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The effects of organic fertilizer applications on the nutrient elements content of eggplant seeds
No full textThis research was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of using organic fertilizers in improving the organic seed production process and increasing the seed quality needed in organic agriculture production. The experiment was established with organic fertilizers (farmyard manure-FYM, leonardite-L, vermicompost-VC) and the eggplant plant 'Pala-49' variety and conducted for two years. As a result of the study, vegetative growth height varied between 52.65 and 68.06 cm, plant diameter width ranged from 51.85 to 61.20 cm, fruit height ranged from 14.67 to 21.90 cm, and fruit diameter varied between 4.73 and 6.73 cm. These differences were observed among farmyard manure (FYM), leonardite (L), and vermicompost (VC) organic fertilizer applications. In general, it was determined that the first year gave better results. In terms of parameters, the best result in all parameters was obtained from farmyard manure (FYM) organic fertilizer application. In addition, the nutrient element contents of the seed samples were found to be statistically significant. Organic applications significantly increased the nutrient element content of the seed samples according to the control. The nitrogen content varied between 0.242% and 0.271%, and the phosphorus content ranged between 0.274% and 0.456%. The highest K content was determined in farmyard manure (FYM) application in both years (0.272% and 0.309%). In contrast, Fe, Zn, and Mn contents were 35.1 mg kg-1, 63.7 mg kg-1, and 200.7 mg kg-1 in vermicompost (VC) application in the second year, respectively. The effect of the treatments on soil available nutrient content was also found to be significant. The amount of soil available for plant nutrients was higher in the second year
Fiscal policy and employment relationship: The case of Türkiye
No full textGünümüzde tüm ülkeler açısından istihdam düzeyinin artırılması veya işsizliğin azaltılması, bireysel ve toplumsal açıdan birçok sosyoekonomik sorunun önlenmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Bireyi ve toplumu yakından ilgilendirmesi, ülkelerin refah seviyelerini belirlemesi ve ekonomilerin işleyişinde temel makroekonomik değişkenlerden biri olması gibi nedenlerle istihdam sorununun çözümünde, iktisat politikası araçları devreye girmektedir. Bunlar arasında maliye politikası kamu harcamaları, vergiler ve kamu borçlanması gibi mali araçlara sahip olması nedeniyle istihdam sorununu çözmede etkili olabilmektedir. Türkiye’de de istihdam konusu her ülkede olduğu gibi kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Çünkü 1980 sonrası küreselleşme ve teknolojideki gelişmelerin etkisi altındaki dünya ekonomisine entegre olan Türkiye ekonomisi, istihdam sorununu, 1990’lar ve 2000’li yıllarda yaşanan ekonomik krizlerde ve sonrasında daha fazla hissetmeye başlamıştır. Özellikle 2001 krizi ve sonrası dönemde işsizlikte meydan gelen artış kronik sorun haline gelmiştir. Türkiye ekonomisi az veya çok büyümeye devam etse de istihdam artışı büyümenin gerisinde kalmıştır. Bu durumun ortaya çıkmasında nüfus artışı, eğitim istihdam ilişkisinin tam kurulamaması, yatırımların yetersizliği, politik istikrarsızlık gibi faktörlerin etkisi olduğu gibi, uygulanan maliye politikalarının istihdam amaçlı olmamasının da önemli bir rolü vardır. Bu çalışma maliye politikası ile istihdam arasındaki ilişkiyi Türkiye örneği üzerinden incelemeyi amaçlamakta ve maliye politikası araçlarının istihdamı artırmaya yönelik etkilerinin olduğunu öne sürmektedir. Bu amaçla maliye politikası ile istihdam ilişkisinin belirlenmesinde zaman serisi ve VAR modeline dayalı etki tepki analizi ile varyans ayrıştırma hesaplamasından yararlanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, ilgili literatürle uyumlu bir biçimde maliye politikası göstergeleri açısından özellikle kamu yatırım harcamalarının ve kısmen dış borçlanmanın işsizliği kısa vadede azaltıcı etkiler yarattığını göstermektedir. Cari harcamaların, kurumlar vergisinin, iç borçlanmanın ve kişisel gelir vergisinin etkileri sınırlı ve kısa vadeli kalmakta; transfer harcamalarının ise işsizlik üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmamaktadır.Nowadays, increasing the level of employment or reducing unemployment for all countries contributes to the prevention of many individual and social socioeconomic problems. Economic policy instruments