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An updated definition of global health
No full textThe most cited definition of global health, published in The Lancet in 2009, defines global health as "an area for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving equity in health for all people worldwide". In this article, we propose an updated definition that expresses the motivations of diverse global health actors and makes One Health and sustainability more visible: "Global health is a field of academic study, research, policy, and applied practice that advances the equitable protection and improvement of population and planetary health". Our "5 Ps model" illustrates global health as a grid that places health for all at the center of two axes representing four domains: (1) People, (2) Planet, (3) Priorities, and (4) Policies and Practices. The people-planet axis spans from social, economic, political, and other systems that affect human health to complex worldwide challenges such as those related to globalization, migration, pandemics, and climate change. The priorities-policies/practices axis positions global health as an action-oriented field in which factors such as human rights, international law, the global burden of disease, and evidence of economic impact inform the financing, implementation, and evaluation of multisectoral partnerships and interventions. We propose using this updated definition and the 5 Ps framework to modernize discussions of the scope and purpose of global health.Published versio
Comparative Vertebrate and Human Anatomy: Ecology, Evolution, and Function
No full textThis book provides an ecology- and function-oriented approach to understanding the evolution of vertebrate structure. The text has a modular format, such that each module can be used as a stand-alone instructional tool, or grouped together as a comprehensive textbook, making the text versatile for use in courses with diverse structures. The text also includes human-specific modules for each anatomical system, as many small, liberal arts colleges teach comparative and human anatomy in a single course. Detailed, human-specific modules may be added or removed, as needed for individual courses, depending on the scope and learning objectives of the class.Published versio
Drawing our nature: Comics and environmental psychology
No full textThis graphic essay explores the intersection between comics and environmental psychology. Reviewing previous scholarship, we first turn to the thematic and structural resonances between these two spheres. Among the former, sometimes called the ‘literal’ approach, is the insight that funny animals are an entrenched feature in many comics. The second or formal approach sees the comics medium itself as an ecosystem whose different parts (images and words) interdependently create a whole. We continue with three examples of how insights from environmental psychology resonate with the process of reading comics. The first example relates to the copresence of clashing voices in a comic, when text and image are in tension with each other, a situation akin to cognitive dissonance. The second aspect concerns sequence and its discontents. In comics, we take in different panels not just one after another but also simultaneously. This allows comics artists to complicate linear sequences, thereby mimicking the complex causality we see in environmental calamities and their solutions. Strategic gaps are the last example we discuss, again, a mechanism intrinsic to comics as an art form. Just like readers need to bridge the space between each panel and between each page, so do we have to bridge the gap between knowing and acting on environmental crises, between the now and the possible future. We close with a brief list of academic resources for interested readers.Published versio
Tolcapone’s potentially DEAD-ly influence: A stepwise synthesis and characterization of a Rok1p modulator
No full textBiochemistr
2025-10-16 Minutes: Administrative Advisory Committee
No full textAAC and SAC meeting with Julie G. Skattum 1985 (chair) and Thomas (Tom) John Sadvary 197
Fact from Fiction: The Divine Command Theory of Ontic Indeterminacy
No full textOne standard interpretation of quantum physics describes our world as manifesting ontological indeterminacy. In this paper, we argue that theists are well placed to account for this indeterminacy should that account of quantum physics win out over competing alternatives. We criticize the three most promising theories of ontic indeterminacy in how they account for quantum indeterminacy. We present another form of indeterminacy: the indeterminacy of fiction. We propose an often-underappreciated corollary of standard theism, namely, Theistic Dependence (TD). We contend that the theist, equipped with TD, can render quantum indeterminacy as comprehensible as the very tame indeterminacy in fiction. This, we argue, provides the theist with an advantage over the atheist.Published versio
Nanomaterial-based sensing systems to detect neuropharmaceutical compounds and neurotransmitters
