International Journal of Applied Technology Research (IJATR)
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Using Homer Software for Cost Analysis of Stand-Alone Power Generation for Small Scale Industry in Nigeria: A Case Study Lumatec Aluminium Products
Full text linkNigeria is one of developing countries in the world that experience shortage of electricity for her economic and social development. In Nigeria, most of the small-scale industries use diesel/petrol-based systems to generate their electricity. However, due to the cost fluctuation of oil and gas fuel, an alternative power generation should be considered. This paper targets to examine the cost analysis of system for supplying electricity to LUMATEC Aluminium products shop in Mubi, Adamawa state Nigeria. Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) is used as a tool for cost analysis. The scenario consider in this study was only stand-alone with battery system. Results revealed that the system have 10kW PV with cost of electricity (COE) of 21.775 and $26.148 respectively, with payback period of 5.8years. In conclusion, this study provides the solution of power supply to the small-scale industries at cost effective and available throughout the year and it is feasible to solve the small-scale industries, rural and urban electricity supplying in this country (Nigeria). It is recommended that Nigerian Government & Law makers should promotes the use of standalone PV system for domestic and small-scale industry by providing financial assistance through soft loans, subsides and grants
The Design and Implementation of Fan Chips as Cooling for Milling Process on Aluminum Alloy 5086 to Increase Tool Life
No full textIn the metal machining process, especially in the milling process, the parameters that affect the quality milling process results are cooling media because it affects the tool life used. This paper aims to determine the performance of using fan chips as the coolant in the dry milling process area. The method used is the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method and the experimental milling process on a workpiece made from aluminum alloy 5086. In experimental testing using a variation of the milling machine spindle rotation. The simulation test results on the fluid flow character on fan chips with a protector producing a central character with a small area. In contrast, fan chips without a protector make a central character with a broader area. The wind speed data in simulation testing and experimental testing produced the same trend graph. The results of the performance of fan chips after experimented with variations in spindle rotation, cooling process on area occurs when the motor spindle rotates above 1120 Rpm on the fan chips with a protector, and the engine spindle rotates above 770 Rpm on the fan chips without a protector. The effect of fan chips on tool life affects increasing tool life by 8 minutes on installing fan chips with a protector and increasing tool life by 12 minutes on installing fan chips without a protector
Simulation Data Acquisition and Control for LNG Custody Transfer Based on ISO 8943
No full textLiquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is a complex mixture of low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons with nitrogen as a principal inert impurity. Nowadays, the instrumentation control tools are needed in LNG Commercialization to ensure the LNG is safely transported, while minimizing the energy losses across the network. This research was a preliminary design that used LNG custody transfer control tools referred the ISO 8943:2007 standard. The temperature was measured by thermocouple (Rosemount transmitter 3144 series), while the pressure was measured using pressure transmitter (Rosemount transmitter 3051 series). The simulated signal temperature was done by temperature control box, while the simulated pressure was represented by WIKA pressure calibrator. Data from transmitter was sent to the LabVolt 9063 series that has data acquisition for Software Development Kit (SDK) enabled. Previously, the LabVolt 9063 did not recognized the signal from the transmitter. The SDK software bridged the LabVolt hardware with the LabView software. In the simulated system, temperature alarm will be triggered when the temperature value exceeds 20oC. For simulated pressure, the alarm will respond if pressure value exceeds 30 psi. From the results of this research, the communication between hardware and software worked properly. The data acquisition system was stable during the data collection stage, processing and displaying. In addition, the alarm indicator for both temperature and pressure was met within the threshold value
Application of Organic Inhibitors to the Corrosion of Materials AISI 1070 Steel
Full text linkAISI 1070 steel is a material that has corrosion when it reacts with the environment. One way to inhibit the corrosion rate is by using organic inhibitors. The organic inhibitors used mango leaves and mango rinds with variations in the concentration of organic inhibitors of 0%, 6%, and 8%, respectively. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mango leaf extract and mango rinds as an inhibitor against the corrosion rate of AISI 1070 Steel. The extraction was carried out using the Maceration Method. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Potenzyodinamic, and Weight Loss tests were carried out in this study. FTIR results show that both mango rinds and mango leaf have ingredients that were able to inhibit the corrosion rate, such as flavonoid functional groups including C – H, C = O, and C – O.
