Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Eksperimen dan Keanekaragaman Hayati (J-BEKH)
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Inventory of Plant Species with Potential as Botanical Pesticide in Bowi Subur Village, Masni District, Manokwari Regency: Inventarisasi Jenis Tumbuhan Berpotensi sebagai Pestisida Nabati di Desa Bowi Subur, Kecamatan Masni, Kabupaten Manokwari
Full text linkUsing synthetic pesticides has polluted the environment, so efforts are needed to find alternative natural pesticides from plants. This study examines plant species with potential as botanical pesticides in Bowi Subur Village, Masni District, Manokwari Regency. The research method used is descriptive, with a sampling technique combining plot line transects, and it was conducted along 13 transects corresponding to the housing areas in Bowi Subur Village. The plants were documented, and relevant literature was reviewed. The inventory results identified 46 plant species from 25 families with pesticidal properties. Of these, 35 species are used for pest control, seven for disease management, and one for weed control. Additionally, three plant species were found to be effective for both pest and disease control. Most parts used for pesticide purposes are leaves, accounting for 19 plant species. We conclude that most species of plants used as natural pesticides are cultivated plants. Therefore, wild plants with potential for botanical pesticides are essential for further study their properties
Antibacterial Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Fiddlehead (Diplazium esculentum) Agains the Growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli Bacteria in Vitro: Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Pakis Sayur (Diplazium esculentum) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara in Vitro
Full text linkInfectious diseases are a significant public health issue in both developed and developing countries. Infectious diseases are caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, which cause high rates of morbidity and mortality. Treatment of infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria generally uses antibiotics, but the continuous use of antibiotics can have side effects such as the occurrence of antibiotic resistance. Diplazium esculentum is one of the medicinal plants that is often used to treat infectious diseases. The content of secondary metabolite compounds contained in D. esculentum includes saponins, steroids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, triterpenoids, phenols, flavones, and flavonoids. This study aims to determine the effect of bacteriostatic activity of ethanol extract of D. esculentum and its effective concentration in inhibiting the growth of pathogens S. aureus and E. coli. The study was conducted using a Randomised Complete Block Design (RAKL) with four concentrations of ethanol extract of vegetable fern, namely 20%, 33%, 43%, and 50%. As a positive control, the antibiotic chloramphenicol was used and the negative control used sterile distilled water. Data in the form of inhibition zone diameter formed from each treatment were analysed using Kruskal Wallis non-parametric test and continued with Mann Whitney Post Hoc test. The results of the study showed that the concentration of ethanol extract of D. esculentum showed bacteriostatic activity against S. aureus bacteria at concentrations of 43% and 50% with inhibition zones of 6.52 mm and 5.55 mm, as well as E. coli bacteria at concentrations of 43% and 50% with inhibition zones of 5.11 mm and 4.37 mm, but was not effective in inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria
Bioconversion of Edamame Soybean Waste Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae on Substrate Consumption and Waste Reduction Index: Biokonversi Limbah Kedelai Edamame Menggunakan Larva Black Soldier Fly Terhadap Konsumsi Substrat dan Indeks Reduksi Limbah
Full text linkThis study aimed to measure substrate consumption and waste reduction index of edamame soybean using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae as a bioconversion agent. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments: unfermented edamame soybean waste (F0), fermented for 7 days (F7), and fermented for 14 days (F14). The observed bioconversions included substrate consumption and waste reduction index (WRI). Data analysis used analysis of variance with a confidence level of 5%. The results showed that waste fermentation significantly affected substrate consumption and waste reduction index. The highest average substrate consumption was obtained in treatment F14 (57.96±7.37), followed by F7 (41.61±6.73) and F0 (28.51±4.97). Likewise, with the waste reduction index, the F14 treatment showed the highest reduction (2.37±0.61), followed by F7 (3.46±0.56) and F0 (4.83±0.41). This shows that the longer the fermentation, the higher the substrate consumption and the effectiveness of waste reduction by BSF larvae
Diversity of Shrimp Species Based on Fishermen's Catches in the Coastal Area of Pematang Cengal Village, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra: Keanekaragaman Jenis Udang Berdasarkan Hasil Tangkapan Nelayan Kawasan Pesisir Desa Pematang Cengal, Langkat, Sumatera Utara
