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Constituency representation of regional party-list organizations in the Philippines: The case of Ako Bicol and Ang Probinsyano
No full textThis study examines how party-list groups represent their constituencies by analyzing two regional groups from Bicol using key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. It examines their constituent engagement and policymaking strategies in legislative (bill submissions) and non-legislative (constituency services) actions. It presents the implications of their approach toward constituency engagement vis-a-vis the legislative functions of these party lists in terms of their role as representative of their claimed constituencies. This study reveals that party-list groups represent their constituencies through visibility-building strategies, legislation emphasis, and services rendered. It shows that more established groups like the Ako Bicol Party list (AKB) have built strong name recall and program visibility. They primarily engage constituents through direct service provision, reinforcing a transactional rather than participatory model. On the other hand, Ang Probinsyano Party List (APPL) struggles with recognition, weakening their capacity to shape legislative priorities and mobilize constituency support. Based on these findings, this study argues the concept of institutional maturity in the party list system. It highlights how newer groups struggle to establish influence, initially focusing on national policymaking before shifting to localized initiatives. Additionally, it explores the paradox of visibility and engagement, where party-list groups claim to represent certain constituencies but prioritize short-term assistance over grassroots participation in policymaking. Thus, this demonstrates how party-list groups function as de facto service providers rather than genuine representatives, reinforcing patronage politics over participatory governance. This study shifts discourse from assessing party-list groups’ origin and nature, i.e., dominated by traditional political elites and families, to questioning the system’s ability to fulfill its mandate. It underscores the need for institutional reforms that promote bottom-up governance, transparency, and long-term policy-driven representation. Without such reforms, the party-list system will continue prioritizing visibility and short-term aid over substantive legislative advocacy, failing to empower the constituencies through meaningful representation.
Keywords: Constituency representation, party-list system, regional party, Philippine Congres
An Analysis of Esports Consumption Among Esports Viewers in Metro Manila
Get PDFThe rise of esports has transformed the entertainment scene, captivating gamers, and individuals from diverse backgrounds. As competitive esports cement their place in mainstream entertainment, understanding why and how esports have become what it is today is important. This research investigates the different motivational factors driving esports consumption in Metro Manila, Philippines. This study utilizes the MSES questionnaire to evaluate the primary motivational factors influencing esports engagement, providing preliminary insights into the impact of influential factors on consumer motivation in the rapidly growing esports market. The study explored the influential factors that affect esports consumption and spectatorship in Metro Manila, focusing on demographic and gaming factors associated with watching different popular games in the region. It was uncovered that factors related to Skill Appreciation, Skill Improvement, and Competition were primary drivers for users to watch esport
Optimization of Iron (III) Removal Using Mango (Mangifera indica) Peel Activated Carbon Biosorbent with Varying Adsorbent Dosage, Contact Time, and Temperature
No full textIn local communities, limited access to piped water services leads to reliance on natural sources such as lakes and rivers. However, these sources are increasingly polluted by industrial effluents, agricultural runoff, and improper waste management, posing significant threats to ecosystems, public health, and community well-being. This study explores the utilization of Mango Peel Activated Carbon (MPAC), derived from ripe mango (Mangifera indica) peels, as a biosorbent for removing Iron (III) from aqueous solution, which underwent a sequence of physical and chemical activation processes. This examined key parameters such as A: adsorbent dosage (0.025–0.1 g/L), B: contact time (15–35 minutes), and C: temperature (25–35 °C), in order to assess its potential as a sustainable clean water solution. Optimization of experimental parameters and statistical analysis was conducted using the JMP Pro 18 Software, applying the Box-Behnken Design (BBD), under Response Surface Methodology (RSM), to identify the most effective conditions for iron removal. The highest observed percentage removal was 29.02%, with optimization predicting a maximum of 12.9% efficiency under conditions of 0.0625 g/L dosage, 25-minute contact time, and 30 °C temperature, with a desirability score of 0.489. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed the statistical significance of the model (p = 0.0083), identifying adsorbent dosage and its interaction with temperature as the most influential factors. These findings align with prior studies on activated carbon and other modified adsorbents, which similarly demonstrate enhanced adsorption capacities at increased adsorbent dosages, extended contact times, and elevated temperatures
