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Short Arc Initial Orbit Determination For Leo Objects And The Impact Of Observation Eelevation On Predictive Accuracy
Get PDFThe expansion of space activities has led to an increase in congestion. With this increase, there has been a growing emphasis on the importance of space situational awareness. Without it, the space environment can become hazardous, with increasing threats of collision and debris generation. As the utilization of space continues to grow, effective methods for tracking objects to maintain situational awareness must also be considered. One approach to tracking objects in space involves a series of steps, including optical observations and orbit estimations using initial orbit determination methods, followed by additional observations and continuous tracking. However, a challenge with this tracking method is the low quality and quantity of observational data, which can impact the accuracy achieved from these methods. This thesis will study two new and two traditional methods of initial orbit determination, analyzing improvements in accuracy with limited data for each method. Additionally, the impact of observation elevation will be analyzed to assess its effects on the quality of data, and how this, along with a limited amount of data, can affect the overall initial orbit determination accuracy
GPS Accuracy of Smartphones for Crowdsourcing Research
Get PDFABSTRACT GPS Accuracy of Smartphones for Crowdsourcing Research Derron Dike Utilizing crowdsourcing with smartphones as a method for field data collection can contribute an array of data for scientific studies and land management applications. This study used crowdsourcing to examine smartphone built-in GPS performance for providing location-specific information with potential forestry applications. The usability of smartphones for GPS data collection in forestry studies or other practical applications is dependent on the level of accuracy required for those applications. A Smartphone Accuracy Trial was designed to test the GPS accuracy performance of current smartphones. Participants used the ArcGIS Field Maps application on their smartphone to record the GPS locations of 30 control points. The accuracy of the smartphone GPS receiver positions was defined as horizontal distance between the smartphone GPS location and the ground-truth survey control point location. The accuracy of smartphone GPS appears to improve over time with the inclusion of newer models and dual frequency. At the time of this study, smartphones with single frequency GPS receivers were the most common in use, while dual frequency models were relatively new. The overall average error distance was 10.6 feet. The mean error distance for dual frequency smartphone GPS (10.863 ft.) was about one foot more accurate than for single frequency smartphone GPS (9.499 ft). The best performing models were the iPhone SE 3 at 4.87 feet and the iPhone 15 Pro at 5.10 feet. Studies like this help to update the current state of technologies that are still in progress of improving over time. By knowing the GPS iv accuracy of current smartphones with this crowdsourced method, we can better apply this approach for management and scientific studies. Keywords: Smartphone GPS Accuracy, ArcGIS Field Maps, Dual Frequency, Crowdsourcing, Citizen Science, Data Collection, Forestry, Natural Regeneratio
Communication Challenges and Lessons Learned for an International Research and Development Project
Get PDFThis paper discusses the importance of communication for an International Research and Development project given the timeline it takes to accomplish. With a Cal Poly team of 5 students, 2 professors as advisors, an off-campus external advisor, and the Moringa Connect team in Ghana, many forms of communication were utilized and documented throughout the duration of the project. For a project of this magnitude, it was crucial to establish clear forms of communication from the first discussions of the project for both the internal Cal Poly team and the external team in Ghana. Implementing shared documents such as a deliverable log and a question-and-answer sheet proved to be much more effective than using the messaging app WhatsApp. It was discovered early on that design was going to be a much larger aspect of the project scope than anticipated which led to a very tight window for the Cal Poly team to create a fully functioning leaf drying system in only 10 weeks from initial discussions. The lessons learned from this project should help establish the importance of consistency in communication early on and insight of what to expect regarding communication strategies and best practices to implement during a similar project
Spring Rate Measurement of a Pneumatic Mountain Bike Tire
Get PDFThe Final Design Review (FDR) presents a comprehensive overview of the spring rate measurement project for a pneumatic mountain bike tire. This report details the project\u27s design, its implementation, and how it met all specified requirements. It also includes a discussion of the project\u27s findings and recommendations for future work, assuming continuation of the project. The primary goal is to develop a device that allows professional race teams or experienced mountain bike riders to parameterize tires based on their spring rate in addition to internal pressure.
Since the Critical Design Review (CDR), the design has undergone significant changes due to a switch to an in-line load cell from the original S-beam load cell. This design change allowed for a reduction in the overall dimensions and weight of the product, while still meeting the force requirements.
The project involved manufacturing various dynamic components including upper and lower bearing adapters as well as static components such as the wheel axle and frame. Most parts were custom-made using both subtractive and additive manufacturing processes. The electrical components used include the load cell, Arduino microcontroller and supporting products. This report verifies the design specifications by detailing each of the test guidelines.
