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Molecular descriptors of a generalized Kneser-type bipartite graph
No full textThis research paper focuses on the computation and analysis of molecular descriptors or topological indices for a generalised Kneser-type bipartite graph called bipartite Kneser B type-k graph denoted by HB (n, k). Topological indices are formulae that are obtained from graph connectivity patterns and are used to summarise and compress the data that is included in those patterns. In this study, we systematically compute several well-known degree based topological indices of HB (n, k). We employ combinatorial methods and graph-theoretic techniques to derive explicit formulas and recursive relations for these indices. These results provide insights into the structural properties of this graph
Improving the Cognitive Flexibility (CF) of adolescent students through differentiated instructions in Indonesia
No full textStudents are expected to be adequately prepared to respond to technological advancements and complex global challenges. In this context, cognitive flexibility plays a crucial role in facilitating the development of appropriate alternative strategies. Previous research has identified several relevant learning activities aimed at enhancing cognitive flexibility. In the context of differentiated instruction, cognitive flexibility is further elaborated through consideration of the individual uniqueness of students, the learning situation, and the environment, making this concept particularly relevant to the educational setting in Indonesia. Consequently, this study aimed to enhance the cognitive flexibility of adolescent students through differentiated instruction training. A total of 70 adolescent students participated in a one-group pretest-posttest experimental design using convenience sampling. The participants completed an informed consent form and engaged in training activities for approximately 4 weeks. The findings indicated that 66% of participants showed an increase in cognitive flexibility attitudes following the learning intervention. Furthermore, inferential statistical analysis revealed significant differences between pretest and posttest results. The differentiated instruction training proved effective in improving cognitive flexibility attitudes. This research has implications for the development of effective learning models and provides recommendations for the enhancement of skills among adolescent students, not only within the context of Indonesia but also for potential implementation in different cultures and locations
Design of a novel and robust 2-dof pida controller based on enzyme action optimizer for ball position regulation in magnetic levitation systems
No full textMagnetic levitation (maglev) systems are characterized by strong nonlinearities and inherent open-loop instability, making precise position regulation of levitating bodies exceptionally challenging. These systems are highly sensitive to model uncertainties, parameter variations, and external disturbances. This demands advanced control strategies beyond conventional PID techniques. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel two-degree-of-freedom proportional-integral-derivative-acceleration (2-DOF PIDA) controller, specifically designed to stabilize and regulate ball position in magnetic levitation systems. The controller's structure is augmented with acceleration feedback and reference input weighting, enabling decoupled tuning for transient and steady-state performance and ensuring enhanced damping, disturbance rejection, and tracking accuracy. A core innovation of this work is integration of the controller with the enzyme action optimizer (EAO)-a recently developed bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm that emulates adaptive catalytic behavior observed in enzymatic reactions. The EAO algorithm balances global exploration and local exploitation to efficiently optimize the 2-DOF PIDA controller parameters, minimizing the integral of absolute error (IAE) as the objective function. This optimization framework is evaluated against two recent metaheuristics: the horned lizard optimization algorithm (HLOA) and the sea-horse optimizer (SHO), using extensive time-domain simulations. Quantitative results confirm the superior performance of the proposed method, achieving 0% overshoot, a rise time of 0.0121 s, and a settling time of 0.0365 s the optimal response speed and stability among all tested algorithms. Additionally, robustness is rigorously validated under multiple scenarios of parameter perturbations, including variations in resistance and inductance, simulating real-world effects such as component aging and thermal drift. The EAO-tuned controller consistently maintains superior regulation and stability across all test cases, exhibiting high resilience to system uncertainties. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparative analysis involving 12 state-of-the-art control strategies, including PID, FOPID, and RPIDD2 variants optimized via diverse evolutionary algorithms, confirms the proposed controller's dominance across all critical performance indices, including IAE, rise time, settling time, and overshoot. These findings underscore the effectiveness of combining 2-DOF control architectures with bio-inspired optimization algorithms for real-time implementation in nonlinear, unstable systems. Overall, the proposed EAO-optimized 2-DOF PIDA controller offers a computationally efficient, auto-tunable, and robust solution for high-precision maglev control
Urine BDNF, NGF, NT-3, NT-4 levels in children with enuresis nocturnia
