Scientific Publications of the University of Toulouse II Le Mirail
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Recul de couverture, karstogenèse et sédimentation fluviatile : l'exemple de la grotte de Cussac (Dordogne)
No full textInternational audienceThe speleogenesis of the Cussac cave (Dordogne). The Cussac cave (Dordogne, France) develops over 1 600 m of linear network. This cave, located near the Bélingou river, a tributary of the Dordogne, is known for its prehistoric occupation during the Middle Gravettian period (30,000 years ago). It has preserved numerous parietal engravings and also human remains. The Cussac cave is shaped in large meandering loops, which develop sub-horizontally, parallel to the course of the Bélingou.Speleogenesis is initiated by the lowering of the base level of the Dordogne and the evacuation of altered levels (ghost rock) along the fracturation of the limestone. The cavity then evolves in a drown regime (dysfunction of the karstic system and paragenesis). Then, an underground river is set up (vadose regime), with the extraction of the Tertiary alterite cover, and the formation of wide meanders that hollow out the cavity over 5 m of height. The network was then progressively abandoned by the fluvial dynamic and phases of rock collapse took place, leading to the present-day cave. The Cussac cave thus shows a partial disconnection of the karstic network from the dynamics of the Bélingou, but a strong relationship with the retreat of thealtered cover on the plateau.Keywords: Prehistory, Geomorphology,Karst cover, Ghost rock, Alteration,Meanders, Sediments, Chronology
"Performing the Archives" Workshop
No full textDoctoralNote that not all archives are the same. Some have been thoroughly organized and documented, while others less so; some are based on documents acquired through donation orCet atelier, conçu par John S. Bak et Samuel Lhuillery, s’adresse aux doctorant·e·s et masterant·e·s du laboratoire IDEA et de l’UFR ALL, et s’appuie sur les travaux d’archives menés dans le cadre du projet ACTiF. Il cherche à offrir aux participan·te·s une expérience pratique et ludique de la recherche archivistique, en les guidant de manière concrète à travers l’ensemble des étapes : de la localisation des fonds et l’accès au matériel, jusqu’à la numérisation, la conception d’une arborescence de classement, le nommage des documents et l’ajout de métadonnées
MARC ET LES POINTS NOIRS !OU LA CARTE N’EST PAS LE TERRITOIRE : MAIS ÇA AIDE ….
No full textInternational audienceOver the past thirty years, discoveries relating to later prehistory, particularly the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age, have multiplied exponentially. Preventive archaeology has played a decisive role in this development. When assessing the progress made, it is clear that preventive archaeological research has yielded major advances in our understanding of settlement forms, chronological frameworks and the characterisation of funerary practices. More than three decades of work have thus generated a vast body of documentation only partially exploited to its full potential. It was against this backdrop that, in 2005—shortly after the creation of the national Iron Age survey—the idea arose of proposing to Inrap a comparable initiative for the Bronze Age and the transition to the Iron Age. This idea became the national “Bronze” survey. Our short paper revisits the beginning of the project, its initial methodological developments and the role played by Marc Talon whose purpose was never simply to scatter black dots across a map.REVUE ARCHÉOLOGIQUE DE PICARDIE -archéologie dans tous ses étatsLa fréquence des découvertes relatives à la préhistoire récente, et plus spécifiquement à l’âge du Bronze et au début de l’âge du Fer, a connu une croissance exponentielle depuis plus de 30 années. Les travaux d’archéologie préventive ont largement participé de ce phénomène. Pour mesurer le chemin parcouru. Les retombées les plus significatives issues de la recherche en archéologie préventive ont concerné les formes de l’habitat, les résolutions chronologiques et la caractérisation des pratiques funéraires. Le cumul de plus de trente années de recherche dans le domaine de l’archéologie préventive a ainsi permis de capitaliser une importante documentation souvent non exploitée à sa juste valeur. Fort de ce constat est apparue l’idée de soumettre à l’Inrap en 2005, peu de temps après la constitution de l’enquête nationale sur l’âge du Fer, un projet similaire, centré sur l’âge du Bronze et le début de l’âge du Fer. Ainsi est née l’enquête nationale « Bronze ». Ce court article revient sur la genèse de ce projet, ces premiers développements méthodologiques et la place Marc Talon dans ce travail où il ne s’agit pas uniquement de mettre des points noirs sur la carte
