Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Le projet Transformer les migrations par les arts : de la science à l’innovation
No full textInternational audienceTransMigrARTS is a European Horizon 2020 (RISE) project that aims to demonstrate how living arts practices can reduce the vulnerability of migrants https://www.transmigrarts.com// In the period of 2022-2025 artistic workshops were created, using an Applied Research Creation (ARC) methodology, that can respond to the social challenge that migration represents today.TransMigrARTS es un proyecto europeo Horizonte 2020 (RISE) que tiene como objetivo demostrar cómo las prácticas de artes vivas son capaces de reducir la vulnerabilidad de las personas migrantes https://w w w.transmigrarts.com/. Desde el 2022 hasta el 2025 se crearon talleres artísticos, con una metodología de Investigación Creación Aplicada (ICA), que puedan responder a este desafío social que constituye hoy día la migración.TransMigrARTS est un projet européen Horizon 2020 (RISE) qui vise à démontrer comment les pratiques artistiques vivantes peuvent réduire la vulnérabilité des migrants https:// www.transmigrarts.com/. Au cours de la période 2022-2025, des ateliers artistiques ont été créés, en utilisant une méthodologie de recherche création appliquée (RCA), qui peut répondre au défi social que représente la migration aujourd'hui
Accueil des adolescents migrants peu ou pas scolarisés antérieurement: apport de l'entretien et de l'évaluation en langue choisie
No full textInternational audienceLes évaluations qui permettent de placer la plupart des élèves allophones primo-arrivants ne sont pas accessibles aux élèves éloignés de l’écrit qui sont placés dans des classes face à des enseignant.e.s qui ont peu ou pas d’information sur leurs compétences et leurs parcours individuel. Dans le cadre d’une recherche collaborative entre enseignantes, formatrices, masterantes et chercheuses, Améliorer l’accueil et le suivi langagier des adolescents migrants à Toulouse (ADMiT), nous avons mis en place dans cette ville du sud de la France deux entretiens avec les adolescents scolarisés dans quatre Unités Pédagogiques pour Elèves Allophones Nouvellement Arrivés (UPE2A) et Non ou Peu scolarisés antérieurement (NSA/PSA) : un premier entretien dédié à la biographie langagière en lien avec le parcours migratoire et un deuxième entretien au moyen de l’outil transculturel d’Evaluation Langagière pour ALlophone et primo-arrivant (ELAL) (Moro et al., 2018). Les deux entretiens, d’environ 60 minutes chacun, sont conduits avec un.e interprète dans la langue que choisit l’adolescent, puis transcrits et analysés. L’objectif de notre communication est de faire un bref état des lieux du processus de scolarisation des adolescents peu scolarisés antérieurement en France telle qu’elle ressort de travaux et rapports récents (Evascol 2018, Educinclu 2019, Cour des comptes, 2023), de présenter le groupe de 10 adolescents de 15 ans et plus retenu pour l’analyse et d’analyser l’apport de l’entretien et de l’évaluation en langue choisie l’entrée de l’adolescent dans la langue et en particulier dans l’écrit
Diving in Complexity: a Commons Approach to the long-term Governance of Tangible, Intangible and Hybrid Resources Shaping Agroecosystems in the Aubrac Highlands (France)
No full textInternational audienceTangible (environmental) or intangible (knowledge) shared resources can be managed as commons. Recently, scholars theorised that in all socio-ecological systems, community members share knowledge regarding the tangible resource to ensure its sustainable management. However, it appears that sometimes tangible and intangible components can be simultaneously present within the same shared resource, which we identify as ‘hybrid’. This complexity is particularly evident where heterogeneous and entangled resources, traditionally rooted in a specific place, are valued by actors as the expression of their collective identity and as a commodifiable ‘productive heritage’.This communication analyses a case study involving the management of tangible, intangible and hybrid resources embedded in the Aubrac region. Located in the centre of France, it is well known for its mountain landscapes and cultural heritage. Over time, it has favoured the development of productive activities valorising the local cattle breed, the ‘Aubrac cow’ (namely livestock farming). For almost 60 years, local stakeholders have engaged in collective action strategies to valorise and protect the local productive tangible and intangible heritage, as well as the place-based reputation attached to the name ‘Aubrac’. In parallel, the need of countervailing uncertainty due to economic and ecological perturbations pushed stakeholders to pool new information and existing knowledge to develop innovative institutional and organisational configurations. In this context, we identify five interconnected tangible, intangible and hybrid resources, including the local breed, the place-based reputation and community's long-term capacity to innovate, create and exchange value.Drawing on original fieldwork data and previous studies, we characterise these resources and show the links between them. We then identify the collective action problems affecting these resources and the community-based institutional responses to ensure their sustainability. With this study, we set the frame for a new methodological approach to analyse the long-term governance of localised productive resources
