Animo Repository - De La Salle University Research
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In The Hood
No full textIn The Hood, founded in July 2024, is an outdoor apparel brand offering comfortable, functional, stylish, and affordable wear suited for the Philippines’ wet and dry climate. It is a sole proprietorship owned by Ms. Juliana Monta, assisted by a management team composed of Mr. Arvie Alignay as head of operations, Mr. Adrian Mariano as head of marketing, Mr. Jaerus Panganiban as head of finance, and Ms. Chloe Llamas as head of human resources. The management executives contribute specialized expertise based on their functional areas, enabling effective organizational oversight and decision-making. Operating within the highly saturated outdoor apparel market, In The Hood relies on product innovation to penetrate and capture market share successfully. The brand targets young, active Millennial and Generation Z consumers, adopting the slogan, “Redefine Your Everyday.” Furthermore, the brand leverages digital marketing strategies such as social media and influencer marketing. Hence, In The Hood maintains a presence on Instagram and TikTok platforms to engage and communicate with consumers successfully. The brand commenced operations with an initial ₱7,000.00 investment, equally contributed by the owner and the current management heads. As of May 2025, it holds an increased ₱15,090.00 capital, which will finance future initiatives such as product diversification and business expansion. The owner and brand management will obtain investment returns from the proportional disbursement of net profits from In The Hood’s sales activities. Through these endeavors, In The Hood aspires to establish itself as a leading Filipino brand in the outdoor apparel industry
Love and Lust: A Philosophical Assessment of the Morality of Watching Pornography in Romantic Relationships through Aristotle’s Concept of Rationality and Virtue Ethics
Get PDFThis study examines the moral acceptability of watching pornography while being in a romantic relationship. It explores the role of consent and intent in determining whether the aforementioned act is morally acceptable or morally unacceptable. Using Aristotle’s Function of Rationality and his Virtue Ethics, the study establishes that the moral acceptability of pornography consumption is subjective, and its acceptability is not dictated by a universal and unconditional moral rule, but is rather dictated by the perspective, situation, and dynamic of the individuals in a relationship themselves. The study argues that the act may be morally acceptable given that there is mutual consent between the partners, and establishes that the intent behind consuming pornography also plays a crucial role in determining its moral acceptability. Furthermore, the discussion weighs the individual autonomy within a relationship, addressing whether individual freedom outweighs the potential harm of doing the act to a relationship. It is argued that these factors’ impact on a relationship’s fundamental aspects would determine its moral acceptability. To address these complexities, the study recommends establishing a healthy and open communication between partners to clearly establish boundaries and practice self-awareness in one’s decision-making. This is to ensure that actions align with both personal values and relationship expectations in order to maintain trust and respect between partners
Development and validation of a biology item bank using item response theory – four parameter logistic (IRT–4PL) model
No full textThis study developed and psychometrically validated a Biology Item Bank using the Item Response Theory Four-Parameter Logistic (IRT–4PL) model, aimed at providing a standardized pool of calibrated items for Senior High School STEM students preparing for biology-intensive and health-allied college programs. The development process followed a multi-phase validation protocol integrating expert evaluation, empirical testing, and advanced psychometric modeling. An initial pool of 120 multiple-choice items was constructed and reviewed by five biology educators through online focus group discussions. Items were evaluated for content accuracy, linguistic clarity, and curricular relevance, and were classified based on Bloom’s revised taxonomy across six cognitive levels. A pilot validation confirmed semantic and content appropriateness, after which the test was administered to 1,017 STEM students from a private university in Metro Manila. Both dichotomous and polytomous scoring were employed, enabling robust distractor analysis. Reliability analysis yielded a strong Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.920), which improved slightly (α = 0.923) after the removal of underperforming items. Additional distractor diagnostics resulted in revisions and refinements, producing an 88-item calibrated pool. Structural validity was established through exploratory factor analysis (KMO = 0.879; Bartlett’s test, p \u3c .001) and confirmatory factor analysis, which demonstrated acceptable fit indices (RMSEA = 0.013, SRMR = 0.025, TLI = 0.916, CFI = 0.932). Item-level calibration under the IRT–4PL model provided parameter estimates for discrimination (a), difficulty (b), guessing (c), and slipping (d). Results indicated a small number of items with misfit or overfitting, while the majority performed within psychometric expectations. The Item Characteristic Curves (ICCs) displayed the psychometric soundness of retained items across cognitive domains. Based on integrated statistical and expert criteria, the final classification consisted of 18 retained items, 20 revised, 16 reassigned to alternative domains, and 66 rejected due to psychometric flaws. This study affirms the utility of the IRT–4PL model in developing item banks for high-stakes assessments. The finalized test, rigorously validated, provides a dependable source of calibrated items for biology assessments and diagnostic purposes. Moreover, the study recommends extending the IRT–4PL framework to the development of item banks in other science domains, ensuring validity, fairness, and pedagogical alignment in assessment design.
