Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Le processus de concertation comme outil de recueil de données au service de la recherche, au service du terrain : Adaptabilité et inclusivité
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Les communautés de Haute-Provence face aux évènements météorologiques extrêmes à la fin du Moyen Âge. Début d’enquête
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Feminismo rural frente ao Bolsonarismo
No full textCe numéro spécial de la revue ORDA s’intéresse aux résistances de femmes rurales brésiliennes en contexte autoritaire. Il s’agit de saisir la matérialité du quotidien sous le mandat de Jair Bolsonaro (2019-2022), en documentant aussi bien les stratégies sociales et politiques de militantes comme des personnes non investies politiquement. L’attention est portée sur le quotidien de communautés ou de collectifs inscrits dans des économies de subsistance, les alternatives, les résistances territoriales et nationales, etc. Il est question, dans ce numéro, d’opérer une plongée dans la vie courante afin de saisir concrètement, socialement et politiquement le sens de la quotidianité sous Bolsonaro
Integrating pollinators’ movements into pollination models
No full textInternational audienceAccurate prediction of pollination processes is a key challenge for sustainable food production and the conservation of natural ecosystems. For many plants, pollen dispersal is mediated by the foraging movements of nectarivore animals. While most current models of pollination ecology assume random pollen movements, studies in animal behaviour show how pollinating insects, birds and bats rely on sensory cues, learning and memory to visit flowers, thereby producing complex movement patterns. Building upon a brief review of pollination and movement models, we argue that we need to better consider pollinators’ cognition to improve predictions of animal-mediated pollination across all spatial scales, from individual flowers, to plants, habitat patches and landscapes. We propose a practical roadmap for the integration of behavioural models into pollination models and discuss how this synthesis can refine predictions regarding plant mating patterns and fitness. Such crosstalk between animal behaviour and plant ecology research will provide powerful mechanistic tools to predict and act on pollination services in the context of a looming crisis
Branching Brownian motion versus Random Energy Model in the supercritical phase: overlap distribution and temperature susceptibility
No full text48 pagesInternational audienceIn comparison with Derrida's REM, we investigate the influence of the so-called decoration processes arising in the limiting extremal processes of numerous log-correlated Gaussian fields. In particular, we focus on the branching Brownian motion and two specific quantities from statistical physics in the vicinity of the critical temperature. The first one is the two-temperature overlap, whose behavior at criticality is smoothened by the decoration process - unlike the one-temperature overlap which is identical - and the second one is the temperature susceptibility, as introduced by Sales and Bouchaud, which is strictly larger in the presence of decorations and diverges, close to the critical temperature, at the same speed as for the REM but with a different multiplicative constant. We also study some general decorated cases in order to highlight the fact that the BBM has a critical behavior in some sense to be made precise
Journée Métal France 2025 - Protection & Conservation du Patrimoine MétalliqueLe Métal en danger et les dangers du Métal
No full textInternational audienceThe main aim of protecting our metal heritage is to ensure that it can be passed on to future generations. But beyond the aspects of preventive or curative protection, the durability of the metal, of its cultural, social and artistic vector, is also a priority. This applies just as much to recurring phenomena caused by deterioration or pollution, as it does to 'dramatic' events, from the scale of a workshop to that of a building. This also applies to the rarer cases where the dangers of metal as a source of pollution can also be considered a posteriori as 'positive' elements of human activity and serve as a historical marker.For this METAL France day, the papers will focus on the question of identifying risks (environment and metal concerned) and preventing them. Topics will include the deterioration of metal heritage and risk prevention in "extreme" cases (shipwrecks, war, etc.) or "simple" incidents or blunders (fire, flooding). It will also cover emergency response to damage, post-damage removal, development of sensors and preventive solutions. The dangers of metal for heritage also covers cases where metal presents a danger to the environment (toxic and radioactive emissions (asbestos, mercury, beryllium, lead, etc.), pollution (peat bogs, aquatic environments, etc.), while sometimes being a remarkable trace of human