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"Each generation must out of relative obscurity discover its mission"
No full textOn Wednesday, 21 October 2015, Rhodes University closed in solidarity with the higher education sector as students and staff embarked on nationwide protest action against the shortage of funding in the South African higher education sector. #FeesMustFall is a national student led protest movement that began in mid-October 2015 in response to proposed increases in fees at South African universities. These images depict the peaceful march and illustrate the extent of solidarity among staff, students and community members who joined in support of the protest
Prof Larry Strelitz
No full textOn Wednesday, 21 October 2015, Rhodes University closed in solidarity with the higher education sector as students and staff embarked on nationwide protest action against the shortage of funding in the South African higher education sector. #FeesMustFall is a national student led protest movement that began in mid-October 2015 in response to proposed increases in fees at South African universities. These images depict the peaceful march and illustrate the extent of solidarity among staff, students and community members who joined in support of the protest
Socio-economic factors influencing the adoption of in-field rainwater harvesting technololgy for enhancing household food security by small holder farmers in the Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape Province
No full textInfield rainwater harvesting (IRWH) technology has been used in arid and semi-arid parts of
the world and promising results have been achieved in terms of increasing yield. The main aim of this study was to identify socio-economic factors determining the adoption of IRWH technology for enhancing household food security by smallholder farmers.
The specific objectives were to assess the level of adoption of IRWH technology using descriptive statistics (mean, frequency and percentages). To determine socio-economic factors influencing adoption of IRWH technology, the binary logistic regression mode l was used. To determine whether adopters of IRWH technology are more food secure than non-adopters, the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) was used as a measure for household food security. For the same objective, to determine socio-economic factors that influence household food security, the binary logistic regression model was also used and adoption of IRWH technology became an independent variable. The study was conducted in Khayalethu, Guquka and Krwakrwa villages in Nkonkobe Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province (EC). The unit of analysis was the individual smallholder farmers practicing agriculture. The availability (accidental) and snowball sampling techniques were used to select 34, 23, 63 respondents from Khayalethu, Guquka and Krwakrwa villages respectively. Since they are non-random, these sampling methods are problematic because of sampling errors. Overall, a sample size of 120 smallholder farmers was targeted for the interviews. Primary and secondary data collected was coded and analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Results were presented using graphs, pie charts and tables (including cross-tables). The descriptive results showed that adoption status of IRWH technology was low in these areas, with 79% not adopting the technology. Food insecurity was high amongst the non-adopters with 86%. On the basis of descriptive analysis it can be concluded that any change in each one of the significant variables can significantly influence the probability of adopting IRWH technology and household food security. The results from the logistic regression model for the incidence of adoption revealed that 6 out of 16 variables were significant, three at 1% (access to extension services, access to information and farmers’ perception towards the IRWH technology); one at 5% (access to market) and two at 10% (access to hired labour and farm income). For the incidence of household food security, out of 17 variables, 6 were significant, three at 1% (adoption of the IRWH technology, access to extension services and farmers’ perception towards the IRWH technology); two at 5% (access to hired labour and household income) and one at 10% (household size). The empirical findings of this study indicate that there are socio-economic factors influencing adoption of IRWH technology and household food security amongst smallholder farmers. This study recommends that the government should provide extension officers and research stations with the capacity, support and physical means to expose smallholder farmers to the IRWH technology through demonstrations and trainings. The government can also introduce agricultural finance institutions in rural areas to assist the rural smallholder farmers to increase their access to credit.
Further, it is recommended that smallholder farmers can expand to the communal croplands in order to gain more land size and work as a co-operative or as an association to ease labour constraints.
Keywords: smallholder farmers, adoption, in-field rainwater harvesting technology, increased yield, household dietary diversity score, household food security, adopters, non-adopters, binary logistic mode
The effects of distance, lairage duration and animal The effects of distance, lairage duration and animal The effects of distance, lairage duration and animalThe effects of distance, lairage duration and animal The effects of distance, lairage duration and animalThe effects of distance, lairage duration and animalThe effects of distance, lairage duration and animal The effects of distance, lairage duration and animal The effects of distance, lairage duration and animal The effects of distance, lairage duration and animalThe effects of distance, lairage duration and animal The effects of distance, lairage duration and animalThe effects of distance, lairage duration and animal The effects of distance, lairage duration and animal The effects of distance, lairage duration and animalThe effects of distance, lairage duration and animalThe effects of distance, lairage duration and animalThe effects of distance, lairage duration and animal-related related related factors on pre factors on pre factors on pre-slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, nanostructure and technological properties of beef nanostructure and technological properties of beef nanostructure and technological properties of beef nanostructure and technological properties of beef nanostructure and technological properties of beef nanostructure and technological properties of beef nanostructure and technological properties of beef nanostructure and technological properties of beef nanostructure and technological properties of beefnanostructure and technological properties of beef nanostructure and technological properties of beef nanostructure and technological properties of beefnanostructure and technological properties of beef nanostructure and technological properties of beef .
