14809 research outputs found
Sort by
Uncorrected Myopia Affects the Visual Resolution of OFF Pathways More Than ON Pathways
No full text"Introduction: The balance between ON- and OFF-pathway responses is believed to play a significant role in the progression of myopia in children [1, 2]. In a recent study, we found that uncorrected myopic children exhibited poorer visual acuity—approximately 1.5 logMAR lines—when identifying dark optotype stimuli (primarily processed by the OFF-pathway) compared to light stimuli (processed by the ON-pathway). In this study, we examine whether this asymmetry between light and dark stimuli is associated with the severity of myopia.
Methods: Cycloplegic refractive error was used to calculate the spherical equivalent (SEQ). Based on SEQ, children aged 8 to 12 years were divided into two groups: a myopic group (−0.75D to −6.00D, N=11) and a non-myopic control group (−0.38D to +1.25D, N=15). Corrected and uncorrected right eye visual acuity (VA) was assessed using E-ETDRS charts with either light or dark optotypes presented at full contrast (on dark or light backgrounds, respectively) in randomized order, repeated twice with a 30-minute interval. Light-dark asymmetry was quantified using the ON-OFF VA ratio.
Results: The myopic group demonstrated significantly greater light-dark asymmetry compared to the control group (1.15 ± 0.08 vs. 1.00 ± 0.02, p < 0.001), indicating that uncorrected myopic eyes experience increased difficulty in resolving dark optotypes relative to light ones. Furthermore, a modest yet statistically significant correlation was observed between spherical equivalent (SEQ) and the ON-OFF visual acuity ratio (r = 0.38; t = −2.4, p = 0.02), suggesting that this asymmetry becomes more pronounced with increasing severity of myopia.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that uncorrected myopic eyes have more difficulty perceiving dark compared to light stimuli, and that this ON-OFF pathway imbalance is associated with the degree of myopia. Further research is warranted to explore the potential of light-dark asymmetry as a biomarker for monitoring myopia progression in children."NASUNY College of OptometryM
What if? Story-hunting and jumping time with Clara
Get PDFNASUNY College at New PaltzEnglishMABlackburn, Kathlee
The evolution of play: reimagining toys as tools for creative work
Get PDFNASUNY College at New PaltzDigital Design and FabricationMANelson, AaronBridgewater, Cha
This is where I heal my hurts: MFA Thesis - Painting & Drawing
No full textNASUNY College at New PaltzPainting and DrawingMFAGoodell, Kath
Mechanism of Mitochondria-Induced Muscle Atrophy During Aging
Get PDFMitochondrial dysfunction is strongly associated with aging-related degenerative diseases including muscle atrophy. However, whether bioenergetic defects are the sole drivers of mitochondria-induced muscle atrophy remains unknown. The Chen lab discovered that various forms of mitochondrial damage can disrupt protein import, leading to the toxic accumulation of unimported mitochondrial precursors in the cytosol. This causes a stress termed mitochondrial Precursor Over-accumulation Stress (mPOS). A mouse model of mPOS was developed in which the mitochondrial inner membrane protein, ANT1, was overexpressed to saturate the protein import machinery. Ant1Tg/+ mice were found to have a severe muscle wasting phenotype. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to investigate the mechanism by which mPOS drives muscle wasting and its implications for normative muscle aging. The findings presented in this thesis led to three conclusions.
First, we identified a novel mitochondria-to-lysosomal proteostatic axis through which mPOS induces lysosomal damage. Lysosomal damage subsequently causes the release proteolytic enzymes, which leads to excessive protein degradation and subsequent progressive muscle atrophy. Importantly, we found that this pathway operates independently of mitochondrial respiratory complex activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Second, we demonstrated the presence of mPOS in physiologically aged muscle. Sarcopenic muscle exhibited phenotypes similar to those found in Ant1Tg/+ mice, evidenced by overlapping transcriptional and proteomic profiles, and lysosomal damage. These findings indicate that mitochondria-induced changes to autophagic activity may play a central role in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. However, considering the overall protein content of muscle is elevated during aging, we propose that reduced protein quality, rather than absolute protein content, drives sarcopenia. We therefore termed this phenomenon Muscle Atrophy Independent of Protein Content (MAIPC).
Finally, we explored additional cellular factors that affect proteostasis and muscle mass maintenance. We found that the GCN2 kinase, a well-established activator of the Integrated Stress Response (ISR), plays a role in protecting myofibers from mPOS-induced stress and muscle wasting in Ant1Tg/+ muscle. Interestingly, we found that this effect is ISR-independent.
The data presented in this dissertation provide valuable insights into the mechanistic role of mitochondrial dysfunction in both normative aging and chronic muscle wasting conditions. Our findings conclude that mitochondria-induced muscle atrophy is induced by mechanisms that extend beyond bioenergetic defects. By characterizing these alternative pathways, this work opens new avenues for therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial stress in chronic muscle wasting conditions.NAUpstate Medical UniversityBiochemistry & Molecular BiologyPhDChen, Xin Ji
Using Interactive Activities to Support the Learning of Factoring Quadratic Equations in Algebra I
Get PDFTeaching and learning how to factor quadratics in Algebra I classes can be challenging. This curriculum project presents four lessons including interactive activities to address this challenge. When students are able to interact with each other and the content through activities, they build a stronger conceptual understanding of factoring. The four lessons include defining factors and zeros, factoring using greatest common factor (GCF), factoring trinomials, and difference of perfect squares. Ready to print materials are included with instructions for teacher application. Answer keys are for all lessons are included in the appendix.SUNY BrockportDepartment of Education and Human Developmen
Engaging in Conceptual Understanding of Limits in Secondary Calculus
Get PDFThis curriculum project includes conceptual understanding support for teaching limits in high school calculus. The non-sequential lessons focus on polynomial expansion and division, and composite functions as they apply to understanding limits. The definition of the derivative is presented conceptually. These are presented through guided notes, partner practice, and homework. Keys for each of the lessons can be found in the Appendix.SUNY BrockportDepartment of Education and Human Developmen
Improvement of Adolescent Mental Health Services Policy
Get PDFThis policy proposal addresses the critical shortage of accessible mental health services for students in New York State’s public schools by mandating the employment of licensed child therapists across all elementary, middle, and high school districts. In light of the mental health crisis exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the policy sets a student-to-therapist ratio of 90:1, aiming to reach at least 20% of the student population, a figure that reflects both current needs and unmet demand. Districts may hire in-person therapists or utilize accredited teletherapy services. The policy includes provisions for state-funded grants and scholarships to support therapist employment and encourage entry into the field. Implementation will be monitored through anonymous annual student surveys and licensing data over seven years, assessing both mental health outcomes and workforce growth. This comprehensive strategy is designed to reduce barriers to care, improve adolescent mental health, and support a long-term infrastructure for equitable therapeutic access across the state’s school’s system.VoRSUNY BrockportHealt
Clinical Medical Assistant Fundamentals (HLTH 111) class syllabus
Get PDFThis course covers skills required to offer clinical hands-on support as a versatile employee able to multi-task in today's busy medical office setting. Topics include vital signs, EKGs, aseptic techniques, infection control, rooming patients, confidentiality, communication, professionalism, medical documentation, law and ethics of health care, point of care (POC) patient testing, introduction to medical office management, and insurance and billing basics.Job Linkage 2019-2020SUNY Tompkins Cortland Community Colleg