come into play in the solution of the employment problem for reasons such as being closely related to the individual and society, determining the welfare levels of countries and being one of the basic macroeconomic variables in the functioning of economies. Among these, fiscal policy can be effective in solving the employment problem since it has fiscal instruments such as public expenditures, taxes and public borrowing. In Turkey, as in every country, the issue of employment has a critical importance. Because the Turkish economy, which has been integrated into the world economy under the influence of globalisation and technological developments after 1980, started to feel the employment problem more during and after the economic crises in the 1990s and 2000s. Especially during and after the 2001 crisis, the increase in unemployment has become a chronic problem. Although the Turkish economy continues to grow more or less, employment growth has lagged behind growth. In the emergence of this situation, factors such as population growth, inadequate education-employment relationship, insufficient investments, political instability, as well as the fact that the fiscal policies implemented are not employment-oriented have an important role. This study aims to examine the relationship between fiscal policy and employment using the example of Turkey and suggests that fiscal policy instruments have an impact on increasing employment. For this purpose, time series and VAR model based impulse response analysis and variance decomposition calculations are utilised to determine the relationship between fiscal policy and employment. The findings, consistent with the relevant literature, show that fiscal policy indicators, particularly public investment expenditure and, to a lesser extent, external borrowing, have short-term effects in reducing unemployment. The effects of current expenditure, corporation tax, domestic borrowing and personal income tax are limited and short-term; transfer expenditure has no statistically significant effect on unemployment
Synergistic protease-lipase treatment for enhanced blood stain removal from textiles: Process optimization and efficacy evaluation
No full textThis study investigates the synergistic effects of protease and lipase, produced from strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, respectively, on blood stain removal from polyester and cotton fabrics. The effectiveness of enzyme - detergent combinations was evaluated using ΔE values as a quantitative measure of stain removal. Optimal culture conditions for enzyme production were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD), identifying key variables such as temperature, pH, agitation, inoculum volume, and incubation time. Under optimized conditions, the enzymatic activity of protease and lipase reached 925.5 U/ml and 20.5 U/ml, respectively, representing a 2.4-fold and 3.1-fold increase compared to unoptimized conditions (376 U/ml for protease and 6.6 U/ml for lipase). Under optimal destaining conditions (pH 7.0, enzyme concentration of 1 mg/ml, and temperature of 60 °C), the combination of detergent, protease, and lipase achieved the highest ΔE values (58.42 ± 0.5 for polyester and 6.60 ± 0.5 for cotton fabric), signifying enhanced stain removal efficacy. Synergy between enzymes and detergents was highlighted, where detergent improved enzyme access to stain components, resulting in markedly improved cleaning efficiency compared to treatments with either enzyme or detergent alone. This study emphasizes the efficacy of enzyme-assisted formulations for sustainable textile cleaning applications
Instructors' and students' perceptions of the integration of EU values into teaching and learning in higher education: A phenomenological study in the Netherlands, Türkiye, Greece, Czechia, and Italy
