Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
Not a member yet
92205 research outputs found
Sort by
Sketchpose: Learning to Segment Cells with Partial Annotations
No full textInternational audienceThe most popular networks used for cell segmentation (e.g. Cellpose, Stardist, HoverNet,...) rely on a prediction of a distance map. It yields unprecedented accuracy but hinges on fully annotated datasets. This is a serious limitation to generate training sets and perform transfer learning. In this paper, we propose a method that still relies on the distance map and handles partially annotated objects. We evaluate the performance of the proposed approach in the contexts of frugal learning, transfer learning and regular learning on regular databases. Our experiments show that it can lead to substantial savings in time and resources without sacrificing segmentation quality. The proposed algorithm is embedded in a user-friendly Napari plugin
Faire campagne en contexte de crise: Les médias sociaux et la recomposition des rapports de force partisans lors des élections législatives de 2024
No full textInternational audienceThis article analyses the use of social media by the main political parties (Ensemble,NFP, RN and LR) during the legislative elections in June 2024. Based on a corpus of 79,349publications, this analysis highlights three findings. Firstly, the outgoing majority was lessactive on social networks than its opponents. Secondly, the brevity and exceptional nature ofthe campaign encouraged the dissemination of 'offline' coordination messages. Thirdly,immigration, the economy and security were reinforced as central issues, with immigrationgenerating the most reactions. These results suggest that the RN was able to impose the paceand themes of the online campaign with regard to its opponents. This dynamic helps to confirmthe hypothesis of an (extreme) shift to the right in public debate that was formulated in severalprevious studies.Les médias sociaux sont devenus des outils incontournables des répertoires d'action des organisations partisanes et de leurs réseaux de sympathisants en période électorale 1 . En France, leurs usages politiques s'avèrent particulièrement développés à l'extrême droite, notamment au Rassemblement national (RN) ou à Reconquête !, à La France insoumise (LFI) ou encore à Ensemble. Durant la campagne présidentielle de 2022, les pages Facebook soutenant le candidat Emmanuel Macron (Ensemble) ont été les plus nombreuses, celles soutenant Jean-Luc Mélenchon (LFI) arrivant juste derrière. Néanmoins, tant en termes de posts publiés qu'en termes de réactions obtenues (likes, commentaires et partages), ce sont les communautés Facebook soutenant Marine Le Pen (candidate RN) et Éric Zemmour (candidat Reconquête !) qui ont été les plus actives 2 . Au-delà de leurs usages partisans, les réseaux numériques sont en outre de plus en plus utilisés à des fins électorales par les citoyens eux-mêmes, même si ces usages restent socialement et politiquement situés 3 . Selon l'enquête « PEOPLE 2022 » réalisée durant la campagne présidentielle de 2022 4 , presque la moitié des citoyens (45,3 %) ont consulté sur les réseaux sociaux un contenu politique en lien avec la campagne, et environ un quart d'entre eux ont commenté (27 %) ou partagé (24,9 %) un tel contenu ayant une portée politique. Pour ce faire, ils ont privilégié certaines plateformes -notamment Facebook (34 %), 1 Fabienne Greffet, Marie Neihouser, « Introduction du dossier. Battre la campagne numérique : les recompositions des activités électorales à l'heure de la digitalisation »,</div
Estimation des émissions de CO2 des applications et plateformes distribuées avec SimGrid/Batsim
No full textThis work presents a carbon footprint plugin designed to extend the capabilities of the Batsim simulator by allowing the calculation of CO2 emissions during simulation runs. The goal is to comprehensively assess the environmental impact associated with task and resource management strategies in data centers. The plugin is developed within SimGrid---the underlying simulation framework of Batsim---and computes carbon emissions based on the simulated platform's energy consumption and carbon intensity factor of the simulated machines. Once implemented, it is integrated into Batsim, ensuring compatibility with existing simulation workflows and enabling researchers to assess the carbon efficiency of their scheduling strategies
Advantage and Challenge of Electrical Critical Dimension Test Structures for Electroplated High Aspect Ratio Nano Structures (HARNS) on Insulating Materials
No full textInternational audienceElectrical Critical Dimension Test Structures (ECD-TS) have been applied for development of new technology: Metallic High Aspect Ratio Nano Structures (Metal-HARNS). The HARNS refer to electro mechanical structures scaled down to submicron width (as narrow as 260nm confirmed) while keeping its thickness (up to 1500nmconfirmed). Two major advantage and challenge have been confirmed through measurement: (1) insulating material showed critical advantage on ECD over Scanning Electron Microscope CD assessment and (2) seed conductive layer affected the measurement as leakage path
Differential Privacy in Practice: Lessons Learned From 10 Years of Real-World Applications
No full textInternational audienceDifferential privacy (DP) is a widespread data protection mechanism. However, its application in real-world scenarios has been challenging. To shed some light on this, we offer a critical analysis of 21 DP deployments by top-tier companies and institutions over the past decade