Mga imahen ng kababaihang pintor: Mga ideolohiyang politikal ng mga piling pinta nina Anita Magsaysay-Ho at Karen Ocampo Flores
No full textSa napakaraming bilang ng mahuhusay na pintor na babae, tanging sina Anita Magsaysay-Ho (1914-2012) at Karen Ocampo Flores (1966) mula sa magkaibang panahon ang lubos na nagmarka at nagpatunay bilang mga natatanging pintor. Ang parehong pintor ay may natatanging estilo, midyum, at materyales na ginamit sa kanilang pinta. Isa rin sila sa mga artist na may mahusay na konsepto sa kanilang pinta at higit sa lahat ay may malaking pagmamahal sa Pilipinas. Gamit ang Semyolohiya ni Roland Barthes, Apat na Antas ng Pagsusuri ni Alice Guillermo, at Modipikadong Ideolohikal na Spectrum nina Hans Slomp na iminodipika ni Feorillo Demeterio, sinuri ang piling walong pinta ng dalawang pintor. Sa pamamagitan ng dalawang teoretikal na balangkas na ito, nabigyang-lalim ang pagpapakahulugan at nagkaroon ng komprehensibong pagtalakay sa mga pinta. Sa pagsusuri, nakitang nagpokus si Anita sa rural na pamumuhay ng kababaihan at romantisadong paglalarawan ng kanilang tradisyunal na papel. Habang, ang pinta naman ni Karen Ocampo Flores ay tila nagsilbing instrumento para sa panlipunang pagbabago kung saan ipinakita ang tunay na sitwasyon ng babae buhat sa impluwensya ng kolonyal at patriyarkal na sistema. Mula naman sa walong ideolohiyang politikal, nangibabaw sa pinta ni Anita ang pagiging konserbatibo at liberal habang radikal at moderado (Slomp, Demeterio) naman ang kay Karen Flores. Gayunpaman, pareho naman ang dalawang pintor na may pagpapahalaga sa indibidwal kaysa sa estado dahil sa kanilang mga pintang nagpapakita ng iba’t ibang tagpo sa buhay ng isang kababaihan. Ang nasuring pagkakaiba sa politikal na ideolohiya ay nagpapatunay sa kapangyarihan ng sining na ito ay hindi lamang bilang salamin ng lipunan kundi bilang aktibong tagalikha ng kamalayang panlipunan kung saan ang mga pintor ay hindi lamang nagpapahayag ng kanilang ideolohiya kundi nagiging mga tagatakda rin ng diskurso na humuhubog sa pananaw at kilos ng mga Pilipino, maging ito man ay para sa pagpapanatili o pagbabago ng umiiral na estruktura ng kapangyarihan sa lipunang Pilipino.
Susing-salita: Apat na Antas ng Pagsusuri, babaeng pintor, Ideolohikal na Ispektrum, ideolohiyang politikal, pinta, semyolohiy
Filipino Parentification on the Eldest Child Enrolled as a Senior High School at De La Salle University - Dasmariñas High School: An Exploration of its Effects on Interpersonal Relationships with Friends
No full textThis study examined Filipino parentification among eldest children enrolled as senior high school students at De La Salle University - Dasmariñas, focusing on its impact on friendships. Grounded in Role Theory and Attachment Theory, it explored how premature parental responsibilities shape social interactions using a qualitative phenomenological approach with semi-structured interviews. Findings indicate that eldest children often assume caregiving, emotional support, and decision-making roles, fostering maturity and resilience, but also leading to trust issues, emotional distancing, and difficulties in maintaining friendships. Avoidant individuals tend to adopt parental roles within friend groups, while those with anxious attachment seek nurturing relationships akin to a ‘youngest’ sibling dynamic. Cultural expectations—such as ‘utang na loob’, birth order responsibilities, and prioritization of family over self—intensify these effects, shaping participants’ externalized self-worth and relational struggles. Parentification also influences perspectives on family-building, with some reluctant to establish their own families due to childhood stress, while others express interest in parenthood under stable conditions. Given the minimal research on Filipino parentification, this study highlights the importance of expanding scholarly resources, exploring its impact on various life domains, and investigating its correlation with gender and family dynamics. To address these challenges, educational institutions should establish awareness programs, psychosocial interventions, and peer support groups to assist parentified students in maintaining emotional well-being and healthy relationships. By broadening the scope of research and institutional support, the study aims to deepen understanding and provide practical solutions for individuals experiencing Filipino parentification
Impact of International Trade Competitiveness on Unemployment and Poverty Reduction in ECOWAS Region
No full textThis study investigates the impact of trade competitiveness on unemployment and poverty in the ECOWAS region. The study relied on POLS, FE, and RE techniques to analyze the impact of export value and trade openness on unemployment and poverty in the ECOWAS region from 2001 to 2020. Annual time series data were sourced from World Bank and World Integrated Trade Solution databases. Major findings from this study show that unemployment responds strongly and favorably to export value and trade openness, whereas poverty responds favorably to trade openness. Further investigation revealed that trade regulatory environment is a determinant of unemployment and poverty in the ECOWAS region. This paper concludes that international trade competitiveness is a key determinant of unemployment and poverty reduction in the ECOWAS region and recommends in favor of an effective harmonization of trade regulations amongst ECOWAS member countries to eliminate policy-distorting tendencies, thereby allowing maximization of the impact of trade competitiveness in reducing unemployment and poverty in the ECOWAS region