Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Les enjeux juridiques du principe de "non-diminution des droits" en Irlande du nord et leurs conséquences sur l'avenir constitutionnel de l'Irlande
No full textInternational audienceThis article addresses the question of “no diminution of rights”, a key issue in the Brexit negotiations, as a fertile conceptual framework in the discussions over Ireland’s constitutional future. The study looks back at European integration as a balancing force between the British and Irish legal orders, and then at the way in which Brexit agreements, notably the Protocol on Ireland / Northern Ireland and the Windsor Framework, have attempted to guarantee “no diminution of rights” for people in Northern Ireland. The application of the agreements is likely not to be sufficient to provide a satisfactory answer to the question of the risk of widening gaps between the policies pursued by the British government and developments in European law. The legal framework of the Republic of Ireland appears to be the most robust guarantee of the non-diminution of rights on the island. However, it will be unable to fulfil this role in its current form without a degree of unity, at the very least in terms of jurisdiction, if not political.Cet article aborde la question de la non-diminution des droits, enjeu essentiel du Brexit, comme un cadre conceptuel fertile dans les discussions portant sur l’avenir constitutionnel de l’Irlande. L’étude revient sur l’intégration européenne comme force d’équilibrage des ordres juridiques britanniques et irlandais, puis sur la manière dont les accords du Brexit, notamment le Protocole relatif à l’Irlande et l’Irlande du Nord et le Cadre de Windsor ont tenté de garantir la « non diminution des droits » des personnes résidant en Irlande du Nord. L’application des accords ne suffit pas à répondre de manière satisfaisante à la question du risque de creusement des écarts entre les politiques menées par le gouvernement britannique et les évolutions du droit européen. Le cadre juridique de la République d’Irlande apparaît comme le meilleur garant de la non-diminution des droits sur l’île, rôle qu’elle ne pourra jouer pleinement en dehors d’une unité, a minima, juridictionnelle sinon politique
MacaqueNet: Advancing comparative behavioural research through large-scale collaboration
No full textInternational audience1. There is a vast and ever-accumulating amount of behavioural data on individually recognised animals, an incredible resource to shed light on the ecological and evolutionary drivers of variation in animal behaviour. Yet, the full potential of such data lies in comparative research across taxa with distinct life histories and ecologies. Substantial challenges impede systematic comparisons, one of which is the lack of persistent, accessible, and standardised databases.2. Big-team approaches to building standardised databases offer a solution to facilitating reliable cross-species comparisons. By sharing both data and expertise among researchers, these approaches ensure that valuable data, which might otherwise go unused, become easier to discover, repurpose, and synthesise. Additionally, such large-scale collaborations promote a culture of sharing within the research community, incentivizing researchers to contribute their data by ensuring their interests are considered through clear sharing guidelines. Active communication with the data contributors during the standardization process also helps avoid misinterpretation of the data, ultimately improving the reliability of comparative databases.3. Here, we introduce MacaqueNet, a global collaboration of over 100 researchers (https://macaquenet.github.io/) aimed at unlocking the wealth of cross-species data for research on social behaviour. The MacaqueNet database encompasses data from 1981 to the present on 61 populations across 14 species and is the first publicly searchable and standardised database on affiliative and agonistic animal social behaviour. We describe the establishment of MacaqueNet, from the steps we took to start a large-scale collective, to the creation of a cross-species collaborative database and the implementation of data entry and retrieval protocols.4. We share MacaqueNet's component resources: an R package for data standardisation, website code, the relational database structure, a glossary, and data sharing terms of use. With all these components openly accessible, MacaqueNet can act as a fully replicable template for future endeavours establishing large-scale collaborative comparative database
Le patrimoine archéologique face aux dangers du monde
No full textInternational audienceQue se passe-t-il quand les archéologues deviennent des lanceurs d’alertes sur les nombreux dangers encourus par le patrimoine archéologique mondial ? Nombreuses sont les merveilles du patrimoine mondial de l’humanité à être menacées par des phénomènes naturels ou par les actions humaines. Les changements planétaires accélèrent d’autant l’altération des sites. Dans cet atlas collectif, sont présentés plus de 35 sites archéologiques menacés à travers le monde