Keywords: Biology test, IRT–4PL, item bank, discrimination, difficulty, guessing, slipping, factor analysis, latent trait/construc
Banse: A social commentary on the status of the modern Philippine society
No full textThe short film aimed to offer a new and stylish angle to view the Philippine social class divide through one of the beloved sports games of Filipinos: billiards intertwined with the concept of hierarchy and power dynamics. The social class divide is easy to notice but often overlooked; with billiards in the picture, it is less difficult to grasp the politics of billiards and its game of rules, even with metaphors being utilized. One of the goals of the film was to portray the exploitation that occurs between classes as how each class sees an opportunity to profit from each other. Billiards is not only a popular pastime activity. It is also ingrained within the Filipino culture; no matter the age, anyone can learn and enjoy the game. Hailed as a game of skill, not privilege, the sport or game provides a brief moment of “equality” between players or participants. Billiards places are accessible as they can be found almost anywhere, even locally. The story of the short film was told in a non-linear fashion. Actors were hired to play the roles of Mok, the runner, and the backer, who portray the social classes. The film was shot mostly in one location, although there are still some shots in other locations that assist in influencing and enhancing the narrative and its flow. Sound design was as crucial as the shots as it paints a more vivid picture that furthers the narrative. Film emulation was utilized in this project by emulating the film stock Kodak 2383. Contrasting billiard locations also told a story in the film; one was locally found in the streets, and the other was a more established one with food and beverage services. The film, rather than offering a direct resolution, left the audience to reflect on the ongoing class struggles in the country. The visual and audio clips (shots, follies) used were recorded in person to produce the most authentic scenarios as immersive as possible. The MP4 format HD 1080p was chosen to prioritize storage, ensure ease of access, and maintain the vision sought after
Sagip
No full textSagip is a short drama fiction film that ran twenty-four minutes fifty seconds (24:50) and focused on grief, trauma, healing, and overcoming traumas through nature immersion. The short film followed a chronological order, showcasing emotional connection, and character development. The narrative centered on Karlos, a 44-year-old man, and his niece Kei, 17 years old. The story unfolded as they began their journey to commemorate the first death anniversary of Kei\u27s parent\u27s tragic death on an expedition. Their journey progressed through a series of confrontations and awakenings that challenged and facilitated their healing process. At its core, Karlos and Kei reconciled their relationship, symbolizing a new beginning. The film delved into the concept of acknowledging the grief that came from losing our loved ones and incorporated how connecting with nature helped in the grieving process, particularly in tackling mental health. This connection not only helped people understand and heal but also gave them the strength to confront and reconnect with the challenges that they held back. It was inspired by our personal experiences that highlight how nature can alleviate a person\u27s worries, recognizing the breathtaking moments it provided for reflection and the existence of nature. This film also addressed the idea that nature is interconnected with us. Through this incorporation, films can raise awareness and encourage sustainability, prompting audiences to think about their relationship with the environment
Cold reading: Exploring the impact of child fame
No full text“Cold Reading” - Exploring the Impact of Child Fame: A Hypernarrative Approach aims to explore the actions and effects that minors undergo or experience when they are child stars in the media spotlight at such a young age. Different pressures and expectations follow from this spotlight to uphold the image that the media has constructed for them.
As a result, the team wants to investigate their experiences, focusing on how child stars become famous while also identifying any recurring themes or problems they encounter in the business. “Cold Reading” explores these themes through different storylines and routes as a fictional hypernarrative story in the form of a visual novel, conceptualized from the interviews and stories from current and former child stars.
The hypernarrative visual novel is set to have six different endings, depending on the player\u27s choices. The story follows three different characters from which the player can choose which route they want to follow. In each plotline, the player must make one of two decisions to unlock a different ending on that character’s route. Five interviews were conducted online to research and gain insight and authenticity for this project. All interviewees signed informed consent forms prior to the interview. Stories and experiences from these interviews were taken with consent and used to fill out the plotlines of the routes of this project.
The project was produced and recorded online, including the interviews and pre-production work.
MP4 Format compiled on one website link
Queering the Classrooms: Filipino Teachers’ Perspectives and Practices of Queer Pedagogy
No full textWith the increasing progress of queer perspectives in the academic setting, there have been calls for LGBTQ+-inclusive teaching practices. In the Philippines, attempts have been implemented to produce curricula and materials that are more gender-responsive and gender-sensitive. However, these initiatives are without their barriers as conservative traditions and sexist ideologies still affect the eradication of gender-based discrimination in the classrooms. To fully grasp these issues, the present study aimed to elicit insights from queer Filipino teachers about their views and perspectives on using queer pedagogy in their classrooms. With these pedagogical choices, the study tried to understand the queering process of the classrooms. Using Michel de Certeau’s notions of alteration of knowledge, the study utilized interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) through qualitative survey (QS) to identify perceptions and accounts of queer Filipino teachers (n=30) on queering their pedagogies. In the findings, the study presents the perspectives of the teachers in using queer pedagogies as well as their strategies in incorporating such practices in the classroom. Results revealed how the queer Filipino teachers viewed queer pedagogy as opportunities to promote inclusive education and increase consciousness towards gender-related issues. To do this, the responses uncovered how teachers used LGBTQ+-themed materials and classroom dialogues to queer their teaching practices. In effect, the queering of the classroom exemplified de Certeau’s claim on how teaching—like other everyday practices—emerged from constant alterations and innovations