Sultan Qaboos University Scientific Journals
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Predictors of Developing a Complex Course of Osteomyelitis in Patients with Sickle Cell Anaemia
Full text linkObjectives: Despite the numerous advances in management strategies, treating osteomyelitis in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) remains a significant challenge, leading to severe long-term consequences. This study aimed to assess the key factors potentially linked to a complex progression of osteomyelitis in patients diagnosed with SCD. Methods: A cohort of 34 patients was identified and their progress was monitored over a span of 12 months during a 10-year period (2010–2020). The variables under investigation encompassed demographic and clinical traits, laboratory analyses and imaging data, as well as the treatment strategies employed. Results: The risk prediction model pinpointed 5 factors (severity of SCD, involvement of lower limbs, presence of bacteraemia, magnetic resonance image [MRI] findings and utilisation of surgical debridement) that exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) exceeding 0.7. Causative organisms were identified in 9 out of the total 34 patients (26.47%). A total of 17 patients displayed a severe course of SCD (AUC = 7.88), with MRI being highlighted as a valuable contributing factor (AUC = 7.88). Furthermore, 13 patients (38.2%) underwent surgical debridement, a procedure that yielded a statistically significant P value of 0.012 and an AUC of 0.714. Conclusion: Osteomyelitis within the context of severe SCD, particularly when accompanied by lower extremity infection, bacteraemia, positive MRI findings and the need for surgical debridement, emerges as a cluster of risk factors predisposing individuals to osteomyelitis relapse and a more complex disease course.
Keywords: Anemia, sickle cell; Bacteremia; Debridement; Disease Severity; Osteomyelitis
Assessing the Psychological and Social Impacts of the Refugee Crisis on Members of the Refugees-Hosting Community: A Survey Study of the Jordan Community
Full text linkملخص: هدف البحث الحالي إلى تقييم الآثار النفسيّة والاجتماعية النّاتجة عن أزمة اللجوء لدى أفراد المجتمعات المستضيفة للاجئين، وقد تكوّنت عيّنة الدّراسة من (3152) فرداً، تمّ اختيارهم بالطريقة المتيسرة.ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة، تم تطوير مقياس الآثار النفسية والاجتماعية الذي تألف من (42) فقرة بحيث وزّعتْ على مجالين هما: (الآثار النفسية، والآثار الاجتماعية).وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أنّ مستوى الآثار النفسية كان منخفضاً؛ بينما جاء مستوى الآثار الاجتماعية بدرجة متوسطة، كما أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في الآثار النفسية تعزى لمتغيرات الجنس، العمر، وطبيعة العمل، وعدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا تعزى لمتغير مستوى التعليم. في حين أظهرت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية للآثار الاجتماعية تعزى لمتغيرات الجنس، والعمر، وعدم وجود فروق دالة إحصائيًا تعزى لمتغيرات مستوى التعليم، وطبيعة العمل. وأوصى الباحثون بضرورة تبني نهج مؤسسي تخصصي للاهتمام بالصحة النفسية لأفراد المجتمع الأردني، والعمل على استحداث برامج للتأهيل المهني والاجتماعي للباحثين عن عمل.Abstract: The current research aimed to assess the psychological and social impacts on Jordanian. The Convenience sample consisted of (3152)To achieve the aim of the study, measure were developed to the psychosocial and social impact scale, which consists of (42) items, The results shown that the psychological effects are low, and social effects are moderate. The results also shown a significance difference on psychological effects to gender and age and work, but there were no significance differences on education level. The results also shown a significance difference on social effects to gender and age, but there is no a significance differences on education level and work. So, The researchers recommend to adopting a specialized institutional approach to take care of Jordanian's mental health, and working on rehabilitating the unemployed individuals functionally, psychologically and socially
قيم المواطنة على منصات التواصل الاجتماعي: دراسة تحليلية للمحتوى المرئي على حسابات تويتر للمؤسسات الحكومية السعودية أثناء الاحتفال باليوم الوطني لعام 2022م: قيم المواطنة على منصات التواصل الاجتماعي: دراسة تحليلية للمحتوى المرئي على حسابات تويتر للمؤسسات الحكومية السعودية أثناء الاحتفال باليوم الوطني لعام 2022م
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يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على قيم المواطنة المستهدف تعزيزها في المحتوى المرئي على حسابات توتير الخاصة بالمؤسسات الحكومية السعودية خاصة اليوم الوطني الذى يشهد اهتماما بتعميق مفهوم المواطنة والتعرف على درجة اتساق قيم المواطنة المعروضة في المحتوى المرئي للمؤسسات الحكومية السعودية خلال اليوم الوطني مع الأولويات الوطنية، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة أجريت دراسة تحليلية على عينة من رسائل المؤسسات الحكومية السعودية المرئية بلغت (164) رسالة نشرت عبر موقع توتير وذلك بمناسبة الاحتفال باليوم الوطني لعام 2022، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج منها؛ أن أكثر القيم التي تم التركيز عليها في المحتوى المرئي للمؤسسات الحكومية خلال اليوم الوطني تتمثل في إبراز المنجزات الوطنية والتأكيد على حب الوطن والولاء له، وأن مقاطع الفيديو القصيرة والأغاني والرقصات هي الطرق الأكثر تكراراً في الرسائل التي بثتها المؤسسات الحكومية، وكان التركيز على الجانب العاطفي في الفيديوهات محل الدراسة، ووجود اتساق بين قيم المواطنة في أغلب المحتوى المرئي ونشاط المؤسسات الحكومية السعودية خلال اليوم الوطني.