La palette senso-chromatique : un outil de valorisation et de transfert des ressources du territoire à l’assiette
No full textInternational audienceBeyond its status as a painter’s accessory, the palette is also a design tool, a paradigmatic space of representation and modelling of color and sensorial design thinking, which is highly versatile in application and has the capacity for inter-field transferability. By characterizing and ordering the sensory and chromatic markers of local bioresources and their ’growing environments’, the sensory-chromatic palette aims to structure a sensory-chromatic identity for a food territory that can be transferred and exploited in different contexts and sectors of food development and production. Starting with a short collaborative experiment based around the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, combining the design of palettes and culinary creations, this article sets out to put the theoretical and practical models of such an approach into perspective, to formulate the issues involved and to consider its potential for application and innovation, particularly in the agri-food sector.Au-delà de son statut d’accessoire du peintre, la palette est aussi un outil de conception, un espace de représentation et de modélisation paradigmatique de la pensée coloristique et du design couleur et sensoriel, qui se révèle d’une grande versatilité applicative et recèle une capacité de transférabilité inter-champs.La palette senso-chromatique vise, à travers la caractérisation et l’ordonnancement des marqueurs sensoriels et chromatiques des bioressources locales et de leur « milieux de culture », à structurer une identité senso-chromatique de territoire alimentaire transférable et exploitable dans différents contextes et secteurs de valorisation et de production alimentaire.Partant d’une courte expérimentation collaborative autour du terroir Nord-Pas-de-Calaisien alliant conception de palettes et créations culinaires, ce texte s’attache à mettre en perspective les modèles théoriques et pratiques d’une telle démarche, à en formuler les enjeux et à en envisager le potentiel d’application et d’innovation notamment pour la filière agro-alimentaire
Linking ecotoxicological effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functions to impairment of ecosystem services is a challenge: an illustration with the case of plant protection products
No full textInternational audienceThere is growing interest in using the ecosystem services framework for environmental risk assessments of chemicals, including plant protection products (PPPs). Although this topic is increasingly discussed in the recent scientific literature, there is still a substantial gap between most ecotoxicological studies and a solid evaluation of potential ecotoxicological consequences on ecosystem services. This was recently highlighted by a collective scientific assessment (CSA) performed by 46 scientific experts who analyzed the international science on the impacts of PPPs on biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and ecosystem services. Here, we first point out the main obstacles to better linking knowledge on the ecotoxicological effects of PPPs on biodiversity and ecological processes with ecosystem functions and services. Then, we go on to propose and discuss possible pathways for related improvements. We describe the main processes governing the relationships between biodiversity, ecological processes, and ecosystem functions in response to effects of PPP, and we define categories of ecosystem functions that could be directly linked with the ecological processes used as functional endpoints in investigations on the ecotoxicology of PPPs. We then explore perceptions on the possible links between these categories of ecosystem functions and ecosystem services among a sub-panel of the scientific experts from various fields of environmental science. We find that these direct and indirect linkages still need clarification. This paper, which reflects the difficulties faced by the multidisciplinary group of researchers involved in the CSA, suggests that the current gap between most ecotoxicological studies and a solid potential evaluation of ecotoxicological consequences on ecosystem services could be partially addressed if concepts and definitions related to ecological processes, ecosystem functions, and ecosystem services were more widely accepted and shared within the ecotoxicology community. Narrowing this gap would help harmonize and extend the science that informs decision-making and policy-making, and ultimately help to better address the trade-off between social benefits and environmental losses caused by the use of PPPs
Usage du mot « entrepreneur » dans la correspondance d’un ingénieur des mines en 1796. Réflexion sur une source de l’histoire des maitres de forges des Pyrénées.
