizing individuals based on their sleep schedules. The two chronotypes are morning-types (M-type) and eveningtypes (E-types; Montralu et al., 2021). Heinrich et al. (2021) found that M-type individuals experienced better sleep quality than E-type individuals. Approximately 200 full time working individuals aged 20+ will be surveyed on their chronotype, sleep quality, and preferred exercise time. We hypothesize that M-type individuals will report better sleep quality than E-type individuals and will use an independent samples t-test to assess this. Additionally, we will categorize participants on matching or non-matching of chronotype and preferred exercise timing. The expectation is that the matching individuals will report better sleep quality than non-matching individuals. This can be important for anyone trying to optimize recovery from exercise, especially if there are significant differences in matching/non-matching of exercise timing and chronotype on sleep quality. The benefits are for physical and mental health
Benedictine Art and Design: How Color Psychology Can Positively Influence Department Enrollment
Get PDFThis thesis examines how design strategies informed by color psychology and experimental aesthetics can be used to strengthen the visual identity and recruitment efforts of the Benedictine College Art & Design Department (BCAD). Following the recent addition of Graphic Design as a major and the department’s name change in 2021, there has been a noticeable gap in public awareness and printed promotional materials tailored to prospective students. Grounded in theoretical frameworks, such as D. E. Berlyne’s optimal arousal theory, and supported by survey responses from current Art & Design students, this project identifies key needs in marketing to prospective students. This project addresses the gap through a research-driven campaign designed to elevate the department’s visibility while maintaining alignment and cohesion with Benedictine College’s brand identity
Creatine supplementation is safe, beneficial throughout the lifespan, and should not be restricted
Get PDFAs researchers investigating creatine supplementation, we have become increasingly concerned about reports that government agencies are attempting to restrict the sale of dietary supplements, including dietary supplements containing creatine, to children and adolescents. Creatine is a naturally occurring compound found in every cell in the human body that plays a critical role in cellular metabolism. The daily turnover of creatine is about 2–4 grams/day, depending on muscle mass and physical activity levels (1, 2). About half of the daily need for creatine is synthesized in the body from amino acids (arginine, glycine, methionine) and stored as free creatine or phosphocreatine in muscle, brain, heart, and other tissues (1). The remaining daily need to maintain normal cell and tissue levels of creatine primarily comes from consuming meat and fish. For example, one pound (16 oz.) of red meat and fish contains about 1–2 grams of creatine. In the cells, creatine changes into phosphocreatine, a compound vital in maintaining cellular energy availability, particularly during metabolically stressful conditions like intense exercise, periods of injury or illness, and some metabolic diseases with applications for diverse populations across a wide age range.
Creatine is essential to promote normal energy metabolism and healthy growth and maturation in children and adolescents (Figure 1). Low dietary creatine intake has been associated with slower growth, less muscle mass, and higher body fat in children and adolescents (3). Adolescents have been reported to consume lower than recommended amounts of creatine in the diet. Despite common misconceptions, creatine has a well-supported safety profile and has been repeatedly shown to be safe, even with long-term supplementation (4, 5). Additionally, there is no evidence that children and adolescents purchasing and taking creatine-containing supplements cause adverse health effects and/or increase the likelihood of eating disorders or use of performance-enhancing drugs. Conversely, individuals who take creatine are interested in improving health, exercise performance, gaining muscle mass, and improving their physique. While meat and fish are natural sources of creatine, they can be expensive and high in calories. A food-first approach is always recommended, meaning that dietary sources of creatine should be prioritized whenever possible. However, due to cost, accessibility, and other potential barriers, dietary supplementation of creatine monohydrate or supplements and foods fortified with creatine monohydrate are a cost-effective way to ensure that children and adolescents obtain enough creatine in their diet to promote healthy growth and maturation. Creatine supplementation has also been shown to be safe and have clinically meaningful benefits in pediatric disorders, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and disorders of creatine metabolism.
Legislation restricting the sale of creatine-containing products to children and adolescents is not based on scientific evidence which strongly supports the importance of creatine in the diet and its safety as a supplement. Moreover, creatine supplementation is not associated with eating disorders (6), and any claim suggesting the contrary is not rooted in scientific evidence. These false claims and reckless speculation regarding the dangers of creatine supplementation may discourage the use of creatine by minors, parents of minors, and healthcare professionals from recommending creatine supplementation, a nutrient that offers a plethora of health and performance-related benefits for all populations. This may further reduce the availability of creatine in children’s and adolescents’ diets, impairing growth and maturation and negatively impacting the development of a healthy body composition. Lobbying groups and legislatures should base laws on the available science, not speculation, unfounded hypotheses, or politics. We provide the following scientific facts about creatine to help those proposing legislative efforts to limit the availability of creatine in children and adolescents make more informed legislation
The Call, May 2025
Get PDFThe Call is an electronic newsletter produced by the Lindenwood College of Arts and Humanities
Pottery as a Socio-economic Marker in Prehistoric Burials Along the Southern Coast of South Korea
Get PDFThis thesis investigates the role of pottery as a socio-economic marker in prehistoric burials along the southern coast of South Korea, with a focus on the Late Jeulmun to Early/Mid-Mumun Pottery Periods. Through an interdisciplinary analysis of burial sites at Janghang (Gadeok-do), Sangchonri, and Yulha-ri, the study examines how ceramic design, placement, and associated grave goods reflect evolving social structures within early Korean communities. While pottery has long been examined through functional and chronological lenses, this research considers its symbolic and cultural value in funerary contexts. Findings suggest that pottery served not only utilitarian or ritual purposes, but increasingly signaled socio-economic differentiation—particularly as craft specialization intensified and access to prestige goods like jade, obsidian, and lacquerware expanded through trade. Variations in pottery design, burial construction, and artifact assemblages reveal patterns of emerging hierarchy, spiritual practice, and cultural exchange. Ultimately, this study argues that material culture—specifically funerary pottery—offers a critical lens through which to understand socio-economic transformation and identity formation in prehistoric Korea
The Transformative Impact of User-Created Mods Within Fallout: New Vegas
Get PDFVideo game modding is one of the fastest growing trends in the gaming industry and it is changing how players interact with games. Review of current literature and research shows that these modders are an integral part of the gaming market. Using the principles of participatory culture and digital aesthetics, this research investigates how modding practices serve as both a form of creative expression and an inspiration for technological innovation within the video game industry. Video game modifications serve as catalysts for creative expression, foster the development of innovative user communities, prolong the life of game titles, cultivate a pool of skilled content creators, attract a wider audience, and increase the opportunities to tailor personalization. Specifically, this research examines the impact of converting classic 2D Fallout assets into high-fidelity 3D models within Fallout: New Vegas. Additionally, evidence is given to support that the project “High-Fidelity Classic Fallout Prop Pack” effects these same impacts. The methodology is qualitative in that it examines the experiences, connections, and behaviors of both individuals and groups within the video game community. By analyzing the impact of advanced modding techniques on legacy game aesthetics, this study contributes to contemporary debates on digital cultural preservation and underscores the potential of modding as a critical driver of innovation in game design. The trend of game modding is changing the gaming industry. Players are an inseparable part of the gaming market, and as more of them dive into game modding, this circle of impact will continue to expand
Image from the Winter 2025 Dance Concert, Lindenwood University
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.lindenwood.edu/sd_2024-2025_images/1125/thumbnail.jp
Image from the Winter 2025 Dance Concert, Lindenwood University
No full texthttps://digitalcommons.lindenwood.edu/sd_2024-2025_images/1173/thumbnail.jp