الكلمات المفتاحية: منصات التواصل الاجتماعي؛ قيم المواطنة؛ اليوم الوطني السعودي؛ رؤية المملكة 2030، المسؤولية الاجتماعية.يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على قيم المواطنة المستهدف تعزيزها في المحتوى المرئي على حسابات توتير الخاصة بالمؤسسات الحكومية السعودية خاصة فى اليوم الوطني الذى يشهد اهتماما بتعميق مفهوم المواطنة والتعرف على درجة اتساق قيم المواطنة المعروضة في المحتوى المرئي للمؤسسات الحكومية السعودية خلال اليوم الوطني مع الأولويات الوطنية، ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة أجريت دراسة تحليلية على عينة من رسائل المؤسسات الحكومية السعودية المرئية بلغت (164) رسالة نشرت عبر موقع توتير وذلك بمناسبة الاحتفال باليوم الوطني لعام 2022، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج منها؛ أن أكثر القيم التي تم التركيز عليها في المحتوى المرئي للمؤسسات الحكومية خلال اليوم الوطني تتمثل في إبراز المنجزات الوطنية والتأكيد على حب الوطن والولاء له، وأن مقاطع الفيديو القصيرة والأغاني والرقصات هي الطرق الأكثر تكراراً في الرسائل التي بثتها المؤسسات الحكومية، وكان التركيز على الجانب العاطفي في الفيديوهات محل الدراسة، ووجود اتساق بين قيم المواطنة في أغلب المحتوى المرئي ونشاط المؤسسات الحكومية السعودية خلال اليوم الوطني.
الكلمات المفتاحية: منصات التواصل الاجتماعي؛ قيم المواطنة؛ اليوم الوطني السعودي؛ رؤية المملكة 2030، المسؤولية الاجتماعية
Cutting-Edge Approach to Targeted Therapy: Repositioning of Old Drugs in Combination with Standard Clinical Chemotherapeutics Potentiates a Propitious Novel Targeted Therapy for Human Pancreatic Cancer
Full text linkMetastatic pancreatic cancer leads to a fatal outcome, with a median progression-free survival of approximately six months when utilizing the most successful combination of chemotherapeutic regimens. When drug resistance develops, it facilitates an increase in primary tumor growth and new and growing metastases. Patients inevitably and quickly succumb to their disease and die. Notably, chemotherapy has an unintended impact on the development of drug resistance through the enhancement of EMT development and the enrichment of cancer stem cells (CSC). Recent report discovered that neuraminidase-1 (Neu-1) regulates EMT induction, angiogenesis, and cellular proliferation by the activation of several receptor tyrosine kinases. Here, the continual therapeutic inhibition of Neu-1 through intravenous administration of oseltamivir phosphate (OP) and aspirin (ASA) alongside GEM treatment significantly inhibits tumor progression, crucial compensatory signaling pathways, EMT program, CSC, and metastasis progression in a preclinical RAG2xCy double mutant BALB/c mouse model of human PANC-1 pancreatic cancer. The tumorigenic and metastatic potential of the xenotumors from the animals treated with the experimental protocols were significantly ablated when transferred into the mammary fat pads of NSG (NOD SCID gamma) branded mice.