No full textThe purpose of this study is to explore how university instructors and students in five European countries (The Netherlands, T & uuml;rkiye, Greece, Czechia, and Italy) perceive the incorporation of European Union (EU) values into higher education. To achieve this, a phenomenological research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured group interviews with 42 participants, comprising 20 instructors and 22 undergraduate students from various disciplines. While the findings revealed a shared understanding of fundamental EU values including democracy, human rights, equality, freedom, human dignity, and rule of law, they also demonstrated considerable challenges regarding their effective integration into educational practices. The main barriers identified include insufficient educational materials and training opportunities, a lack of coordination in exchange programs, a lack of time, and financial limitations. This study highlights that more structured and systematic strategies are needed to successfully integrate these values in university curricula. The implications of this research underscore the need for universities to enhance their support mechanisms, foster inclusivity, and develop innovative pedagogical approaches to overcoming these challenges and fully integrating EU values into higher education.European Union (EU) European Commission Joint Research Centre 2023-1-NL01-KA220-HED-00015733
An examination of urban quality of life from the perspective of ındustrial migration: The case of Huzur Neighborhood in İnegöl, Bursa
No full text1950’li yıllardan sonra Türkiye’de sanayileşmenin artması, sanayi tesislerinin sunduğu iş imkanları, insanları şehirlerde yaşamaya teşvik etmiş; bu da kent nüfusunun hızla artmasına neden olmuştur. Plansız ve kontrolsüz gerçekleşen bu göç hareketi, çarpık kentleşme sorununu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Özellikle kent çeperlerinde altyapıdan yoksun, plansız yapılar olan gecekondular hızla yayılmış; bu da barınma, ulaşım, çevre kirliliği ve sosyal eşitsizlik gibi pek çok kentsel sorunu beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye içerisinde sanayi faaliyetlerinin yoğun olarak gerçekleştiği bölgelerden biri olan Bursa’nın İnegöl İlçesinde yer alan Huzur Mahallesi’ndeki kentsel yaşam kalitesini değerlendirmek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın temel amacı, hızlı kentleşme, göç ve sanayileşme gibi unsurların mahalle ölçeğinde günlük yaşam pratiklerini ve güvenlik algısını nasıl etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmada hem nicel hem de nitel veri toplama yöntemlerinden faydalanılmış olup; anket çalışması, derin görüşmeler, saha araştırması ve görsel analiz teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular, Huzur Mahallesi’nde konut memnuniyeti, aidiyet ve sosyal ilişkiler gibi faktörlerin bireylerin kendini güvende hissetme düzeylerini olumlu etkilediğini, ancak altyapı eksiklikleri, çevresel temizlik ve sosyal hizmet yetersizliklerinin kentsel yaşam kalitesini olumsuz yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Katılımcıların çoğu evlerinin mekânsal organizasyonunu olumlu değerlendirmekte ve bu durum, konutun planlama ve inşa sürecinde bireylerin doğrudan rol almış olmasıyla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Ayrıca mahallede en çok dile getirilen sorunlar arasında yetersiz donatılar, yeşil alan eksikliği ve kirli çevre ön plana çıkmaktadır. Çalışma, kentsel yaşam kalitesinin yalnızca fiziksel çevre bağlamında değil, bireylerin sosyal ilişkileri, aidiyet hissi ve kamusal hizmetlere erişimiyle de şekillendiğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, Huzur Mahallesi örneği üzerinden, kent planlamasında yaşam kalitesi ve güvenlik algısı gibi kavramların bütüncül olarak değerlendirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.After the 1950s, growing industrialization in Turkey and the job opportunities offered by industrial facilities encouraged migration from rural areas to cities, causing a rapid increase in urban populations. This unplanned and uncontrolled migration led to distorted urbanization. Informal settlements lacking infrastructure, particularly on the urban fringes, spread quickly and triggered problems such as housing shortages, transportation issues, environmental pollution, and social inequality. This study evaluates the quality of urban life in Huzur Neighbourhood, located in the İnegöl District of Bursa, an area with intense industrial activity. The research aims to explore how rapid urbanisation, migration, and industrialisation affect daily life practices and perceptions of safety at the neighbourhood scale. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used, including surveys, in-depth interviews, field research, and visual analysis. Findings show that housing satisfaction, social relations, and a sense of belonging positively influence residents’ feelings of safety. However, problems such as poor infrastructure, lack of cleanliness, and inadequate social services reduce overall urban life quality. Most participants expressed satisfaction with the spatial organization of their homes, linked to their direct involvement in the construction process. Common concerns include insufficient public amenities, lack of green spaces, and environmental degradation. The study concludes that urban life quality is shaped not only by the physical environment but also by social ties, belonging, and access to services. The Huzur Neighbourhood case highlights the importance of a holistic approach to urban planning that considers both quality of life and safety perceptions