No full textThis review explores the application of nanomaterial-based sensing systems for precisely detecting neuropharmaceutical compounds and neurotransmitters, delving into the connections between nanotechnology and neuropharmacology. Nanotechnology appears as a promising solution for many significant challenges posed by the complexities of the brain's biochemical nature. Using nanoscale materials, scientists have created novel sensors with high selectivity, sensitivity, and adaptability. Developing neuropharmaceutical compounds and monitoring their side effects on our neurological system raised the need for these nanomaterial-based sensors. In this review, we demonstrate the effectiveness of these technologies in real-time neuroactive compound detection and monitoring by illuminating the underlying principles through an examination of significant studies and recent developments. This review also highlights collaborative efforts at the intersection of nanotechnology and neuropharmacology and their direct and indirect effects on the understanding and controlling several neurological disorders. This review covers both sensors under research and those already applied in vivo or clinical monitoring of drug side effects.National Science Foundation (NSF)
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Frequency and pattern of skull base and vault fracture in isolated head trauma
No full textPurpose: In the literature, the number of studies on cases of injury due to isolated head trauma is limited. In addition, there are very few studies and publications on skull base and vault fractures in the forensic literature. This study aims to investigate the frequency and pattern of skull base and vault fractures in individuals exposed to isolated fatal and non-fatal head trauma. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional and descriptive study includes 1260 cases who were injured due to isolated head trauma during the 10-year period between Jan 1, 2010 and Nov 30, 2019. In cases of fatal head trauma, only cases in which isolated head injury was reported as the cause of death in the autopsy report were included. In cases of non-fatal head trauma, cases with life-threatening injuries in areas other than the head (such as chest, abdomen, and extremities), and cases without cranial CT images and reports on the Hospital Information Management System were excluded from the study. Our cases were divided into 2 groups: fatal head trauma (n = 783) and non-fatal head trauma (n = 477). All cases (n = 1260) were evaluated retrospectively in terms of age, gender, cause of trauma, skull base fracture, skull vault fracture, facial bone fracture, intracranial injury, and scalp injury. While examining the distribution of categorical variables, Chi-square tests were applied and the appropriate one was reported from Pearson Chi-square test, Yates Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and likelihood ratio test. The coefficients of the models, the odds ratio of the factors in the model, 95% confidence interval, Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics, and the correct classification rate were accorded. The statistical significance level in the study was accepted as p < 0.05. Results: Base fractures were observed in 87.5% of cases with fatal head trauma and in 32.3% of cases with non-fatal head trauma. Vault fracture was observed in 88.4% of cases with fatal head trauma and in 75.3% of cases with non-fatal head trauma. The middle fossa was more fractured than the anterior and posterior fossa. Anterior and middle fossa combined fracture and anterior, middle, and posterior fossa combined fracture were significantly higher in the fatal head trauma than in the non-fatal head trauma. Base fracture was strongly associated with death (odd ratio = 15.253, p < 0.001) and vault fracture did not have a statistically significant effect on death (odd ratio = 1.052, p = 0.805). While intracranial injury was found to be significantly higher in patients with base fractures (p < 0.001), no significant difference was found in patients with vault fractures (p = 0.229). Conclusion: In conclusion, it was observed that skull base fractures were frequently associated with especially fatal head traumas and this fracture was strongly associated with death. In the antemortem and postmortem examination of cases injured due to head trauma, skull base fracture should be investigated with high care. In cases with fractures, a detailed examination should be performed in terms of the size and type of the fracture and intracranial lesions that may be associated with the fracture
Molecular characterization of current field isolates of zoonotic parapoxviruses and their growth characteristics
No full textParapoxviruses (PPVs), including Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), and ORF virus (ORFV), are zoonotic pathogens affecting wild and domesticated ruminants. Between 2023 and 2024, erosive papules and ulcers on the lips, nose, and tongue of calves, as well as proliferative oral lesions in lambs, were reported in various Turkish regions. In two geographically distant beef herds, nodular hand lesions in animal handlers indicated zoonotic transmission. Suspected samples were confirmed by PCR using B2L genespecific primers. Three isolates representing BPSV, PCPV, and ORFV were sequenced and compared to global data. PCPV showed closest similarity to strains from Bangladesh and Finland, while BPSV was most similar to strains from China and Iran. Virus isolation was attempted on four cell lines: primary fetal lamb kidney (PLK), Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK), sheep fetal thymus (SFT-R), and African green monkey kidney (VERO). PLK cells showed 100 % isolation success for all three viruses. In serial passages, ORFV replicated best in PLK cells, consistently yielding the highest viral titers. This study provides molecular and phylogenetic characterization of currently circulating zoonotic PPVs in T & uuml;rkiye and compares their in vitro replication efficiency. PLK cells were identified as the most sensitive and productive system, particularly for ORFV, which is of interest due to its immunomodulatory potential