Using the weight-loss method, the best corrosion rate was found in the mango rinds extract with a concentration of 8 mL, which was 31.784 mm/year with an inhibition efficiency of 92%. The highest corrosion rate was in 2M H2SO4 solution using potentiodynamic, without a mixture of inhibitors, that is 0.15589478 mm/year
Inflammatory Response and Lung Function Toward Illness Perception of Poultry Farm Workers
Full text linkThe poultry farm workers should aware to the risk of respiratory disorders. The illness perception represents belief about health condition of the body. The inhaled organic particles at poultry farm area could trigger chain of immunological reactions that begin from the release of neutrophil and lymphocyte up to fibrogenesis resulted in pulmonary dysfunction. The aim of this study was to identify the association between inflammatory response and lung function with illness perception of poultry farm workers.The study used observasional analytic methods with cross sectional design. One hundred and five poultry farm worker were taken as samples which obtained by purposive sampling methods. Illness Perception Questionnaire-Occupational Respiratory Disorder Risk (IPQ-ORDR) was used to measure the illness perception while the inflammatory response was measured by neutrophil levels. The lung function examination resulted in several lung function parameters (FEV1, FVC and FEV1 to FVC ratio). The results showed that there was no association between the inflammatory response and illness perception (p = 0.228) and the lung function was associated with illness perception (p = 0.001). The illness perception is not always match with the actual respiratory health conditions in poultry farm workers. It is needed to provide more information on the risk of respiratory disorders to the poultry farm workers
Green Corrosion Inhibitors to Head Off the Corrosion Rate of ST 37 Steels
Full text linkThe corrosions process is a natural process and cannot be hindered, but it can be protected by adding a green inhibitor. Green corrosion inhibitors are a new alternative solution for corrosion protection because they are low-cost, biodegradable, and eco-friendly inhibitors. This research was used papaya leaves dan guava leaves extract as organic inhibitor solution by Maceration Method. The concentration of these green inhibitors is 0 mL, 1 mL, 2.5 mL, 3 mL, and 3.5 mL. The type of testing method used in this research is FTIR, PDP, and weight loss. The results show that there is Tanin function groups in papaya leaves and guava leaves extract. The potentiodynamic polarization shows the value of corrosion rate without inhibitor is 0,418 mm/year. In contrast, the corrosion rate was decreased with improving the green inhibitor as many 3.5 mL. The corrosion rate was decreased until 0,00055 mm/year, and the value of efficiency is 99,868%
Mathematical Modeling of Solar Photovoltaic Module to generate Maximum Power Using Matlab/Simulink
Full text linkModeling is a basic tool of the real system simulation in translating the Mathematical results into real life. In this study, the Modeling and simulation of photovoltaic Module type PS-P310-36 were developed, and maximum power was obtained. The output I – V and P – V curves of the model were studied and analyzed under different irradiance (200 W/m2, 400 W/m, 600 W/m2, 800 W/m, and 1000 W/m2) at a constant temperature of 25oC. The model attained maximum power of 308, 251.6, 191.4, 129.2, and 64.74 W at 1000, 800, 600, 400, and 200 W/m2 irradiance, respectively. The model results agreed with the characteristics curves of the PV module of previous similar PV studies. The proposed model will serve as quick tools for designers in obtaining the maximum power of PV at distinct irradiance. However, for a more accurate design, more information is needed
Green Downstream Processing By Using Hydrothermal Extraction For Recovering Flavonoid, Phenolic And Antioxidant Activity From Moringa Oleifera Leaves
No full textWell known as rich in phenolic compounds, Moringa oleifera mature leaf extract show significant antioxidant activity both in vitro and in vivo. It has been widely used at cosmetic, medicine, and functional food sector. Hydrothermal extraction, one of the green environmentally friendly method that fit to M. oleifera feedstock for recovering natural antioxidant namely flavonoid, phenolic, and antioxidant activity. Three parameters were used at this study such as sample-solvent ratio, running temperature and extraction time. Flavonoids were evaluated with 2.4 Dinitrophenyl hydrazine colorimetric, whereas phenolics were measured by tanat acid which react with Foulin ciocealteu reagent. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH. The optimum result was obtained at 15 minutes with 140 0C for total flavonoid content (TFC) 18.98 mg/g whereas 170 0C for total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity 48.73 mg tanat acid/dried extract; 44.76 mg/L respectivel
Edge Crack in Longitudinal Butt-Welded Joint in Thick-Wall Cylinder
Full text linkThick-wall vessels and pipes cylindrical shape are very typical in power plant, chemical, processing, oil and gas industry. The equipment with cylindrical shape can be either thin or thick wall which depends on the function of that particular equipment. Typically, thick-wall cylinder is used when the equipment is needed to accommodate high pressure contents. Mostly, cracks appear either on the internal or external of a thick-wall cylinder. Primarily, when welding is applied in the fabrication of the thick-wall cylinder, cracks can easily appear due to solidification or hydrogen embrittlement at the welded joint, typically butt-welded joint. Hence, it is critical to examine the stress distribution along the crack and resolve the stress intensity factor of the cracks in both welded and non-welded internally pressurized thick-wall cylinder. Finite element analysis has been conducted using the engineering software, ABAQUS CAE to investigate the stress distribution and to perform the evaluation of stress intensity factor. Besides, weight function method has also been used by other researchers to determine the factor of stress intensity for both welded and non-welded thick-wall cylinder. The results were compared in terms of both of the methods applied. The last, the effect of the butt-welded joint profile in thick-wall cylinder has also been investigated
Evaluation of Biological Degraded Keratin for Biogas Production Using Dry Anaerobic Digestion System
Full text linkAnaerobic digestion is a methane gas production process that can be used as sustainable alternative energy. Anaerobic digestion utilized various types of organic waste as substrate for the reaction process. Keratin waste is an organic waste mainly produced from the poultry and farming industry. Pretreatment is usually required to hydrolyzed keratin protein complex as the amino acid is easily used as the substrate in anaerobic digestion reaction. Biological pretreatment was selected because it more energy saver and generating diverse types of amino acid monomers. Three types of keratins used in this research were feathers, wool, and hair. Culture of Bacillus sp. C4 were inoculated into keratins and incubated for 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours. The chicken feathers produce the soluble protein as much as 7.23 mg/ml, 32.59 mg/ml and 45.99 mg/ml respectively, while the sheep wool produce 24.08 mg/ml, 36.73 mg/ml and 38.75 mg/ml respectively according to incubation time. Meanwhile, keratin hair cannot be degraded by Bacillus sp. C4 at all. Free ammonia formed by hydrolysis of proteins is suspected to be an inhibitor in the methanogenesis process, as total methane produced from degraded keratin only 256,6 ml C4/gr VS in 36 days retention time