Keywords: pancreatic cancer; chemoresistance; drug repurposing; EMT
A Census of Lakes in Gandaki Province based on Remote Sensing
Full text linkLakes in Nepal play a crucial role in supporting biodiversity conservation, regulating ecosystems, and providing livelihood opportunities for local communities. Many lakes in Nepal hold immense religious and cultural significance for the local community, serving as sacred pilgrimage sites and embodying spiritual entities that are integral to the traditions, beliefs, and practices of the people, making them important cultural landmarks of the country. Despite their significance and importance, lakes in Nepal have faced degradation and challenges. Due to inappropriate infrastructure development, encroachment, and anthropogenic activities, lakes are degraded in Nepal. In recent years, Gandaki Province also witnessed the degradation of lakes. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the status of lake degradation as well as find out the total number of lakes in the Gandaki Province. The study was conducted utilizing both Remote Sensing (RS) techniques and conducting field visits. First of all, the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was calculated with the help of Google Earth Engine with Sentinal 2A/B satellite. That gives the water area, and then polygons of water bodies were created throughout the province in an identified area. These polygons were uploaded in ArcGIS and a base map was added. In the ArcGIS platform, polygons were further edited for the precise area using very high-resolution imagery. These edited polygons were further verified in Google Earth. Field visits, personal phone inquiries, and group discussions were conducted for further verification. Data were also collected from municipality/rural municipality, elected representatives, and key informants. Altogether 290 lakes (including ponds, lakes, and glacier lakes) were mapped and identified in the Gandaki Province. These lakes cover about 0.1045% of the total surface area of the Gandaki Province. Approximately 60% of the lakes were identified above 3000 m above sea level (asl). Lakes identified below 3000 m asl were mostly mapped from the Kaski, Parbat, and Nawalparasi Districts. The highest number of lakes discovered in Mustang (a total of 73 lakes), encompasses both lakes situated below 3000 m asl and those above 4500 m asl. Many of the wetland areas, most of which are located below 3000 m are currently facing the threat of extinction. Numerous lakes have already been transformed into playgrounds and residential areas, leading to the loss of valuable wetland ecosystems in the Gandaki Province
Perception of Nurses Toward Working at High Reliability Healthcare Organizations: The Association to Nurses' Psychological Safety and Intention to Stay
Full text linkBackground: High-reliability organizations (HROs) of healthcare are facing tough challenges to improve nurses’ psychological safety and intent to stay through maintaining organizational resources, work flexibility, environmental safety, and effectively managing stress and anxieties the nurses face in the workplace. Aim: This study aims to identify the relation between perception of working at HRO, psychological safety and intent to stay among Dar Al-Fouad Hospital nurses. Design: A correlational ex-post facto research. Setting: The study was conducted at Dar Al Fouad Hospital. Study subjects: A simple random sample of nurses who are working in Dar Al Fouad Hospital n=225. Tools: Three instruments were used in this study: the instrument one Part (1) - personnel data, Part (2) - Safety Organizing Scale; instrument two - team psychological safety scale, and instrument three - nurses’ intent to stay scale. Results: The total perception levels of HRO was moderate 64.5%, psychological safety was moderate 75.6%, and intent to stay was moderate 89.3% among the studied sample. Conclusion: There was negative statistical significance relation between staff nurses’ total perception level regarding HRO, and psychological safety and intent to stay. Recommendation: Health care managers at HRO work to improve nurses’ psychological safety and intent to stay through providing personal and professional support, encouraging to report mistakes, ask questions, receive effective feedback, and see mistakes as opportunities to learn.
Keywords: High reliability organization; Intent to stay; Psychological safety
Assessment of Albumin Usage Patterns and Appropriateness in a Comprehensive Cancer Centre: A retrospective study in Jordan
Full text linkObjectives: Albumin is commonly used for various indications; however, there is conflicting data regarding its appropriate use in different clinical cases. This study aimed to determine the pattern and appropriateness of albumin use among cancer patients at the King Hussein Cancer Center in Jordan. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on adult cancer patients who were prescribed albumin between January 2019 and July 2020 in both outpatient and inpatient settings. Data collected included demographics, prescribing services, indications and dosing regimens. A literature review was performed using PubMed to assess the appropriateness of albumin indications and dosing regimens against current guidelines, drug information resources and the package insert. Results: Albumin was prescribed to 1,361 patients during the study period. Each patient received an average of 74.4 ± 89 g of albumin for an average of 2.6 ± 1.8 days. Albumin use was deemed appropriate in 69% of the patients. The critical care service accounted for the highest albumin consumption, with 37% of prescriptions for septic shock. Inappropriate use of albumin was most prevalent in the medical solid tumour services (40.8% of prescriptions), primarily for edema (28%). Conclusion: To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate albumin use in a large cohort of oncology patients. Approximately one-third of the albumin prescriptions were considered inappropriate. Continuous education on appropriate usage and regular evaluations of guideline adherence are essential to ensure proper utilisation of albumin in cancer care