Edgeai-powered hybrid esn-gru model for high-accuracy and efficient short-term load forecasting in smart grids
No full textWith the widespread use of renewable energy sources (RES) in the smart grid, the next generation power system, short-term load forecasting (STLF) is of critical importance in grid stability and energy optimization. Traditional STLF models include issues such as high computational cost, dependency on cloud infrastructure, and latency issues, which are undesirable for real-time energy management. To solve these issues, the EdgeAI paradigm, which combines edge computing and artificial intelligence (AI), can be a promising solution. EdgeAI reduces the dependency on cloud-based systems by processing data close to the data source, offering advantages such as low latency and low bandwidth. Thus, it increases the response speed by processing data in real time, making it suitable for STLF applications. In order to benefit from all these advantages, the EdgeAI-driven Hybrid Echo State Network and Gated Recurrent Unit (ESN-GRU) model is introduced for real-time and efficient STLF in this paper. ESN-GRU combines the fast training capabilities of ESN and sequential learning capabilities of GRU, and offers the advantages of high prediction performance and low latency inference in STLF. Experimental results show that the proposed model improves the R2 score by 2.5% and significantly reduces the MAPE value from 129 to 0.101 compared to existing models. Benchmark results in edge environment prove that ESN-GRU provides up to 79% and 92% faster inference compared to state-of-the-art methods
Bleaching terry fabric in supercritical carbon dioxide medium: A sustainable solution
No full textThe textile industry consumes substantial amounts of chemicals, water, and energy, particularly in finishing processes. As sustainability gains increasing importance in the sector, cleaner production approaches are being adopted to develop technologies that minimize the use of these resources. One such innovation is supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) technology. In this study, the bleaching of terry fabric was performed in a supercritical CO2 medium under specific temperature, time, and pressure conditions. The whiteness index was optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design. Optimal bleaching conditions were determined to be 83 degrees C, 10% H2O2, 12 MPa, and a processing time of 20 min. Under these conditions, effective bleaching of 100% cotton terry fabric was achieved using only hydrogen peroxide in the scCO(2) medium.Post-bleaching evaluations included tensile strength, pile loop strength, softness assessment, color measurements, and fastness tests. Mechanical tests revealed a reduction in fabric strength following scCO(2) bleaching. Additionally, SEM and FTIR analyses were conducted on the treated samples to investigate morphological and chemical changes. Subsequent dyeing trials demonstrated comparable colorimetric and fastness properties to conventionally treated fabrics
Differences between tnm 8th and tnm 9th staging in predicting mortality in newly diagnosed lung cancer patients staging by ebus
No full textAdoption of Enterprise Resource Planning System in IFRS conversion: Evidence from Türkiye
No full textThe purpose of this study is to determine the primary factors that influence the decision to implement an ERP system in the IFRS conversion in Borsa Istanbul or largest 500 Turkish industrial firms. We propose a modified version of the technology, organization and environment model. The data obtained from 324 participants was analyzed using the SmartPLS program. The results demonstrate that coordination improvements, relative advantage, compatibility and top management support have a positive and significant impact on the adoption of ERP systems in IFRS conversion, while complexity has a negative and significant impact
Multiparametric spinal mri for differentiating benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures
No full textObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the efficacy of multiparametric spinal MRI, utilizing conventional techniques, dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, and diffusion MRI, in distinguishing between benign and malignant vertebral compression fractures.Material and methodsThis retrospective study included 42 consecutive patients who underwent biopsy and pre-biopsy multiparametric spinal MRI. Patients under 18 or with non-diagnostic imaging were excluded. Images were evaluated blinded by two radiologists. Quantitative DWI and DCE-MRI parameters were analyzed using the Tofts model. Statistical tests included ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U, chi-square, and ROC analysis.ResultsA total of 50 vertebral fractures from 42 patients (18 men, 24 women; mean age 55.3 +/- 3.3 years; range 31-82) were included in the study. Among these lesions, 23 were classified as malignant and 27 as benign based on histopathological analysis. A statistically significant difference was found between benign and malignant groups in terms of in perfusion MR curve type, volume transfer constant (Ktrans), flux rate constant (Kep), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parameters (p = 0.000-0.02). In the ROC analysis, the highest sensitivity and specificity values were 73.9% and 77.8% for Ktrans, 88% and 77.8% for Kep, and 63% and 87% for ADC in distinguishing between benign and malignant vertebral compression fracture. In the multiparametric evaluation made according to ADC, Ktrans, and Kep cut-off values, the highest sensitivity and specificity values were 91.30% and 96.29%, respectively.ConclusionCombining the information of quantitative ADC, Kep, and Ktrans analysis, multiparametric spinal MRI can differentiate benign from malignant compression fracture with high diagnostic accuracy. In this way, the need for invasive procedures to be performed only for diagnostic purposes can be reduced.ZielsetzungZiel dieser Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit der multiparametrischen Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) der Wirbels & auml;ule unter Verwendung konventioneller Techniken, der dynamischen kontrastverst & auml;rkten MRT und der Diffusions-MRT bei der Unterscheidung zwischen gutartigen und b & ouml;sartigen Wirbelkompressionsfrakturen zu bewerten.Material und MethodenDiese retrospektive Studie umfasste 42 konsekutive Patienten, bei denen eine Biopsie und eine multiparametrische Wirbels & auml;ulen-MRT vor der Biopsie durchgef & uuml;hrt wurden. Patienten unter 18 Jahren oder mit nichtdiagnostischer Bildgebung wurden ausgeschlossen. Die Bilder wurden von zwei Radiologen verblindet ausgewertet. Die quantitativen diffusionsgewichteten (DWI) und dynamischen kontrastverst & auml;rkten (DCE) MRT-Parameter wurden anhand des Tofts-Modells analysiert. Die statistischen Auswertungen umfassten ANOVA, Mann-Whitney-U-Test, Chi-Quadrat-Test und ROC(Receiver Operating Characteristic)-Analyse.ErgebnisseInsgesamt wurden 50 Wirbelfrakturen von 42 Patienten (18 M & auml;nner, 24 Frauen; Durchschnittsalter: 55,3 +/- 3,3 Jahre; Spanne: 31-82) in die Studie aufgenommen. Von diesen L & auml;sionen wurden 23 aufgrund der histopathologischen Analyse als b & ouml;sartig und 27 als gutartig eingestuft. Es wurde ein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied zwischen benignen und malignen Gruppen in Bezug auf den Perfusions-MR-Kurventyp, die Volumentransferkonstante (Ktrans), die Flussratenkonstante (Kep) und den scheinbaren Diffusionskoeffizienten (,,apparent diffusion coefficient", ADC) festgestellt (p = 0,000-0,02). In der ROC-Analyse betrugen die h & ouml;chsten Sensitivit & auml;ts- und Spezifit & auml;tswerte 73,9% und 77,8% f & uuml;r Ktrans, 88% und 77,8% f & uuml;r Kep und 63% und 87% f & uuml;r ADC bei der Unterscheidung zwischen gutartiger und b & ouml;sartiger Wirbelkompressionsfraktur. In der multiparametrischen Auswertung nach ADC-, Ktrans- und Kep-Cut-off-Werten lagen die h & ouml;chsten Sensitivit & auml;ts- und Spezifit & auml;tswerte bei 91,30% bzw. 96,29%.SchlussfolgerungDurch die Kombination der Informationen der quantitativen ADC-, Kep- und Ktrans-Analyse kann die multiparametrische Wirbels & auml;ulen-MRT gutartige von b & ouml;sartigen Kompressionsfrakturen mit hoher diagnostischer Genauigkeit unterscheiden. Auf diese Weise kann der Bedarf an invasiven Verfahren, die nur zu diagnostischen Zwecken durchgef & uuml;hrt werden, reduziert werden