Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Penser en caractères mobiles en 1900. Le linéaire B à l’Université d’Oxford
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Stochastic homogenization of HJ equations: a differential game approach
No full textInternational audienceWe prove stochastic homogenization for a class of non-convex and non-coercive first-order Hamilton-Jacobi equations in a finite-range of dependence environment for Hamiltonians that can be expressed by a max-min formula. We make use of the representation of the solution as a value function of a differential game to implement a game-theoretic approach to the homogenization problem
Changing Movements in a Changing World: Modelling Early Pleistocene and Early Middle Pleistocene Climatic and Ecological Environments and Influences on Hominin Dispersal in Eurasia
No full textInternational audienceIn a world of drastic climatic and ecological changes, our knowledge of how the environment influenced hominin behaviour is of the utmost importance. Archaeology plays a key role in this domain, as it is the only discipline that studies empirical evidence of past societies' responses to environmental change. Computational models generating predictions about past climatic and ecological conditions are vital for understanding the archaeological record and how these factors shaped the dispersal of hominins out of Africa and into Eurasia during the Early and early Middle Pleistocene. In this paper, various models for past reconstructions of climatic and ecological conditions and simulation techniques are presented to provide an overview of the diverse approaches, possibilities, advantages and constraints of using computational reconstructions in archaeological research. Focusing on studies of hominin dispersals out of Africa and into Eurasia during the Early and early Middle Pleistocene, this paper discusses the links between environmental factors and hominin dispersal behaviour. The use of simulation techniques to represent hominin populations, such as cellular automata or agent-based modelling, can contribute to connecting small-scale environmentinduced influences on hominins to large-scale patterns, supported by ecological theories of species survival and spatial behaviour. Collectively, these approaches provide an elaborate foundation for understanding environmental influences on past hominin dispersals
Relative pollen productivity estimates from India: A step towards quantitative reconstruction of past plant abundance
No full textInternational audiencePollen records and models of pollen–vegetation relationships are required to reconstruct past plant abundances during the Holocene to answer specific questions on climate history, human impact, biodiversity, and their interactions. An important parameter for model applications is pollen productivity, estimated as relative pollen productivity (RPP) using a modern dataset of pollen assemblages and related plant cover using the extended R value (ERV) model. We present here the first study performed in India to obtain estimates of RPP for key plant taxa of the tropical dry evergreen forest (TDEF) formations in southeastern India. Pollen samples collected following standard protocols at 14 sites with a stratified random distribution provided 96 identified pollen morphotypes corresponding to 228 plant species in the field surveys. To facilitate comparison of these results with RPP values obtained in other tropical regions, the approach and programs of Sugita were used. Several combinations of 20 selected pollen morphotypes were deployed in the model runs that comprised different combinations of three Prentice–Sugita ERV submodels, with three pollen dispersion models for distance weighting of the vegetation data. The best RPP estimates were obtained for six major TDEF plant taxa including the reference taxon Poaceae with ERV submodel 3 and Prentice's dispersion model, as follows (±SD): Justicia ‐t. (herb) (19.02 ± 0.11) > Dodonaea viscosa (shrub) (17.70 ± 0.03) > Acacia ‐t. (tree) (13.48 ± 0.11) > Melastomataceae/Combretaceae (tree) (4.22 ± 0.01) > Randia (shrub) (1.97 ± 0.02) > Poaceae (herb) (1.00 ± 0.00). While several of these taxa occur elsewhere in Asia, the Caribbean and Africa, published RPP values for comparison are only available for Acacia ‐t. and Melastomataceae/Combretaceae in Africa. They differ greatly from the values in this study, implying a strong pollen underrepresentation of the two taxa compared to Poaceae in Africa, while there is a strong pollen overrepresentation for the same two taxa in southern India. This is tentatively explained by the different constituent species involved and differences in landscape structure and related field work strategies. These results highlight that large between‐continent differences in RPPs for the same taxa may occur
XROI-GS: Real-time XR Interactive Inspection of High-quality Objects of Interest in a 3D Gaussian Splats Scene
