International Journal Online of Humanities (IJOHMN)
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Molière’s Tartuffe: A Foucauldian Reading
Get PDFThe present study discusses Foucault’s concern with the nature of power in human society. As the concept of power is a major challenge in communal societies, he believes that there is no longer a single dominant power. The play portrays this challenge for obtaining power and the resistance it faces that can be best analyzed in a philosophical term. The paper shows how various orders of power are at work in a house which is very similar to a battlefield. As a classical play, one may think that the father is the head of family and has the final say but it is obvious that different members of the family, even their servant resist this kind of power. So, the paper analyses the status of power structure in a classical play.
Consciousness Binds Consciousness Releases
Get PDFConsciousness is one which pervades the whole existence; from material to vital and mental world and beyond. Not only mind or its awareness, nor matter nor senses alone; every being, everything is replete with consciousness. Consciousness as an element may rise high above that psychological stratum to which we give the name of mentality. There is a superconscient stage as well as subconscient. Endowed with mind man is most miserable as he cannot avoid fear and anxiety but he has no clue to control his miseries. The human being is used to collective consciousness which safely guides animals without a tormenting mind but it pulls man down. Collective thought, collective suggestions are formidable influences which act constantly on individual thought with mixture of obscurities and unconsciousness. One needs to be established on his individuality.
The Mythological Thought of Rigveda
Get PDFMythological thought is a specific way of thinking in the history that human beings transit from the age of barbarism to the age of civilization. It reflects human beings’ divine experience on nature and life as a method for human beings to master and transcend the nature as well as the interpretation of initial human society beyond humanism, which symbolizes the evolution of human thoughts from primitive thoughts to higher logic thoughts. The thinking mode and emotions of Indians are deeply rooted in religious views, which were even reflected in ancient Vedic period. Rigveda is a paean that was generated when Aryans fought against invasion by different races and the nature. Aryans on the grassland led a nomadic life in the vast world. They felt the spirits of all things due to worship of the nature so they were generous with worship of deities. After Aryans lived a stable life in the agrarian society, the mythological world of Aryans developed from polytheism to monolatry. In other words, it developed towards the world with fewer deities or the lord deity. With polytheism, their worship for deities was gradually improving simultaneously. As the origin of India religious culture, Rigveda has reflected various features of Indian’s mythological thought
Stephen Gill Pens Poetry for Personal Therapy
Get PDFAbout 300 years before Christ, Aristotle describes catharsis in his Poetics to show the impact of true tragedy on the audience. In the nineteenth century, Josef Breuer, the companion of Sigmund Freud, was the first to use Aristotelian concept in the realm of psychology. One template of catharsis is the use of a musical instrument for a tired person to feel relaxed. In literature, one example is Oedipus Rex in which Oedipus unknowingly marries his biological mother. Another example is Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. It is often said that reading any work about murder or to see it on the television can be a healing therapy.
A Comparative Study of French and English Auxiliary Verbs
Get PDFAuxiliary verbs in English and French languages are very germane in constructing sentences in both languages. Therefore, this study examines the way auxiliary verbs are used in English and French Languages; and some features where learners of either language may encounter some difficulties in the course of learning. Our attention is drawn to auxiliary verbs because verb is what that makes any sentence functions the way it is. Verb is one of the most important parts of speech in French grammar and also in English. It is through verb that one knows when an action takes place. When a verb helps another verb to form one of its tenses in a sentence, such verb can be said to be auxiliary. This paper also focuses on auxiliary verbs and how verbs are used in the past and present indications. Auxiliary verbs cannot stand or function alone without relying on the main verb in both English and French languages. Finally, we shall concurrently consider in this paper how semi-auxiliary verbs function as modal auxiliary in French.
Paulo Coelho as an Optimistic Writer
Get PDFThe basic motive of this research paper is to investigate Paulo Coelho as an optimistic writer through his writings. In this regard researchers use subjective study in which they put their opinions about Coelho’s optimistic ideas with the reference of his writings. The researchers select three novels in this way such as, “The Alchemist”, “The Fifth Mountain” and “Brida”. The researchers used all these novels as primary sources in this research paper. The researchers depict Coelho’s attitude, views, opinions and vision about his characters through his writing style. The researchers interpret Coelho’s optimism on the basis of existentialism philosophy
Tagore and Naipaul on Indian and European Civilisations: Patriotic and Biassed Views Changed their Perspectives
Get PDFV.S. Naipaul was writer of Indian origin writer settled in Great Britain and Rabindranath Tagore was Bengali writer born and brought up in India. Both were Nobel Laureates in Literature. Based on their overall behavior and treatment with the colonized people, Tagore a patriot to the core, saw and judged the foreign colonisers from his Indian patriotic point of view. He realised how and why they sucked India for their own benefit to the utter neglect of Indians. But Naipaul’s ancestors migrated perhaps under compulsion to the Caribbean islands where Naipaul was born (Chaguanas, Trinidad and Tobagos). He settled in England and stayed put there for the major part of his life. Compared to his background Britain was new found paradise for him. Ambitious, he studied English and was imbued in their culture. He wrote as if Britain was more than his birth land. He was awarded Nobel Prize as a British, a European. From his perspective he was not only indebted but deeply moved to love that country and continent. His name and fame spread from there. India had nothing to do about it except his Indian origin background taking the clue from his ancestors. He had some tilt towards India nothing of it remained when India was compared to Britan or Europe. He was obliged to see the world through their spectacles. His ideas and favour for Britain and Europe was generated by his position and interest in life. Judged Neutrally it was a biased view.
