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Is body mass index a prognostic factor in metastatic her2-positive breast cancer? A real-world multicenter study
No full textBackground and Objectives: The prognostic significance of body mass index (BMI) in metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) remains unclear, with previous studies yielding conflicting results. This multicenter real-world study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of BMI in this patient population. Materials and Methods: A total of 169 female patients with metastatic HER2-positive BC who received trastuzumab-based treatment between 2010 and 2024 were included. Patients were categorized by BMI (= 30 kg/m(2)). The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed overall and in subgroups stratified by hormone receptor (HR) status. Results: In the overall cohort, a BMI >= 30 was not significantly associated with OS or PFS. However, in the HR-positive/HER2-positive subgroup, BMI >= 30 kg/m(2) was linked to significantly shorter OS (p = 0.024) and PFS (p = 0.047) by Kaplan-Meier analysis. However, these associations did not remain statistically significant in multivariate analyses. No significant BMI-related differences were observed in the HR-negative subgroup. Other independent negative prognostic factors included recurrent disease, the presence of brain metastases, and a high Ki-67 index. Conclusions: BMI was not identified as an independent prognostic factor in the overall population. However, among HR-positive/HER2-positive patients, obesity was associated with poorer survival in univariate analysis, but this was not confirmed in multivariate analysis. These findings underscore the need for prospective studies to clarify the prognostic role of adiposity, considering biological subtypes
A comparative analysis of the life cycle assessment of traditional and modern timber buildings.
No full textWood has long been used as a primary building material, but with the Industrial Revolution and the spread of multi-story structures, its structural limitations became evident. In the 21st century, engineered timber products have reintroduced wood as a sustainable alternative, offering advantages such as lightness, rapid assembly, and recyclability. At the same time, buildings are responsible for significant environmental impacts, making assessment methods essential. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the most widely used tools for evaluating these impacts across all stages of a building’s life cycle. This study applies LCA to timber construction systems, focusing on both traditional and contemporary approaches. Using the One Click LCA software, a comparative analysis was carried out for a residential building designed with three structural systems: traditional log construction, platform frame construction, and modern cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels. The evaluation covered the production, use, and end-of-life phases, considering four impact categories: global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, and ozone depletion. Findings show that the use phase, particularly energy consumption, accounts for the highest environmental impact. However, notable differences were observed in production and end-of-life stages: the log construction system had the lowest overall impacts, while CLT panels showed higher production impacts but offered durability and prefabrication benefits. By comparing these systems within the same LCA framework, the study contributes to the literature by highlighting their relative performance and providing guidance for sustainable timber construction
Digital citizenship education: An in-depth study of teaching practices and research insights
No full textThis study systematically reviews empirical research on digital citizenship (DC) education published between 2004 and 2024. DC, a multidimensional concept, encompasses the norms of appropriate and responsible behavior regarding technology use, promoting societal participation and transformative roles in digital spaces. Using PRISMA guidelines, 26 studies were analyzed to identify teaching practices, methodologies, participants, and assessment tools in DC education. Key findings reveal a growing emphasis on blended and technology-supported teaching strategies, with methods such as gamification, scenario-based learning, and collaborative approaches being widely adopted. The thematic analysis highlighted five main areas of focus: development of DC skills, effectiveness of digital learning environments, evaluation of DC education programs, challenges and solutions students encounter in the digital environment, and the roles of teachers and educators. A critical gap exists in aligning instructional design with the comprehensive teaching of all DC dimensions, underscoring the need for long-term, constructivist-driven educational interventions
PANoptosis: A coordinated response in the diversity of cell death
No full textThe recently introduced concept of PANoptosis describes a highly regulated mechanism involving the coordinated action of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. However, none of these three types of cell death can explain this concept alone. PANoptosis is mediated by a structure called the PANoptosome. PANoptosome components can be formed in different ways according to triggers and receptor interactions. Therefore, stimulators and regulators become central to understanding the mechanism of PANoptosis. In this review, the mechanism of PANoptosis was summarized in general, and PANoptosome regulators in the literature were discussed collectively. We aimed to contribute to the possible therapeutic approaches