No full texthttps://hsehsa.hypotheses.org/This academic blog post examines the concept of “entrepreneur” as applied to the ironmasters of the Pyrenees during the Revolution. It draws on the correspondence of a mining engineer and attempts to contextualize it in order to understand this usage of the term
Entre innovation locale et prescriptions institutionnelles : que révèlent les usages de l’IA générative sur la qualité éducative ?
No full textInternational audienceSince their widespread dissemination to the general public in 2022, with the deployment of conversational agents such as ChatGPT, generative artificial intelligences (GAIs) have been profoundly transforming the educational field, questioning both pedagogical practices and institutional debates (Klucik, 2024). These technologies rely on learning models capable of generating new content from existing data, thereby paving the way for diverse uses in creative, scientific, and educational domains (Amri, Tertrais, & Silver, 2023).This study examines how the integration of GAIs contributes to educational quality, understood not only in terms of efficiency but also of learning, equity, relevance, and effectiveness (Eduscol, 2025). The adopted methodology combines: participant observation during the national IAN/TraAM seminar (May 2025), eighteen semi-structured interviews conducted with teachers in STMS and biotechnology, and the analysis of twenty-seven pedagogical experiments carried out across 24 French school districts.The findings show that AI can support learning (role-playing; use of prompts aligned with Bloom’s taxonomy),strengthen equity (adaptation of materials for dyslexic students), enhance social relevance (guidance counseling), and foster critical reflexivity (awareness of ecological impact). Nevertheless, these contributions remain conditioned by teachers’ relationship to knowledge and their pre-existing decision-making frameworks, echoing insights from clinical didactics (Loizon, 2018; Abdallah-Chatti & Carnus, 2024).The discussion highlights that GAIs act as amplifiers: they open up possibilities when integrated within a reflexive framework, but exacerbate divides when introduced without critical mediation or training. This conclusion resonates with the perspective of a “learning society” (IApprenante) (Bardeau, 2025), in which the appropriation of AI is a collective challenge, and debates surrounding its integration must be approached from a civic and democratic standpoint (Chagny, 2025).Ultimately, AI appears both as a catalyst for pedagogical innovation and as a revealer of institutionalcontradictions. Educational quality in the digital age depends less on technical performance than on the capacity of actors (teachers, students, institutions) to build a shared, critical, and ethical culture of artificialintelligence.Depuis leur diffusion massive auprès du grand public en 2022, avec le déploiement d’agents conversationnels tels que ChatGPT, les intelligences artificielles génératives (IAG) transforment profondément le champ éducatif, en réinterrogeant à la fois les pratiques pédagogiques et les débats institutionnels (Klucik, 2024). Ces technologies reposent sur des modèles d’apprentissage capables de générer des contenus nouveaux à partir de données existantes, ouvrant ainsi la voie à des usages variés dans les domaines créatif, scientifique et éducatif (Amri,Tertrais & Silver, 2023).Cette recherche examine comment l’intégration des IAG contribue à la qualité éducative, comprise non seulement en termes d’efficacité mais aussi d’apprentissage, d’équité, de pertinence et d’efficience (Eduscol, 2025). La méthodologie adoptée combine : l’observation participante lors du séminaire national IAN/TraAM (mai 2025), dix-huit entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès d’enseignants de STMS et biotechnologies, et l’analyse de vingt-sept expérimentations pédagogiques conduites dans 24 académies françaises.Les résultats montrent que l’IA peut soutenir l’apprentissage (jeux de rôle; utilisation des prompts alignés sur la taxonomie de Bloom), renforcer l’équité (adaptation des supports pour élèves dyslexiques), améliorer lapertinence sociale (accompagnement à l’orientation) et favoriser une réflexivité critique (sensibilisation àl’impact écologique). Néanmoins, ces apports restent conditionnés par le rapport au savoir et le déjà-làdécisionnel des enseignants, rejoignant les apports de