The final design exceeded expectations in many areas but raised concerns about the design of the force application system. The switch to the smaller load cell initially introduced buckling of the force application system and eventual failure of the load cell as a result. A slight redesign was introduced to eliminate possible load cell failure. Key takeaways from the project include the importance of teamwork, a broad understanding of manufacturing processes, allowing sufficient project time for unexpected issues, and avoiding last-minute design changes.
For future work, we recommend modifying the design of the force application system actuation to eliminate buckling entirely. Additionally, collecting sufficient data will enable us to properly recommend a range of values to achieve consistent parameterization, aligning with the project\u27s scope
Quarter Car Suspension Model
Get PDFDr. Porumamilla, Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Cal Poly, needs a way to demonstrate the concept of base excitation to the mechanical engineering students in the Mechanical Vibrations (ME 318) Lab. A mass-spring-damper model represented by a quarter-car suspension has been selected to represent this concept. A team of four students was assigned to design such a model as a senior design project. This document will explain the testing procedures, how were the results, and if they achieved our requirements. Furthermore, the document will explain how we assemble our product and manufacturing steps. Additionally, Critical Design Report (CDR) design changes will be provided to compare between Final Design and the current. Finally, we are going to talk about our recommendations and future steps on the project
Validation Of Mobile Devices In Arbitrary Locations Against Force Plate Standard For Balance Assessment
Get PDFWith balance assessment being essential to the prediction of fall risk and detection and assessment of motor disorders, increasing clinical accessibility to objective balance metrics is essential. Work has been done validating center of mass (COM) acceleration metrics against well regarded force plate center of pressure (COP) position standards for mobile device data acquisition systems, but most research is restricted to devices being close to the COM or strapped in a harness configuration. Through the use of rigid body kinematics and the inverted pendulum model, this study develops novel methodology for calculating COM acceleration using mobile devices in arbitrary positions, as well as a novel approach to validation through direct comparison of COP position predictions to force plate measurements. Validation of this methodology included comparison of smartphone and force plate results for COM accelerations and COP positions. Results showed good analysis performance for both approaches during subject intentional swaying, but results were limited in cases of little motion where good balance was observed
Development Of Extruded Puffed Snack Utilizing Carrot Pomace, Bean Flour, And Rice Starch As Primary Ingredients
Get PDFEvery year, the carrot industry worldwide wastes up to 50% of carrots as raw material due to processing (Šeregelj et al., 2020). When carrots are juiced, the remaining fibrous pulp is often discarded as carrot pomace. In order to redirect this food waste, the first objective of this research was to optimize formulations for an extruded puffed snack that is most similar to commercially available puffed snacks, utilizing baby lima bean flour and carrot pomace
Hardness (kg), cross-sectional expansion ratio, bulk density (g/cm3), moisture content (%), water activity, specific mechanical energy (kJ/kg), carotenoid concentration (ppm), and total dietary fiber (%) were observed in response to manipulating carrot pomace (5-10%), bean flour and rice starch (88.25-94.42%), monoglyceride (0.50-1.50%) and calcium carbonate (0-0.25%) levels. Blends were extruded under a 40/40/60/60/100/120/140/160°C barrel temperature, 350 rpm screw speed, 42 mL/h water flow rate, and 0.399 kg/h feed rate. Hardness, water activity, and moisture content measurements were also taken from two other commercially available puffed snacks – one corn-based and one potato-based – and compared with those measurements of the extruded samples.
The second objective of this research was to develop a lab involving the extrusion of potato starch under four different processing parameters. Two die temperature levels (110°C and 120°C) and two water flow rate levels (2.0 mL/min and 2.3 mL/min) would be combined in order to produce four unique treatments. Students would measure hardness (kg), cross-sectional expansion ratio, bulk density (g/cm3), moisture content (%), and specific mechanical energy (kJ/kg) of the extruded samples. Pre- and post-lab questions would assess any changes in knowledge of extrusion after participating in the lab activity, discussion questions relate the content back to IFT standards and essential learning outcomes for approval of undergraduate food science and food technology programs, and lab safety questions would ensure smooth and safe operations.
Within the range of this study, the optimum condition for a puffed snack with the greatest consumer acceptability potential was 91.17% bean flour and rice starch (1:1 ratio), 8.33% carrot pomace, 0.05% monoglyceride, and 0% calcium carbonate. It was concluded that this formulation composition resulted in an increased expansion ratio and decreased hardness, which are qualities linked to greater consumer acceptability. Based on the data collected from other commercially available puffed snacks, it was determined that several puffed snacks extruded within this study (88.88-94.42% bean flour and rice starch, 5-10% carrot pomace, 0-0.25% CaCO3, and 0.5-1.17% monoglyceride) did not demonstrate a statistically different texture. These findings demonstrate the potential for the valorization of carrot pomace byproduct in order to create an acceptable fiber-rich extruded snack