Effects of colic massage and kangaroo care on infantile colic pain, crying and sleep duration: A randomized controlled trial
No full textObjective: This study aimed to determine the effect of colic massage and kangaroo care on infantile colic symptoms, crying, and sleep duration. Design and method: This study is a randomized controlled experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. The study was conducted with infants diagnosed with infantile colic and their mothers. The infants and mothers in the study consisted of a massage group, a kangaroo care group, and a control group. The study data were collected with the "Mother-Baby Information Form", "Crying and Sleep Recording Form", and the "Infantile Colic Scale ". Results: After the intervention, the median values of infantile colic difference score compared to pre-intervention were-14, -8, -1 in the massage, kangaroo care and control groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion and implications for practice: Infantile colic symptoms declined the most in the massage group and the least in the control group. Crying duration decreased the least in the control group and sleep duration increased the most in the massage group. It can be said that colic massage and kangaroo care for infantile colic comfort and calm the infants. However, applying colic massage reduces colic symptoms more. The study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov NCT06727760. (c) 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies
On the generalized elzaki transform and its applications to fractional differential equations
No full textIn this paper, we introduce a modified Elzaki transform and its generalization, namely the Elzaki transform, and its own convolution theorem is given. These generalization are given by composition with a monotonic increasing function & rhov; having a continuous derivative. A revised version of the Elzaki transform that is broader in scope and applicable over a wider range is developed, and some of its fundamental properties are given. This modified transform is performed to find solutions Using comparision graphs, one can determine the effectiveness of the solutions. This research opens up new avenues for future research and has the potential to make a significant impact on the field of mathematics and its applications
The relationship between road transportation ınvestments and economic growth: Econometric analysis on G8 countries
No full textBu makale, G8 ülkelerinde karayolu ulaştırma altyapı yatırımlarının iktisadi büyümeye olan etkisini araştırmaktadır. Karayolu ulaştırma altyapı yatırımları ile iktisadi büyüme arasında yapılan çalışmalarda açıklayıcı değişken olarak genellikle karayolu yol uzunluğu değişkeni kullanılırken bu çalışmada karayolu altyapı yatırım düzeyi açıklayıcı değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Karayolu ulaştırma yatırımları ile iktisadi büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi ampirik olarak analiz etmek için Ortalama Grup Dinamik En Küçük Kareler (DOLSMG) analiz yöntemi kullanılmaktadır. 1995-2022 yıllarını kapsayan çalışmada ortaya çıkan bulgular, G8 ülke grubu için uzun dönemde karayolu altyapı yatırımlarında meydana gelen bir birimlik artış iktisadi büyümeyi 0.18 birim arttırmaktadır. Ülke bazında ortaya çıkan sonuçlar ise farklılaşmıştır. Fransa, Kanada, Almanya, İngiletere ve Rusya’da karayolu altyapı yatırımları ile iktisadi büyüme arasında anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilemezken, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Japonya ve İtalya’da karayolu altyapı yatırımları ile iktisadi büyüme arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Uzun dönemde Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde karayolu altyapı yatırımlarında meydana gelen bir birimlik artış iktisadi büyümeyi 0.73 birim, Japonyada 0.91 birim İtalyada ise 0.16 birim arttıracağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.This article investigates the impact of road transport infrastructure investments on economic growth in G8 countries. While the road length variable is generally used as an explanatory variable in studies on the relationship between road transportation infrastructure investments and economic growth, the road infrastructure investment level was used as an explanatory variable in this study. The mean group dynamic least squares (DOLSMG) analysis method is used to empirically analyze the relationship between road transportation investments and economic growth. The findings of the study covering the years 1995-2022 show that a one-unit increase in road infrastructure investments in the long term for the G8 country group increases economic growth by 0.18 units. The results on a country basis differed. While no significant relationship was found between road infrastructure investments and economic growth in France, Canada, Germany, England and Russia, a significant relationship was found between road infrastructure investments and economic growth in the United States, Japan and Italy. It has been concluded that in the long term, a one-unit increase in road infrastructure investments in the United States will increase economic growth by 0.73 units, in Japan by 0.91 units and in Italy by 0.16 unit