activity.Finally, this truly interdisciplinary day will look at medium-term conservation in 'usual' contexts (museums, private collections, local authorities, etc.) as well as 'hostile' contexts (e.g. aggressive environments, polluted sites, armed conflicts, complex administrative procedures, etc.).These aspects will be addressed through case studies on sites and in laboratories, feedback from field experience and dedicated methodological approaches.La protection du patrimoine métallique a pour principale objectif d’en permettre la transmission. Mais, au-delà des aspects de protection préventive ou curative, la pérennité du métal, de son vecteur culturel, social et artistique, est aussi à privilégier. Ceci concerne tout autant les phénomènes récurrents induits par la dégradation ou la pollution, que les évènements « dramatiques » de l’échelle de l’atelier à celui d’un bâtiment. Cela concerne des cas, plus rares, où les dangers du métal comme source de pollution, peuvent aussi être considérés a posteriori comme des éléments « positifs » d’activités humaines et servir de marqueur historique.Pour cette journée METAL France, les communications seront centrées sur la question de l’identification des risques (environnement et métal concerné) et de leur prévention. Sera ainsi abordée la dégradation du patrimoine métallique ainsi que la prévention des risques dans les cas « extrêmes » (naufrages, guerre...) ou de « simples » incidents ou maladresses (incendie, inondation). Elle traitera également des interventions d’urgence après sinistre, retraitements après sinistre, mise au point de capteurs et solutions préventives. Les dangers du métal pour le patrimoine, concerne aussi les cas où le métal présente un danger pour l’environnement (émanations toxiques et radioactives (amiante, mercure, béryllium, plomb…), pollution (tourbières, milieu aquatique, ...), tout ou étant parfois un remarquable traceurs d’activités anthropiques.Enfin, cette journée véritablement interdisciplinaire abordera la conservation à moyen terme en contexte « usuel » (musée, collections privées, collectivités…) mais aussi « hostile » (ex. milieu agressif, site pollué, conflits armés, complexité administrative, …).Ces aspects seront abordés par des cas d’études sur sites et en laboratoire, des retours d’expérience de terrain et aussi via des approches méthodologiques dédiées
Edge-Computing-Enabled Hybrid and Multi-Objective Geographic Routing for Mesh IoT Networks: an IMOGWO-based Approach
No full textInternational audienceDue to their robustness and resource limitations, IoT objects pose several multi-objectiveoptimization challenges, making routing in mesh IoT networks a critical issue. Meanwhile,meta-heuristic and multi-objective optimization approaches provide promising results. Thispaper proposes a novel geographical, hybrid and multi-objective routing method for IoTmesh networks. Routing is formulated as an optimization problem with multiple objec-tive functions. The proposed Improved Multi-Objective Gray Wolf Optimizer (IMOGWO)meta-heuristic is applied between communicating objects in a distributed manner to solveand optimize routing decisions. The work presents the first application and evaluation ofIMOGWO to a real-world problem, specifically routing in IoT mesh networks. CombinedIoT simulations (using both real and simulated nodes) are performed to evaluate the intro-duced approach and show its effectiveness in comparison to other existing routing methods,including MOGWO-based routing, an AcNSGA-III-based QoS routing and a BFOA-basedgeographical routing algorithm. Results indicate that the proposed approach enhances net-work performance. Particularly, IMOGWO increases the stability period by 9.30% comparedto MOGWO, 20.51% compared to AcNSGA-III and 38.24% compared to BFOA. In addition,it ensures a better packet delivery ratio (92.2%). Furthermore, it maintains a lower averagetransmission latency (1.93s) than AcNSGA-III and BFOA. The improvements demonstratethat IMOGWO optimizes routing for IoT mesh networks effectively
Scalable and consistent embedding of probability measures into Hilbert spaces via measure quantization
No full textThis paper is focused on statistical learning from data that come as probability measures. In this setting, popular approaches consist in embedding such data into a Hilbert space with either Linearized Optimal Transport or Kernel Mean Embedding. However, the cost of computing such embeddings prohibits their direct use in large-scale settings. We study two methods based on measure quantization for approximating input probability measures with discrete measures of small-support size. The first one is based on optimal quantization of each input measure, while the second one relies on mean-measure quantization. We study the consistency of such approximations, and its implication for scalable embeddings of probability measures into a Hilbert space at a low computational cost. We finally illustrate our findings with various numerical experiments