Mobility capacities and smartphone use of students in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
No full textInternational audienceMany African cities have been experiencing a digital transformation over the past few years. As people become more familiar with digital tools, particularly smartphones, in their daily lives, their uses and practices in terms of mobility are also evolving. This paper aims to explore the impact of smartphones and digital platforms on mobility capacities by targeting students at the University of Kinshasa (UNIKIN). The methodological approach combines observations and semi-structured interviews with fifty-two students, as well as fifteen experts involved in the field of mobility and transport. The results of our study reveal that students in Kinshasa have constantly adapted complex mobility behaviour, that result from challenging transport conditions and relatively high insecurity in public space. In contrast to observations in other African cities, this study reveals limited adoption of digital tools and navigation applications among the students, mainly due to the lack of digitally-enabled transport services, their high cost, and the context of perceived insecurity in public space
Les élites laïques dans l’espace des couvents dominicains et franciscains : stratégies et mises en scène des fondateurs-donateurs du Midi de la France (XIIIe - XVe siècle)
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La « carte des vents » de la basilique Saint-Sernin de Toulouse : un diagramme circulaire de la théorie humorale sur une fresque médiévale
No full textInternational audienceOf the two thirteenth-century astrological charts painted in a gallery located above the outer north aisle of the Basilica of Saint-Sernin in Toulouse, the one on the left which is extremely damaged, remains an enigma. This article attempts to demonstrate that it is a circular diagram illustrating the medical theory of humors, according to a model that incorporates the Aristotelian compass rose. Indeed, the Middle Ages inherited from Antiquity its knowledge about winds and humors, and the manuscript tradition reveals that diagrams associating these two components are attested as early as the 9th century.Des deux « cartes du ciel » datées du XIIIe s. et peintes dans une galerie située au-dessus du collatéral extérieur nord de la basilique Saint-Sernin de Toulouse, celle de gauche, très abîmée, demeure une énigme. Cet article entend démontrer qu’il s’agit d’un diagramme circulaire illustrant la théorie médicale des humeurs, selon une variante qui intègre la rose des vents aristotélicienne. En effet, le Moyen-Âge a hérité de l’Antiquité son savoir sur les vents et les humeurs, et la tradition manuscrite révèle que des diagrammes associant ces deux composantes sont attestés dès le IXe s
Réagir à la sensation : entretien avec la directrice de la photographieJeanne Lapoirie
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On the algorithmic descriptive complexity of attractors in topological dynamics
No full text25 pages, 3 figuresWe study the computational problem of rigorously describing the asymptotic behaviour of topological dynamical systems up to a finite but arbitrarily small pre-specified error. More precisely, we consider the limit set of a typical orbit, both as a spatial object (attractor set) and as a statistical distribution (physical measure), and prove upper bounds on the computational resources of computing descriptions of these objects with arbitrary accuracy. We also study how these bounds are affected by different dynamical constrains and provide several examples showing that our bounds are sharp in general. In particular, we exhibit a computable interval map having a unique transitive attractor with Cantor set structure supporting a unique physical measure such that both the attractor and the measure are non computable
An analysis of the entire functions associated with the operator of the KdV equation: KdV equation: a study on star-graphs
No full textIt is well known that the controllability property of partial differential equations (PDEs) is closely linked to the proof of an observability inequality for the adjoint system, which, sometimes, involves analyzing a spectral problem associated with the PDE under consideration. In this work, we study a series of spectral issues that ensure the controllability of the renowned Korteweg-de Vries equation on star-graph. This investigation reduces to determining when certain functions, associated with this spectral problem, are entire. The novelty here lies in presenting this detailed analysis in the context of a star graph structure