Examination and comparative evaluation of the ne bis in idem principle in the context of tax criminal law with qualitative analysis method
No full textNe bis in idem ilkesi; bir kişinin işlediği bir fiilinden dolayı yalnızca bir kez yargılanması ve bir kez cezalandırılması olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu ilke tek bir fiil ile birden fazla vergi kabahati veya vergi suçu işleyen mükelleflerin iki defa yargılanması ve cezalandırılmasını önleyerek onlara önemli bir güvence sağlamaktadır. Ne bis in idem ilkesi, Türk vergi ceza hukukunda olduğu gibi uluslararası hukukta da dikkate alınan önemli bir ilkedir. Bu nedenle, tezde vergi ceza hukukunda ne bis in idem ilkesi incelenmiş ve karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Tezin amacı; vergi ceza hukuku alanında ortaya çıkan uyuşmazlıklarda ne bis in idem ilkesini Türk içtihatları ve AİHM kararları çerçevesinde incelemek, bunlarda ilkenin okunmasını ve yorumlanmasını nitel analiz yaparak karşılaştırılmalı olarak değerlendirmektir. Tezde, literatür taramasının yanı sıra nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İncelenen kararlar, AİHM-HUDOC’un resmi web sayfası ile LEXPERA veri tabanından alınmış ve tam sayım yöntemi uygulanarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda AİHM’ye ait 17, AYM’ye ait 4, Danıştay’a ait 48 ve Yargıtay’a ait 8 olmak üzere toplam 77 mahkeme kararı MAXQDA 24 Analytics Pro yazılımı ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda; Türk içtihatlarında vergi kabahatleri ve vergi suçlarına verilen cezaların ayrı nitelikte olduğu ve ne bis in idem ilkesinin ihlali sayılmadığı tespit edilirken, AİHM kararlarında tek bir fiile verilen cezalar ile ilgili yargılamada mükerrerlik olması durumunda ne bis in idem ilkesinin ihlal edildiğine karar verildiği tespit edilmiştir.The principle of ne bis in idem; It can be defined as a person being tried only once and punished once for an act they have committed. This principle provides an important assurance to taxpayers who commit more than one tax misdemeanor or tax crime with a single act, preventing them from being tried and punished twice. The principle of ne bis in idem is an important principle that is taken into account in international law as well as in Turkish tax criminal law. Therefore, in the thesis, the principle of ne bis in idem in tax criminal law is examined and evaluated comparatively. The aim of the thesis; to examine the principle of ne bis in idem in disputes arising in the field of tax criminal law within the framework of Turkish case law and ECtHR decisions, and to evaluate the reading and interpretation of the principle comparatively by making qualitative analysis. In addition to the literature review, content analysis method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in the thesis. The reviewed decisions were taken from the official website of the ECtHR-HUDOC and the LEXPERA database and were determined by applying the full counting method. In this context, a total of 77 court decisions, 17 of which belong to the ECtHR, 4 of the Constitutional Court, 48 of the Council of State and 8 of the Court of Cassation, were analyzed with MAXQDA 24 Analytics Pro software. As a result of the study; In Turkish jurisprudence, it has been determined that the penalties given for tax misdemeanors and tax crimes are of a separate nature and are not considered a violation of the principle of ne bis in idem, while in the decisions of the ECtHR, it has been determined that the principle of ne bis in idem is violated in case of duplication in the proceedings regarding the penalties given to a single act
Investigation of the effects of solution heat treatment (sht) on microstructure, phase transformation, and corrosion properties of AlSi10Mg alloy produced by LPBF
No full textPurpose This study aims to apply solution heat treatment (SHT) to AlSi10Mg material produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique at lower temperatures and times instead of the conventional T6 heat treatment (540 degrees C/2 h). Design/methodology/approach The effects of these heat treatments on the microstructure, phase transformation and corrosion properties of the material were investigated. Optical microscope, Smartzoom5 device (with Zen Core 3.5 program), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam SEM (FIB-SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis techniques were used to examine the microstructural properties, and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) techniques were used to determine the phase analysis. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were used for corrosion measurements. Findings The results were compared with conventional T6 heat treatments, revealing that the developed alternative dissolution heat treatments showed better corrosion resistance than the traditional T6 heat treatment. Originality/value This study presents a new alternative to the traditional T6 heat treatment with SHT, which is performed over a long time and temperature, and a new alternative to heat treatment at a shorter time and temperature. These findings are of significant industrial importance because AlSi10Mg alloys are used in critical areas today