The Western Mediterranean Coast and Islands (Spain, Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, France, Italy, Sicily, and North Africa)
No full textInternational audienceSummary of our current knowledge of the Mesolithic period in the western Mediterranean
ANR D4R : D4R platform, for Religious Dissidence and Reception of the Reformation in the Renaissance in Spain: Analysis of a processing pipeline based on Large Language Models (LLMs)
No full textInternational audienceThe presentation covers work from Work Package 5 of the D4R project, which aims to create a system that extracts and organizes knowledge from historical texts to support historical research. Building on the platform demo by David, this talk focuses on the processing pipeline that converts raw historical documents — such as the inquisitorial trial of Pedro de Cazalla — into structured data for a knowledge graph.The process involves moving from XML text to the extraction of entities and relationships using large language models, with explanations of the chosen methods and the challenges of applying them to historical materials. While acknowledging concerns about AI in sensitive contexts, the work is positioned as a tool for historians to explore data, test hypotheses, and detect patterns — without replacing their critical role
Optimal non-preemptive scheduling with time-varying non-observable channels
No full textInternational audienc
Investigating the Reorganization of Spatial Frequency Processing in Maculopathy: A Comparison of Patients and Controls with Matched Artificial Scotoma
No full textInternational audienceMacular diseases, leading to central vision loss, significantly affect the brain's processing of visual information, impairing visual perception and cognition. Previous studies have shown that processing fine details (high spatial frequency, HSF) is impaired in patients, linked to reduced activity in the occipital and parahippocampal place areas (PPA). In contrast, the processing of global shapes (low spatial frequency, LSF) remains largely preserved both behaviorally and cerebrally. The differences between patients and age-matched controls may be due to functional brain reorganization, reduced visual stimulation from the central scotoma, or a combination of both factors.This study examined how macular diseases affect spatial frequency processing by masking the visual field of controls with an artificial scotoma, simulating the central vision loss of matched patients. This ensured equal visual stimulation for the patient-control pair. Behavioral results showed less accurate categorization of HSF-filtered scenes than LSF-filtered ones in both groups, with a more pronounced deficit in the patient group. Cerebral results revealed greater activation for LSF than HSF in the occipital cortex, mainly in patients. An exploratory analysis showed significantly more activation in the lingual gyrus (involved in peripheral vision) only for patients. No significant differences were found in the PPA, suggesting previous literature differences were due to reduced visual input in patients.These findings suggest that macular diseases lead to significant cortical reorganizations in the occipital cortex, with LSF being overutilized in peripheral vision at the expense of HSF. This study highlights behavioral and neural adaptations unique to individuals with chronic vision loss
La revanche des brebis, des broussailles et des bergers Réflexions géographiques pour une nouvelle idylle pastorale
No full textLe pastoralisme est une activité d’élevage particulière, reposant sur la valorisation des ressources semi-naturelles. Pour les géographes, il renvoie d’abord à un objet central de la géographie classique, du moins pour les zones de montagne, peu à peu tombé en désuétude. Dans l’imaginaire collectif, il est associé à l’image du berger et des troupeaux en montagne. C’est une activité particulièrement photogénique, mise en image dans une production sans cesse renouvelée d’ouvrages photographiques et films documentaires. Pour beaucoup également, les pratiques pastorales sont un témoignage du passé, un patrimoine vivant à conserver, en témoigne la reconnaissance récente de la transhumance comme patrimoine culturel immatériel de l’humanité par l’UNESCO. Dans l’actualité enfin, le monde pastoral c’est avant tout la question controversée de la cohabitation avec les grands prédateurs. Activité en marge dans des territoires en marge, le pastoralisme est donc souvent l’objet de tous les fantasmes, à forte charge symbolique mais finalement méconnu. Ce travail propose un autre regard sur les espaces, les pratiques et les acteurs pastoraux. A partir de travaux menés depuis une trentaine d’années sur différents terrains d’étude à l’échelle nationale, il propose de rompre le mythe de l’Arcadie pour proposer un nouveau récit mettant en évidence ce que le pastoralisme offre de pistes de réflexions, voire de réponses, à certains des grands questionnements actuels sur notre rapport à un monde fini. Il s’agit donc de poser les bases d’une nouvelle idylle pastorale organisée autour de six piliers : le rapport aux ressources, le rapport à la nature, le rapport au travail, le rapport à la propriété, le rapport à l’action publique et enfin le rapport aux autres, humains et non humains. En espérant que ce nouveau récit puisse susciter un renouveau des études pastorales en géographie