Full text linkThe This study aims to determine the diversity, morphology, and morphometric studies of shrimp caught by fishermen in the coastal area of Pematang Cengal Village, Tanjung Pura, North Sumatra. The study was conducted on June 9-12, 2025, using a quantitative descriptive method. Sampling was carried out through interviews with fishermen and direct observation of the catch. The results of the study found 10 species of shrimp consisting of 3 families (Penaeidae, Palaemonidae, and Squillidae) from 2 orders (Decapoda and Stomatopoda). The shrimp species found were Penaeus merguiensis, Penaeus monodon, Palaemonid shrimps, Harpiosquilla raphidea, Parapenaeopsis sculptilis, Penaeus indicus, Metapenaeus affinis, Litopanaeus vannamei, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and Metapeneus brevicornis. Morphometric measurements showed different variations between shrimp species. Based on total length, the size of shrimp caught in the Pematang Cengal Village Coastal Area is relatively stable and falls into the medium-sized category. This research provides important information regarding shrimp species diversity in the Pematang Cengal Village coastal area and can serve as a starting point for shrimp resource conservation in the area
The Potency of Organic Fertilizer in Reducing Leaf Curl Disease on Chili (Capsicum annuum L.): Potensi Pupuk Organik Dalam Mengurangi Penyakit Keriting Daun Pada Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.)
Full text linkChili is an essential commodity in Indonesia, with demand continuing to rise; however, its production is often disrupted by leaf curl disease caused by viruses. One potential solution is using organic fertilizer enriched with beneficial microbes such as Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPM). Despite its potential, the role of PGPM in controlling viral diseases in chili plants has been rarely studied. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of organic fertilizer in reducing leaf curl infections by improving plant health. Two chili cultivars were used: 'Gama LBF' (a breeding product of PIAT UGM) and 'Ponirun' (a commercial variety known for its disease resistance). The chili plants were treated with various concentrations of organic fertilizer, and their effectiveness was evaluated based on disease incidence (the number of symptomatic plants) and disease severity (the level of visual symptoms), which were then converted into an index. Results showed that the 75% concentration yielded the lowest disease incidence in both cultivars—26.5% for 'Ponirun' and 42.85% for 'Gama LBF'. The lowest disease severity was also observed at the 75% concentration for 'Ponirun' and 50% for 'Gama LBF'. These findings highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate organic fertilizer concentration to suppress leaf curl disease in chili effectively
Macrobenthic Community Structure as a Bioindicator of Environmental Quality at Pier 1, Kota Agung: Struktur Komunitas Makrobenthos sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Lingkungan di Dermaga 1, Kota Agung
Full text linkThis study aims to assess the water quality of Pier 1 Kota Agung using macrobenthic community structures as biological indicators. Coastal areas such as Kota Agung Pier are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic pressures due to port operations, shipping activities, and surrounding land use. These pressures can subtly alter water quality and benthic community structure over time. A descriptive quantitative approach was applied across three observation stations representing the aquatic conditions surrounding the pier. Macrobenthos samples were collected using a Macrobenthic sample, which was carried out using a 10-inch core sampler and a 10mm mesh, for physical and chemical parameters. The identified macrobenthic organisms belonged to the classes Gastropoda, Oligochaeta, and Malacostraca, showing moderate diversity (H’ = 1.337–1.567), high evenness (E = 0.84–0.98), and low dominance (D = 0.24–0.37). The Family Biotic Index (FBI) values ranged from 3.81 to 3.86, indicating good water quality with low levels of organic pollution. Physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, water clarity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were within the standard quality thresholds. The study reveals that the environmental conditions at Pier 1 Kota Agung are relatively good, as indicated by balanced macrobenthic community structures and supportive physicochemical parameters
Botanical, Pharmacognosy, and Phytochemical Studies of Sintrong Leaves (Crassocephalum crepidioides) Growing in Tanjung Setia Village, West Coast, Lampung: Kajian Botani, Farmakognosi, dan Fitokimia Daun Sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidioides) yang Tumbuh di Desa Tanjung Setia Pesisir Barat Lampung