No full textInternational audienceWe present XROI-GS, an immersive XR framework enabling real-time exploration and interaction with complex real-world scenes. The system addresses the challenge of delivering photorealistic detail for user-specified objects within large-scale scenes while maintaining realtime XR performance. Our demonstration showcases a cultural heritage scene from the Hôtel de la Marine museum, where users can freely explore the scene space and naturally interact with historical artifacts using controller-free virtual hands. Our contribution is an automatic mechanism that significantly improves the visual quality of objects: when a user approaches or interacts with an artifact, the system enhances its resolution to increase rendering quality. In addition, we provide physically based manipulation for realistic and intuitive object handling. This framework democratizes access to fragile cultural treasures by enabling close inspection and interaction impossible in traditional museum settings, opening new possibilities for digital heritage preservation and public engagement.</div
Expert-guided multi-objective optimization: An efficient strategy for parameter estimation of biological systems with limited data
No full textInternational audienceCalibrating biological models is challenging due to high-dimensional parameter spaces and the limited availability of reliable experimental data. In this study, we propose a hybrid calibration framework that integrates expert knowledge into a multi-objective optimization process. We have evaluated three multi-objective optimization algorithm (NSGA-III, MOEA/D and MO-TPE) with our framework to combine hard constraints derived from biological measurements with soft constraints encoding qualitative domain expertise, such as expected curve shapes or event timing. This dual-constraint strategy guides the search toward biologically plausible parameter sets while preserving flexibility and interpretability. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on a benchmark model of skin wound healing, comparing it to standard and unconstrained optimization strategies. Results show that the framework reduces the risk of overfitting to sparse time-course data by favoring dynamically plausible trajectories that satisfy expert-guided soft constraints, increasing the proportion of biologically plausible solutions generated from 1.8% ± 1.3 to 24.3% ± 8.6 for NSGA-III without constraint to NSGA-III with 6 constraints, respectively (p<0.0001). The framework is flexible, iterative, and generalizable, offering a principled way to leverage domain knowledge for model calibration in complex biological systems
Le « commun distinct ». Mémoires de la Jungle de Tristan Garcia, ou : Portrait du jeune singe en artiste
No full textInternational audienceDoogie, le héros de Mémoire de la Jungle, est l'incarnation du « commun distinct », du « moindre de nous » : il s'offre comme une actualisation organique des thèses philosophiques de Tristan Garcia, par une tension constante vers l'idéal, vers un paradis qui n'est pas tant une transcendance que ce qu'il y a de plus concret, la relation sensible animée par la pensée qui sauve
Materiality in Alice Munro's Short Fiction
No full textThis Special Issue of Short Fiction in Theory and Practice , edited by Corinne Bigot (University of Toulouse) and Christine Lorre (University of Caen), is devoted to ‘Alice Munro and Materiality’. Approaching Munro’s work through the prism of materiality is a way to revisit the questions of the apparent ‘realism’ of her writing, which leads to re-examining the relation between materiality and the immaterial for a writer, or any artist. Material matters are a powerful entry point into a woman’s world-view, the life of the imagination, the human psyche – including its most sombre corners – which altogether constitute Munro’s material as a writer. To illustrate ways to investigate this research direction, which is taken up by the articles of the issue, this editorial sketches out how materiality generates images that are related alternately to the body, domestic violence, memories and emotions, and the manyfold significance of houses
No evidence of bowhunting in Magdalenian antler points: Comment on Langley and Lombard (2025)
No full textInternational audienceIn the study of prehistoric projectile points, the tip cross-sectional area method (TCSA) is often used to hypothesize about projectile delivery mode. In a recent article, Langley and Lombard applied this method, combined with point mass, to Magdalenian antler points from southwest France. Their results suggest the likelihood of bowhunting at some sites, and one point subtype, the Lussac-Angles point, is particularly highlighted as possible arrow tip because of its low TCSA and mass. However, the methods used in this study underestimate TCSA and mass, particularly when composite weapon tips are considered. Experimental evidence shows that Lussac-Angles points can be used with the spearthrower, and there is also archeological and experimental evidence of use with the spearthrower for fork-based points, another type of Magdalenian antler point that has a TCSA similar to the Lussac-Angles points. These findings refute the evidence of bowhunting in Magdalenian antler points and offer another example of the problems raised by the use of the TCSA method to reconstruct past weapon systems
Pourquoi mon filtre antispam fonctionne-t-il si mal ?
No full textLes filtres antispam restent poreux car les attaquants conçoivent en permanence des contenus adversariaux (obfuscation textuelle, images, homoglyphes, segmentation) qui contournent les modèles statistiques et d’apprentissage automatique, exploitant leurs limites de généralisation et de robustesse