No full textThe main objective of the current study was to determine the effect of distance travelled (DT), lairage duration (LDhr) and animal-related factors (animal class, breed, sex) on pre-slaughter stress indicators, carcass characteristics, nanostructure and technological properties of beef. The study was conducted in an Eastern Cape abattoir under the Buffalo City District Municipality. Six genotypes of cattle (Beefmaster, Bonsmara, Brahman, Holstein-Friesian, Non-descript and Nguni) brought for slaughter at the abattoir on different days were used in the study. Slaughter weight (SWT), warm and cold carcass weight (WCW and CCW), fatness and conformation of each animal were measured and recorded. Representative samples of blood plasma and meat quality from the Muscularis thoracis et lumborum (LTL) were collected at slaughter and 24 hours after slaughter, respectively. Heat shock proteins 70kDa (HSPA1A), glucose (GLU), cortisol (CORT), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined from the blood plasma. The representative LTL muscle was used to determine ultimate pH (pHu), lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), meat temperature (Tm), Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) and histological structure of beef. There were significant effects of distance on pHu, Tm, a*, b*, TL%, CK and LDH. Pearson correlations were observed between distance travelled (DT), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ultimate pH (pHu), colour coordinates (L*, a* and b*) and Warner Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the 1st (pHu), 2nd (Tm) and 3rd (L*) principal components were the critical meat quality attributes. Positive relationships
between carcass weights and beef quality characteristics for bovine cattle where the cumulative percentage of the first six principal component`s (PC`s) (SWT, WCW, CCW, DP, pHu and Tm contributed to 93.4 % of the total variance. Significant correlation coefficients between DT (r = 0.15), LDhr (r = 0.29), Ta (r = -0.52), Tm (r = 0.26), L* (r = 0.33), a* (r = 0.32) and WBSF (r = -0.49) were observed. Meat from Brahman (BR), Non-descript (ND) and Nguni (NG) cows had visible skeletal muscle fibres which were thin and long indicating improved tenderness of beef. Exposing animals to longer hours of transportation did not only reduce glucose levels but also increased the expression of HSPA1A and levels of cortisol. The CK and LDH were not related to beef quality. Therefore, CK and LDH can be used as indicators of animal welfare in slaughter cattle but cannot be used to predict the quality of meat. Bulls were the heaviest, although heifers had the highest dressing percentage than cows. Furthermore, the nanostructure of beef indicated that heifers had the best muscle fibres, sarcomere length and visible intercalated discs. The observed nanostructures of Nguni genotype are an indication of tender meat. Beef from heifers of Nguni had visible and tender meat with traces of intramuscular fat while males had shorter sarcomere length and tougher meat.
Keywords: Eigenvalues, HSPA1A, glucose, meat quality, muscle fibres, nanostructure, pre-slaughter stress, road transportation, scanning electron microscope, stress biomarkers, ultimate p
Isolation and characterisation of lignocellulose degrading bacteria from Tyume river in the eastern cape province, South Africa
No full textThis study focuses on the isolation and characterization of bacteria from lignocellulosic biomass obtained from the sediments of the Tyume River in Alice, Eastern Cape and to determine those bacterial isolates with good potential for modification and decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass for industrial application. Several bacterial isolates were recovered and screened for ability to degrade various lignocellulosic materials. Nine of the isolates were positive for lignocellulolytic activity. Four isolates were cellulase positive and six were xylanase positive. Moreover, one isolate (SB1) was positive for both xylanase and cellulase activities and showed the best hydrolysis zone on solid media. This isolate was then chosen as the best and identified molecularly. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis indicated that SB1 was a Bacillus cereus species. Factors affecting the cellulose and xylanase enzyme production by the organisms were studied. The organisms produced the enzymes maximally at earlier hours of incubation (12-30 hr) and optimally at acidic pH (3-5) and at moderate temperatures (35-45ºC). SB1 appears to hold promise in the decomposition of lignocellulosic wastes
Entrepreneurial Skills 1: ENT 1001/ ENS 1113
No full textExamination on Entrepreneurial Skills 1: ENT 1001/ ENS 113, May/June 201
Financial Management III : FIM 3011
No full textExamination on Financial Management III : FIM3011, June 201
Business Analysis 111: BANL3110
No full textExamination Business Analysis 111: BANL3110, Supp Jan 201