Full text linkCrassochepalum crepidioides plant has antibacterial and anti-wound properties. This study aims to determine the botanical profile, microscopic powder, phytochemical screening, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). This study aims to determine the morphology of leaves, stems, roots, microscopic powder, phytochemical screening, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of C. crepidioides leaves from Tanjung Setia Village West Coast Lampung, Indonesia. Methods include morphological examination, microscopic powder, phytochemical screening, and TLC. The results of the botanical show oval-shaped leaves, pointed tips, pinnate veins, serrated edges, smooth leaf surface, soft wood stems, and tap roots. Microscopic observation found fragments of stomata. Positive phytochemical screening of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. TLC test spot with five spots (red) and an average Rf value of 0.21-0.97. Concludes that the thin layer chromatography test is thought to produce flavonoid spots at an Rf value of 0.72-0.77
Effect of Juice Berry Fruit (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.) on Total Cholesterol Levels in Mice (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758) with Hypercholesterolemia: Pemberian Jus Buah Buni (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng) terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total pada Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus Linnaeus, 1758) Hiperkolesterolemia
Full text linkHypercholesterolemia is influenced by excessive fat consumption. To lower blood cholesterol levels, both drug and non-drug therapy can be carried out. One plant that has the potential to lower cholesterol levels is the buni plant (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng.). This study aims to determine the effect of buni fruit juice and the most effective juice concentration in lowering total cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic male mice. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 5 groups, each repeated 5 times. The experimental animals were given a High Fat Diet (MDTL) containing propylthiouracil (PTU) at a dose of 1.8 mg/200g BW suspended in 2% Pure Grain Alcohol (PGA) and 10 mL/KgBW of quail egg yolk. The treatments consisted of a negative control (standard feed); a positive control (MDTL and 0.52 mg simvastatin); P1 (MDTL and 1 ml of 20% buni fruit juice); P2 (MDTL and 1 ml of 25% berry juice); and P3 (MDTL and 1 ml of 30% berry juice). Treatments P1, P2, and P3 were administered MDTL for 14 days, followed by berry juice for another 14 days. The results were total blood cholesterol levels. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan's test at a confidence level of α = 5%. The results showed that administration of 30% berry juice reduced total cholesterol levels in male mice with hypercholesterolemia
Exploration and Identification of Gliocladium sp as Biological Agent from the Rhizosphere of Tomato : Eksplorasi dan Identifikasi Jamur Gliocladium sp sebagai Agens Hayati dari Rhizosfer Tanaman Tomat
Full text linkOne of the roles of microorganisms is as a biological agent. This study aims to explore and identify the biological agent of the fungus Gliocladium sp. found in the rhizosphere of tomato plants. Exploration was done by taking samples of tomato plant root soil in five locations using a diagonal plot. Rhizosphere microorganisms were isolated using the multilevel dilution and spread on PDA media added with chloramphenicol. Fungal isolates were identified macroscopically and microscopically. The results of exploring fungal biological agents in the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants revealed four genera of fungal isolates, namely Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Paecilomyces, and Gliocladium. Based on the identification results, the fungal isolate Gliocladium sp. has a blackish-green colony color with a circular colony. In contrast, microscopically, it has the morphological characteristics of upright conidiophores, growing straight, and branching
Daily Behavior of Javan Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) Ragunan Wildlife Park: Implications for Reintroduction and Welfare Assesment: Perilaku Harian Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch) di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan: Implikasi terhadap Reintroduksi dan Kesejahteraan Satwa di Konservasi Ex-Situ
Full text linkThe Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) is a primate endemic to Java that has been classified as endangered by the IUCN since 2015. Conservation efforts are carried out through breeding and ex-situ conservation. This study aims to analyze the daily behavior patterns of Javan gibbons at Ragunan Wildlife Park and assess their relationship with animal management, including cage conditions, feed, and enrichment as a basis for recommendations to improve animal welfare. The study was conducted on two male and female individuals using the scan sampling method, focusing on feeding, resting, moving, and social activities. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative-descriptive methods. The results showed that the dominant activity was movement (≥20%), followed by resting (15%), feeding (≥6%), and socializing (≥3%). Activity increased in the afternoon between 2:50 p.m. and 3:00 p.m. This pattern differs from the behavior of gibbons in their natural habitat, which has the potential to reduce their natural abilities and hinder the success of their release. This study provides important empirical data on the behavioral adaptation of Javan gibbons in captivity, which has rarely been studied in the context of ex-situ conservation in Indonesia