No full textEnürezis çocuklarda sık görülen bir şikâyet olup nöropsikiyatrik gelişimi etkileyebilir. Primer monosemptomatik (MNE) ve nonmonosemptomatik (NMNE) olmak üzere iki alt tipe ayrılır. NMNE, alt üriner sistem disfonksiyonu açısından araştırma gerektirir. MNE’de uyku bozuklukları, düşük mesane kapasitesi ve gece vazopressin düzeyleri rol oynarken, gecikmiş nöronal olgunlaşmanın da etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, MNE ve NMNE tanılı çocuklarda idrar sinir büyüme faktörü (NGF) ve nörotrofinler [BDNF, NT-3, NT-4] düzeyleri incelenerek ayırıcı biyo-belirteç olup olmadığı değerlendirildi. Çalışmaya 28 MNE, 27 NMNE tanılı hasta ve 26 sağlıklı çocuk dâhil edildi. Tanılar Uluslararası Çocuk Kontinans Birliği kriterlerine göre belirlendi, biyokimyasal analizler ELISA yöntemiyle yapıldı. Üroflowmetrik analizde NMNE hastalarının fonksiyonel mesane kapasitesi (FMK), MNE hastalarına göre daha düşük bulundu (p=0,009). İdrar BDNF düzeyleri MNE hastalarında sağlıklı çocuklara göre yüksek (p=0,017), NGF düzeyleri ise her iki hasta grubunda kontrol grubuna göre düşük bulundu (p=0,009 ve p=0,002). NT-3 düzeyleri NMNE hastalarında kontrole göre düşükken (p=0,01), NT-4 düzeylerinde anlamlı fark yoktu. Sonuç olarak, MNE hastalarında BDNF artışı algısal afferent aktivitenin göstergesi olabilirken, NGF ve NT-3’ün kompansatuar olarak azaldığı düşünüldü. Ancak NGF, BDNF, NT-3 ve NT-4 seviyeleri, MNE ve NMNE ayırımında kullanılabilecek güvenilir biyo-belirteçler değildir.Enuresis is a common complaint in children and may affect neuropsychiatric development. It is classified into two subtypes: primary monosymptomatic (MNE) and non-monosymptomatic (NMNE). NMNE requires further evaluation for lower urinary tract dysfunction. While sleep disorders, reduced bladder capacity, and nocturnal vasopressin levels are implicated in MNE, delayed neuronal maturation is also considered a contributing factor. This study aimed to assess urinary nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin levels [BDNF, NT-3, NT-4] in children with MNE and NMNE to determine their potential as differential biomarkers. A total of 28 MNE, 27 NMNE, and 26 healthy children were included. Diagnoses were based on the International Children's Continence Society criteria, and biochemical analyses were performed using ELISA. Uroflowmetric analysis revealed that functional bladder capacity (FBC) was lower in NMNE patients than in MNE patients (p=0.009). Urinary BDNF levels were higher in MNE patients compared to healthy controls (p=0.017), whereas NGF levels were lower in both patient groups than in controls (p=0.009 and p=0.002, respectively). NT-3 levels were significantly lower in NMNE patients compared to controls (p=0.01), while NT-4 levels showed no significant difference between groups. In conclusion, elevated urinary BDNF levels in MNE patients may reflect abnormal afferent sensory activity, while decreased NGF and NT-3 levels might indicate a compensatory response to bladder overactivity. However, NGF, BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4 levels are not reliable biomarkers for distinguishing between MNE and NMNE
A novel hybridization of birds of prey-based optimization with differential evolution mutation and crossover for chaotic dynamics identification
No full textParameter identification of chaotic systems such as Lorenz, Chen, and R & ouml;ssler has long been recognized as a challenging inverse problem, since even slight perturbations in system coefficients can yield qualitatively different trajectories. Conventional time-domain error formulations are often ill-conditioned under these conditions, which has motivated the design of more robust objective functions and the adoption of metaheuristic optimization strategies. In this study, a hybrid birds of prey-based optimization with differential evolution (h-BPBODE) is introduced to address these challenges. The method enriches the four canonical behavioral phases of BPBO (individual hunting, group hunting, attacking the weakest, and relocation) by embedding DE mutation and crossover operators after each candidate update. This design injects recombinative diversity while retaining BPBO's adaptive and collective search mechanisms, thereby improving the balance between exploration and exploitation. The algorithm is validated on Lorenz, Chen, and R & ouml;ssler systems, where the task is to recover unknown parameters by minimizing trajectory mismatches between true and simulated models. Comparative simulations against standard BPBO, starfish optimization, hippopotamus optimization, particle swarm optimization (PSO), and DE confirm that h-BPBODE consistently achieves exact parameter recovery with negligible residuals, faster convergence, and markedly lower run-to-run variance. Statistical analyses, convergence traces, and parameter evolution curves further demonstrate its robustness and precision. These findings establish h-BPBODE as a reliable and efficient framework for chaotic system identification and suggest its potential for broader nonlinear estimation tasks
Exploring The Effect of Binge Drinking Using Drinking-in-the-Dark During Early vs. Late Adolescence in Female Rats
No full textNeuroscienc
A peacekeeper a day keeps the doctor away? The positive impact of peacekeeping on local-level public health
No full textCan peacekeeping improve public health in post-conflict regions? Supporting health care is not a directly mandated task for peacekeepers. I posit that peacekeeping should nonetheless expand health care access and availability through three main pathways. First, peacekeepers facilitate infrastructure (re)building, increasing available health care resources and enabling access to them. Second, expanding perceived security encourages civilians to travel to access care, which medical professionals are more likely available to provide. Third, peacekeepers directly address urgent health needs by supporting humanitarian aid delivery and conducting short-term health-related projects. I pair geocoded data on peacekeeping deployments with survey data on health care access and infrastructure from more than a million households in 32 African states between 1992 and 2022 to evaluate peacekeepers' impact. I find extremely robust support for the role of peacekeepers in supporting public health. Across multiple metrics, including proximity to clean water, treatment coverage for common yet potentially deadly conditions, vaccination access and maternal care, local peacekeeping deployments consistently correlate with substantially expanded health care access. These findings add a vital dimension to our understanding of how peacekeeping supports positive peace and long-term societal well-being in the wake of armed conflict.Published versio
From Tip to Take Off: The impact of team travel on Over/Under and Point Spread Betting in the NCAA Tournament
No full textBusines
Upon the Backs of Others: Investigating Slavery and Labor in Crawford County
No full textPublic HumanitiesStudio Ar