Child of Unknown Parentage in Islamic Jurisprudence: His Rights and Provisions
Full text linkملخص: سعى البحث إلى استخلاص منظومة التشريعات الإسلامية المتعلقة بالطفل مجهول الأبوين؛ التي تأتي ضمن اعتناء الشريعة الإسلامية بحقوق الإنسان ومراعاته وتكريمه عن غيره من المخلوقات، وتتمثل مشكلة البحث في تجلية مدى اعتناء الشريعة الإسلامية بتأطير الأحكام الشرعية المتعلقة بالطفل مجهول الأبوين، وتتفرع عن هذه المشكلة أسئلة تصنف في ثلاثة محاور، الأول: ما مفهوم الطفل مجهول الأبوين؟ وما المصطلحات ذات الصلة به في الشريعة الإسلامية؟ والثاني: ما أسباب جهالة الأبوين؟ وما حكم التسبب فيها؟ وما الأحكام التكليفية المتعلقة برعاية الطفل مجهول الأبوين؟ والثالث: ما الأحكام الشرعية المتعلقة بالطفل مجهول الأبوين من حيث النسب والميراث والمعاملات المدنية؟ واعتمد الباحث المنهج الوصفي والمنهج التحليلي في تتبع موضوعات البحث وتوصيفها وتحليلها وبيان أطر الأحكام المتعلقة بها، وخلص البحث إلى أن الشريعة الإسلامية وضعت منظومة من التشريعات لحماية الطفل مجهول الأبوين؛ ابتداء من تجريمها الأسباب المفضية إلى هذا الفعل، وثانيًا بفرضها رعايته والاعتناء به والإحسان إليه وتجريمها التنصل من هذه المسؤولية، وثالثا بجعله كغيره من المؤهلين من معلومي الأبوين في ميراثه ووصيته ومعاملاته المدنية.Abstract: The research seeks to derive the system of Islamic legislation concerning children of unknown parentage, which is part of the Islamic sharia's respect for and observance of human rights and honour for other creatures. The research problem focuses on the extent to which Islamic law takes care of the framing of legal provisions relating to children of unknown parentage. Questions classified in three axes are devoted to this problem. First, what is the concept of a child of unknown parentage? What are its legitimate determinants? Second: What are the causes of parents' ignorance? What is the provision for causing it? What are the mandatory provisions for the care of children of unknown parentage? Third: What are the legal provisions relating to children of unknown parentage in terms of descent, inheritance, and civil transactions? The researcher adopted the descriptive and analytical approach in tracking, describing, and analysing research topics and describing the frameworks of the relevant provisions. The research concluded that the Islamic sharia had established a system of legislation to protect children of unknown parentage; From the criminalization of the reasons for this act, and secondly by imposing his care, benevolence, and criminalization of disavowing this responsibility, and thirdly as other qualified parents in his inheritance, guardianship, and civil transactions
Personal Traits and Their Relationship to Decision-Making Styles among Yemeni Universities Students
Full text linkملخص: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف على طبيعة العلاقة بين السمات الشخصية وأساليب اتخاذ القرار، على عينة اُخْتِيرَت بالطريقة العشوائية الطبقية؛ إذ بلغ حجم العينة (233) طالباً وطالبة من ثلاث جامعات يمنية. ولتحقيق أهداف الدراسة اُسْتُخْدِمَت استبانة اشتملت على (34) فقرة، لمقياسين، هما: مقياس سمات الشخصية المكون من (10) فقرات، ومقياس أساليب اتخاذ القرار المكون من (24) فقرة، واعتمدت هذه الدراسة على المنهج الوصفي الارتباطي، وقد أظهر تحليل الانحدار الخطي المتعدد وجود علاقة دالة إحصائيا بين سمات الشخصية وأساليب اتخاذ القرار كما أشارت الدراسة إلى أن الطالبات أكثر اعتماداً على أسلوب اتخاذ القرار الحدسي والاعتمادي والعفوي، وكذلك يتمتعن بسمات مقبولية وعصابية أكثر من الذكور. وفي ضوء النتائج أوصت الدراسة بضرورة الاهتمام بالسمات الشخصية لدى طلبة الجامعات لما لها من أهمية في معرفة أساليب اتخاذ القرار الذي يمكن أن يسهم في جودة القرارات لدى الطلبة.Abstract: This study aimed to identify the nature of the relationship between personal traits and decision-making styles on a sample selected by a stratified random method, where the sample size was (233) male and female students from three Yemeni universities. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was used that included (34) items for two scales: the personality traits scale, consisting of (10) items, and the decision-making styles scale, consisting of (24) items. This study also relied on the correlative descriptive analytical approach. The multiple linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between personality traits and decision-making styles. The study also indicated that female students depend more on intuitive, dependent, and spontaneous decision-making styles. They have more agreeable and neurotic traits than males. In light of the study's results, the researcher recommended paying attention to the personal traits of university students because they are important in understanding decision-making styles that can contribute to the quality of students' decisions