Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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De l’histoire vers les marchés – Animation socioculturelle, de l’éducation populaire au marché #8
No full textCet épisode a pour objectif de faire une transition entre la partie historique et l’analyse des marchés. Nous allons voir trois parties, la première proposera un retour sur la sociohistoire. La deuxième introduira les marchés et la troisième proposera cinq composantes qui structurent le cadre d’analyse
Construire la psychiatrie de précision : pourquoi et comment ?
No full textInternational audiencePrecision psychiatry aims to identify homogeneous subgroups of patients using biomarkers, which could revolutionize current diagnostic frameworks and raise hopes for personalized treatments. Early examples in neuropsychiatry demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, such as the reclassification of dementias in neurology based on biomarkers such as amyloid plaques and tau proteins, and significant advances in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, where genetic heterogeneity has reshaped diagnostic perspectives. To achieve this vision, major challenges must be overcome, including the establishment of large transdiagnostic cohorts, the integration of multimodal data such as imaging, genomics, or digital phenotyping, and the application of advanced statistical methods such as clustering, normative modeling and digital twins. While this strategy promises more precise and effective care tailored to individual needs, it also challenges traditional classifications and forces the psychiatric community to rethink its foundational paradigms in light of biological knowledge.La psychiatrie de précision ambitionne d’identifier des sous-groupes homogènes de patients grâce à des biomarqueurs. Elle promet de révolutionner les classifications actuelles et génère l’espoir de personnaliser les traitements. Des exemples en neuropsychiatrie montrent que cette approche est réaliste, qu’il s’agisse de la reclassification des démences en neurologie ou des succès récents dans le champ des troubles du neurodéveloppement. Les défis incluent le développement de grandes cohortes transnosographiques, l’intégration de données multimodales et l’utilisation de méthodes statistiques avancées. Cette stratégie promet des soins adaptés et efficaces, tout en questionnant les classifications établies
Evaluating the Role of Knowledge Co-Production in Addressing Post-Mining Risks
No full textInternational audienceIn France, the cessation of mining activities-primarily driven by economic factors-has not eliminated the risks and nuisances associated with Post-Mining Territories (TPEM), including persistent pollution, land subsidence, and other related issues. The decline of this former industry has profoundly affected these territories necessitating their rehabilitation. However, this transition has given rise to tensions regarding the use of spaces identified as polluted and/or hazardous. These tensions are often linked to misunderstandings, mistrust among stakeholders and/or uncertainties inherent in the management of health and environmental risks (Busca & Lewis, 2018; Mottis et al., 2022)
Visual strategies in solving Raven’s Matrices: Insights from autism
No full textInternational audienceAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been associated with superior performance on Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM), yet the mechanisms underlying this advantage remain unclear. In typically developing (TD) individuals, two main solving strategies have been described for RPM: Constructive Matching (CM) and Elimination Response (ER). This study aimed to investigate group differences in the use of these strategies through eye-tracking glasses, allowing an ecological completion. Forty-six adults (19 ASD, 27 TD) completed the standard RPM while wearing the mobile eye-tracking device. A composite score reflecting strategic tendency was calculated based on the percentage of matrix and response areas exploration and the number of transitions between them. Results revealed no significant group differences in accuracy or resolution time. Higher composite scores—indicating greater use of the CM strategy—were strongly associated with better performance across participants, as reported previously. Moreover, for successful items, autistic individuals showed a more pronounced preference for the CM strategy than TD individuals but both groups modulated their strategy according to item difficulty in a similar manner. These findings suggest that autistic individuals tend to engage in more analytical and constructive visual reasoning, possibly supported by cognitive traits associated with autism. As no performance advantage emerges with the moderately difficult RPM used here, we discuss the possibility that task complexity and adaptability to complexity may be key to revealing group differences. Future research using more complex tasks and diverse samples may clarify how autistic cognitive profiles affect reasoning strategies and RPM performance
MODULE COTANGENT RELATIF
No full textInternational audiencePour tout objet x dans une catégorie C il est possible de définir la catégorie des modules de Beck au dessus de x, comme la catégorie (C /x ) ab des objets en groupe abélien de la catégorie C /x . Nous pouvons en déduire, au moins pour toute catégorie localement présentable, la notion de module cotangent Ω x de x dans (C /x ) ab .Dans le cas de la catégorie Alg k des k-algèbres commutatives au-dessus d'un anneau k, la catégorie des modules de Beck (Alg k/A ) ab au-dessus d'une k-algèbre A est équivalente à la catégorie Mod A des A-modules et le module cotangent est égal au module des différentielles de Kähler de A.Le but de cet article est de montrer pour toute catégorie localement présen -table des résultats qui généralisent les propriétés classiques des modules des différentielles de Kähler.Abstract. For any object x in a category C it is possible to define the category of Beck modules over x as the category (C /x ) ab of abelian group objects in the category C /x . We can deduce from this construction, at least for any locally presentable category, the notion of cotangent module Ω x of x in (C /x ) ab .In the case of the category Alg k of commutative k-algebras over a ring k, the category of Beck modules (Alg k/A ) ab over a k-algebra A is equivalent to the category Mod A of A-modules and the cotangent module is equal to the module of Kähler differentials of A.The aim of this article is to prove for any locally presentable category some results which generalize the classical properties of modules of Kähler differentials.</p
Analyse techno-stylistique de la céramique du pays fanian (sud du Guéra, Tchad)