la didactique clinique (Loizon, 2018; Abdallah-Chatti &Carnus, 2024).La discussion montre que les IAG agissent comme des amplificateurs : elles ouvrent des possibles lorsqu’elles sont intégrées dans une logique réflexive, mais accentuent les fractures lorsqu’elles sont introduites sans médiation critique ni formation. Cette conclusion rejoint la perspective d’une société IApprenante (Bardeau, 2025), où l’appropriation de l’IA constitue un enjeu collectif, et les débats autour de son intégration doivent être pensés dans une perspective citoyenne et démocratique (Chagny, 2025).En définitive, l’IA apparaît à la fois comme un catalyseur d’innovation pédagogique et un révélateur descontradictions institutionnelles. La qualité éducative à l’ère numérique dépend moins des performancestechniques que de la capacité des acteurs (enseignants, élèves, institutions ) à construire une culturecommune, critique et éthique de l’intelligence artificielle
From Borders to Cells: The Evolution of British Immigration Detention, 1905-1970
No full textInternational audienceThis special issue of Les Cahiers du MIMMOC brings together a diverse range of contributions from young scholars affiliated with the MiDiB network (Migration and Diversity in the British and Irish Isles). Most of these papers were first presented as part of MiDiB’s activities, in particular our second doctoral student workshop, held at the Université Toulouse-Jean Jaurès in March 2023, and a workshop jointly held by MiDiB and CRECIB (Centre de Recherches et d’Études en Civilisation des Iles Britanniques) at the annual SAES conference, in June 2024, at the Université de Lorraine, Nancy. Together, these events extended our first doctoral student workshop, held at the Sorbonne Nouvelle in January 2022, whose results were published in the Observatoire de la Société Britannique (29, 2022). Through the lens of historical, political, and socio-cultural analysis, these articles offer fresh and complementary insights into the complexities of migration, identity and belonging in the UK and reveal the shifting dynamics that shape the lived experiences of migrant communities. Each contribution presents a distinct perspective; put together, they illustrate converging themes of exclusion, resistance, transnationalism and identity negotiation, reflecting the broad spectrum of research interests that characterise the MiDiB networ
Correlated Disordered Nanostructures for Light Trapping in Ultrathin Solar Cells
No full textInternational audienceIn the quest for efficient and cost-effective photovoltaic technologies, the integration of light trapping strategies in ultrathin silicon solar cells has emerged as a key area of research. This study explores the use of nanostructures with correlated disorder to enhance light absorption in ultrathin silicon films. Unlike traditional random texturing methods, correlated disorder offers precise control over optical properties, thereby optimising light-matter interactions that are critical for photovoltaic efficiency.In this study, we will present a low-cost process, based on colloidal lithography, for fabricating nanostructures on large silicon surfaces, as well as several processes of dry and wet etching to transfer our pattern on our substrate. We will show a variety of etching profiles in order to establish a complete benchmark of light-trapping nanostructures.Characterisation of the nanostructures involves the calculation of key metrics such as the structure factor and the pair correlation function. These metrics reveal the spatial organisation and nearest neighbour distances within the nanostructured arrays. Such detailed structural characterisation is essential for correlating optical performance with nanostructure design.Optical measurements of the nanostructured ultrathin silicon layers will be presented. These measurements will allow to assess the effect of the fabricated nanostructures on diffuse and specular reflection, transmission and absorption properties. This experimental approach aims to quantify the advantages of correlated disorder nanostructuring over periodic and random methods in improving light trapping in silicon solar cells.In conclusion, this study contributes to advancing the frontier of ultrathin silicon photovoltaics by introducing a low-cost, large-area process for tailoring optical properties and thus optical performance through correlated disorder nanostructuring