The Impact of COVID-19 on HBO's Westworld Season 4: The Rejection of the Posthuman Body
No full textInternational audienceAbstract: Although Westworld (2016–2022), HBO's television series, was from the start about infection and contagion, its approach changed in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article aims at determining the impact of the coronavirus crisis on the perception of the posthuman body in the fourth season of the show. Symbiosis between man and machine is made more horrifying by the post-COVID reactivation of fear triggered by zombie tropes and by the uncanny effect of machine vision, propelled by the coronavirus crisis. The use of flies even makes the posthuman body abject, its leakage is no longer bearable. As bodies become obsolete, however, the viewer does not feel the joy of transhumanists but is led to mourn the world of the past
Enamel proteins reveal biological sex and genetic variability in southern African Paranthropus
No full textInternational audienceParanthropus robustus is a morphologically well-documented Early Pleistocene hominin species from southern Africa with no genetic evidence reported so far. In this work, we describe the mass spectrometric sequencing of enamel peptides from four ~2 million–year-old dental specimens attributed morphologically to P. robustus from the site of Swartkrans in South Africa. The identification of AMELY-specific peptides enabled us to assign two specimens to male individuals, whereas semiquantitative mass spectrometric data analysis attributed the other two to females. A single amino acid polymorphism and the enamel-dentine junction shape variation indicated potential subgroups present within southern African Paranthropus . This study demonstrates how palaeoproteomics can help distinguish sexual dimorphism from other sources of variation in African Early Pleistocene hominins
Les effets des gestes situés dans l'apprentissage de mots en Chinois Mandarin
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigated the impact of gestures on learning new Mandarin Chinese lexicon in a classroom environment. It compared the differences between observing and producing a gesture, and examined whether repeating a gesture in a representative context improved learning outcomes. It also examined these effects on the acquisition of concrete and emotional words. Fifty-eight students were exposed to 32 new words under four conditions: no gestures, gesture observation, gesture production, and situated gestures. Memory performance was assessed through two translation tests and one recognition test, administered 25 min after learning and one week later. The results showed that gestures performed in a situation led to significantly better immediate recall than the other conditions in both the translation and recognition tests. These findings suggest that contextually grounded gestures can improve L2 acquisition, particularly for emotional words.</div
Mesures anthropométriques, réponses aux questionnaires et données de condition physique obtenues dans le cadre du projet scientifique : "Cultures et comportements alimentaires de la jeunesse dans les pays francophones du Pacifique au XXIème siècle : exemple de la Nouvelle-Calédonie" (version non anonymisée)
No full textRestricted deposit containing the non-anonymized dataset related to the scientific project: "Eating cultures and behaviors of young people in French-speaking Pacific countries in the 21st century: the example of New Caledonia", translation of "Cultures et comportements alimentaires de la jeunesse dans les pays francophones du Pacifique au XXIème siècle: exemple de la Nouvelle-Calédonie".Anthropometric measurements, questionnaires responses and fitness data related to the scientific project: "Cultures et comportements alimentaires de la jeunesse dans les pays francophones du Pacifique au XXIème siècle: exemple de la Nouvelle-Calédonie" [Eng: "Eating cultures and behaviors of young people in French-speaking Pacific countries in the 21st century: the example of New Caledonia"] (non-anonymized information) Measurements and responses provided by the participants envolved in the scientific project entitled "Cultures et comportements alimentaires de la jeunesse dans les pays francophones du Pacifique au XXIème siècle: exemple de la Nouvelle-Calédonie" [en: "Eating cultures and behaviors of young people in French-speaking Pacific countries in the 21st century: the example of New Caledonia"]. This non-anonymized dataset contains seven files, each containing the participants' information, measurements and answers: _ nonAnonymizedData_en_2025.xlsx: xlsx file with the participants' information, measurements and answers in English _ nonAnonymizedData_en_2025.csv: csv file with the participants' information, measurements and answers in English _ nonAnonymizedData_fr_2025.xlsx: xlsx file with the participants' information, measurements and answers in French _ nonAnonymizedData_fr_2025.csv: csv file with the participants' information, measurements and answers in French _ nonAnonymizedData_code_en_2025.xlsx: xlsx file with coded answers based on the English version file (i.e., nonAnonymizedData_en_2025.xlsx) _ nonAnonymizedData_code_en_2025.csv: csv file with coded answers based on the English version file (i.e., nonAnonymizedData_en_2025.xlsx) _ Food cultures_DataFileDescription_nonAnonymized.pdf: pdf file describing the content of the data files translated in English Participant characteristics: 10 to 17 years old students (n = 1062) in secondary school Year of the study: 2018 - 2019 Place of the study: New Caledonia The current dataset is non-anonymized; as such, it is closed. However, an anonymized version of this dataset is available on Zenodo: Wattelez, G., Frayon, S., Paufique, É., Le Roux, P.-Y., Nedjar-Guerre, A., Ponidja, S., Zongo, P., Serra-Mallol, C., Wacalie, F., Caillaud, C., & Galy, O. (2025). Anthropometric measurements, questionnaire responses and fitness data collected during the scientific project: "Eating cultures and behaviors of young people in French-speaking Pacific countries in the 21st century: the example of New Caledonia" (anonymized version) (2.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16828200
IA : comment les grands modèles de langage peuvent devenir des super méchants… entre de mauvaises mains
No full text[VULGARISATION SCIENTIFIQUE]Avec l’arrivée des grands modèles de langage (LLM), les attaques informatiques se multiplient. Il est essentiel de se préparer à ces LLM entraînés pour être malveillants, car ils permettent d’automatiser le cybercrime. En mai, un LLM a découvert une faille de sécurité dans un protocole très utilisé… pour lequel on pensait que les failles les plus graves avaient déjà été décelées et réparées.Pour rendre un LLM malveillant, les pirates détournent les techniques d'apprentissage à la base de ces outils d'IA et contournent les garde-fous mis en place par les développeurs.Avec l’arrivée des grands modèles de langage (LLM), les attaques informatiques se multiplient. Il est essentiel de se préparer à ces LLM entraînés pour être malveillants, car ils permettent d’automatiser le cybercrime. En mai, un LLM a découvert une faille de sécurité dans un protocole très utilisé… pour lequel on pensait que les failles les plus graves avaient déjà été décelées et réparées.Pour rendre un LLM malveillant, les pirates détournent les techniques d'apprentissage à la base de ces outils d'IA et contournent les garde-fous mis en place par les développeurs
Inflammation, childhood trauma, and symptom dimensions in schizophrenia: a path-analysis study
No full textInternational audienceIt has been postulated that immune dysregulations may establish a link between early risk factors, such as childhood trauma (CT), and the later development of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia and experience of childhood trauma (CT) have independently been associated with increased circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers, while CT and inflammation have also been linked to particular clinical features of the disorder. We investigated whether increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers were underpinned by CT among subjects with schizophrenia, and whether this inflammation mediated the relationship between CT and symptom dimensions.Methods: 451 subjects from the FACE-SZ ("FondaMental Academic Centres of Expertise for Schizophrenia") cohort were included. Path-analysis was used to evaluate direct and indirect relationships between Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) scores, serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale of Schizophrenia (PANSS) scales.Results: Significant associations between CTQ and PANSS scales and between the former and inflammatory biomarkers were found. Notably, CRP was positively predicted by emotional abuse (β = 0.10) and physical neglect (β = 0.12), and negatively by emotional neglect while IL-6 (β = -0.18) was negatively predicted by sexual abuse (β = -0.05). No indirect associations between CT on PANSS through effects on the inflammatory biomarkers were found.Conclusions: Our study confirmed the association between CT and PANSS dimensions and identified novel links between CT and inflammation among patients with schizophrenia, highlighting the need for further elucidation of the complex relationships between early stress and chronic inflammation in psychiatry
PlaSo: Unsupervised Residual Plug and Play for Image Super-Resolution
No full textInternational audienceThis letter addresses the problem of single image super resolution using Plug-and-play (PnP) frameworks incorporating with residual learning. We propose a novel PnP algorithm, PlaSo, which integrates residual learning mechanisms into diffusion processes to mitigate common challenges such as hallucination artifacts and over-smoothing. Furthermore, by initializing the reverse sampling process from the degraded input rather than random noise, PlaSo achieves faster convergence. Experiments demonstrate that PlaSo consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods, both qualitatively and quantitatively