No full textInternational audienceThis article presents an initial techno-stylistic analysis of 58 pottery sherds from four archaeological sites in the Fanian region, located south of the Guéra region (Tchad). The sites are all settlement sites linked to metallurgical sites. This exploratory workhighlights the yet little-know role of ceramics in this area. It reveals the rich archaeological potential of the Fanian area and highlights new techno-stylistic characteristics specific to local ceramic traditions. Technical similarities exist between the four sites analyzed, but the data are insufficient to establish close cultural links. Although the available data do not yet allow for an in-depth regional comparison, this study lays the foundations for a typology of local ceramic traditions and a ceramic corpus for the Fanian area. This work opens new perspectives for understanding the cultural dynamics of Guéra in general, and the Fanian area in particular.Cet article présente une première analyse techno-stylistique de 58 échantillons de céramique issus de quatre sites archéologiques du pays fanian, situé au sud de la région du Guéra (Tchad). Tous les échantillons ont été prélevés sur des sites d’habitat en lien avec les sites métallurgiques. L’analyse met en évidence le rôle encore méconnu de la céramique dans cette zone. Ce travail préliminaire permet d’évaluer le potentiel archéologique du pays fanian et de mettre en évidence des caractéristiques techno-stylistiques inédites propres à la céramique locale. Des similarités techniques existent entre les quatre sites analysés, mais les données sont insuffisantes pour établir un lien culturel étroit entre les quatre sites. Bien que les données disponibles ne permettent pas encore une comparaison régionale approfondie, cette étude jette les bases d’une typologie des traditions céramiques locales et d’un corpus céramique pour l’aire fanian. Ce travail ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour la compréhension des dynamiques culturelles du Guéra en général, et du pays Fanian en particulier
Discovering the Potential of LLMs in Annotating Legal Texts for Argument Mining (Extended Abstract)
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Pupillary dynamics reflect age-related changes in memory encoding
No full textPupillary dynamics are closely dependent on tonic and phasic activity of the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC), a key neuromodulatory nucleus. LC neurons are the earliest site of hyper-phosphorylated tau accumulation, leading to a decline in nucleus structural integrity in older age that likely impacts long-term memory. While several studies have explored the link between pupil dilation and successful memory encoding, little is known about the effects of aging on this relationship. This study investigated task-evoked pupillary responses (TEPRs) in young and older adults during incidental encoding of neutral visual scenes. Memory performance was assessed 24 hours later using a Remember-Know-Guess recognition task. TEPRs were compared based on recognition performance. Our findings notably revealed attenuated TEPRs in older individuals, supporting the hypothesis of impaired LC-driven modulation with age. Pupil dilation was associated with memory performance in young adults only. In this group, subsequently recognized stimuli elicited greater dilation during encoding compared to forgotten ones. Moreover, among recognized stimuli, recollected ones evoked larger pupillary responses than those remembered with a feeling of familiarity. Importantly, this effect was absent in older adults, suggesting that the benefit provided by LC involvement during encoding declines with advancing age. These findings highlight the crucial role of LC-mediated neuromodulation in episodic memory, and suggest that age-related LC decline can be evidenced using pupillometry
Disentangling neural traveling waves from causal information flow
No full textIn many behavioral conditions, neural activity manifests itself within and across brain regions as traveling waves, revealing the importance of analyzing spatiotemporal dynamics in electrophysiological data. Most methods detect traveling waves by measuring spatial phase gradients, i.e., monotonic and ordered phase changes through space. It is unclear, however, how these traveling waves relate to the causal directionality of information flow. Here, we analyze systems of coupled nodes with an external input to one node. We demonstrate that the phase ordering in traveling waves does not always correspond to the direction of effective information flow. We show that discrepancies can emerge in the case of systems with delays and inhibitory influences. As a methodological solution, we show that Granger causality analysis can, in linear systems, recover the directionality of the information flow. We propose a new measure called DIFF, the Directional Information Flow Field. DIFF is constructed by analyzing directed causal influences in space and time between neighbours, yielding a vector field. As a proof of principle, we show that, in a 2D field where a connected network is perturbed by an external input, the Divergence of DIFF can identify the spatial source of the perturbations. We propose that causal inference methods provide complementary information to phase-based traveling wave methods in analyzing system dynamics and information flow.</div
Perceptual Bias in Motion Discrimination is Related to Asymmetric Interhemispheric Alpha Traveling Waves
No full textInternational audiencePerception relies on hierarchical processes integrating sensory data into higher-order models about the world. In the sensory domain, this hierarchy also involves horizontal pathways aiding interhemispheric interactions. For example, recent focus on the V5-V5 network revealed its role in motion processing. However, despite converging evidence demonstrating the crucial role of oscillatory activity in inter-areas communication, the specific rhythmic code governing V5-V5 interaction is unclear. Through traveling wave analysis, this gap is filled by identifying the alpha/low-beta frequency (9-16 Hz) as crucial for long-range, interhemispheric communication between V5 regions. Notably, a pronounced imbalance is observed: stronger waves travelled in the left-to-right-V5 direction. Crucially, this observation extends to the behavioural level, as Signal Detection Theory analysis uncovered a correlation between the highlighted imbalance and a perceptual bias favouring leftward motion reporting. Our findings underscore asymmetrical projections between V5 regions, highlighting the interplay between inter-hemispheric traveling wave patterns in dictating motion perception