Autobiography as a Quest for Identity
Get PDFWhat is the difference between biography and autobiography? The former is more revealing and hence is more in demand. According to Graham Greens autobiography is only ‘a sort of life’. It is more selective. He observed that ‘it begins later and ends prematurely. If one cannot close a book of memoirs on the death bed, any conclusion must be arbitrary’. The reader of an autobiography becomes an interested witness to the writer’s account of his life. He is a keen observer of an author’s obsession with his identity and the crises of his life. The reader can find lessons for his own life from the author’s account. Necessarily, he is more an active participant of the creative process while reading an autobiography than while reading a novel. The reader is bound to find parallels between the experiences of the writer and his own. The history of autobiographical writing dates back to the ‘confessions’ of St. Augustine written in the second half of the fourth century. The difference between Christian idea of confession and autobiography as it developed in the eighteenth, nineteenth and our century must be noted. Peter Abbes says that ‘confessions, in their traditional form, crave forgiveness, autobiography desires understanding. Confessions are devoted to salvation, autobiographies to individuation’. It is only with Rousseau that the form of memoirs took its present shape – ‘simply myself’. The importance of the individual reader was understood by autobiographers after Rousseau. Gibbon, Goethe, Ruskin, Wordsworth, John Stuart Mill, Newman, Darwin and a host of others gave the field of autobiography its pride of place. In our century autobiography has been used as a means for relentless self-exploration and for organising our experience
Shakespeare’s Othello: The Esteemed, Reviled, Shunned, and Integrated?
Get PDFIn Shakespearean literature, one can find themes that challenge the Elizabethan conventional way of thinking and life, and the tragedy of Othello is no exception. In a dramatic presentation, Shakespeare challenges the way in which Black people are seen in Elizabethan society by placing a Moor in the context of Venice, Italy who is both hated and respected in his place in a racist society. There is no doubt that there is racism in Elizabethan society. According to Eldred Jones, during the era in which Othello is composed, Queen Elizabeth enacts legislation that calls for all Black people to leave the country (Jones, 1994). Racism is not the core theme of the dramatic piece; however, the existence of racism is illustrated and expressed via Shakespeare’s artistic medium. Just as feminism, greed, jealousy, hubris, and varying other matters dealing with the human spirit do not seepage Shakespeare’s consideration, nor do race matters. Furthermore, just as he dramatizes human issues, he dramatizes race matters. There are fictional elements in Othello that are intertwined with nonfictional matters of human behavior and racial unrest. In the middle of racial unrest, Shakespeare composes a theatrical production with a Black character who is esteemed, reviled, shunned, and integrated into such a society, capturing the complicated nature of communal racism itself
A Study on the Works of Elizabeth Cook-Lynn with Reference to Indian Genocide
Get PDFThis work is a study on the works of Elizabeth Cook-Lynn who is proficient scholar and hails from South Dakotas and Sioux nations and their turmoil, anguish and lamentation to retrieve their lands and preserve their culture and race. Many a aboriginals were killed in the post colonization. Elizabeth Cook-Lynn grieves and her lamentation for the people of Dakotas yields sympathy towards the survived at Wounded Knee massacre and the great exploitation of the livelihood of the indigenous people and the cruelty of American Federal government. Treaty conserved indigenous lands had been lost due to the title of Sioux Nation and many Dakotas and Dakotas had been forced off from their homelands due to the anti-Indian legislation, poverty and federal Indian – white American policy. The whites had no more regard for or perceiving the native’s peoples’ culture and political status as considered by Jefferson’s epoch. And to collect bones and Indian words, delayed justice all these issues tempt her to write. The authors accuses that America was in ignorance and racism and imperialism which was prevalent in the westward movement. The natives want to recall their struggles, and their futures filled with uncertainty by the reality and losses by the white and Indian life in America which had undergone deliberate diminishment by the American government sparks the writer to back for the indigenous peoples. this multifaceted study links american study with native american studies. this research brings to highlight the unchangeable scenario of the Native American who is in the bonds of as
American further this research scrutinizes Elizabeth’s diplomacy and legalized decolonization theory which reflects in her literature career and her works but defies to her own doctrines.
Elizabeth Cook-Lynn’s confronts for the U. S cultural imperialism on the Native People of America and strives for the empowerment of the peoples and their governance which is impractical at the present scenario.