Jurnal Konstitusi
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The Role of Dissenting Opinions in Constitutional Court Judgements: Perspectives of Judges and Legal Interpretation: Peran Dissenting Opinion dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi: Perspektif Hakim dan Penafsiran Hukum
Full text linkThe dissenting opinion of Constitutional Court judges in conducting judicial reviews of laws against the 1945 Constitution represents the freedom of Constitutional Court judges. These dissenting opinions are essentially aimed at seeking legal truth. This research addresses two main issues: First, the legal politics behind the occurrence of dissenting opinions by Constitutional Court judges in reviewing laws against the 1945 Constitution. Second, the methods of legal interpretation used by Constitutional Court judges in reviewing laws against the 1945 Constitution. This study uses normative legal methods, with statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings of this research are as follows: First, the provisions of Article 24, paragraphs (1) and (2) of the 1945 Constitution provide the constitutional basis for the dissenting opinions of Constitutional Court judges in reviewing laws against the 1945 Constitution. Second, Constitutional Court judges are not restricted nor bound by any single method of legal interpretation. The use of legal interpretation methods by Constitutional Court judges in reviewing laws against the 1945 Constitution is their prerogative, as, in principle, the use of such methods is aimed at seeking legal truth.Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai kekuasaan kehakiman memiliki kewenangan yang bebas dalam melakukan yudisial review UU terhadap UUD 1945. Kebebasan yang dimiliki MK menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya disseting opinion hakim konstitusi dalam rangka mencari kebenaran hukum. Penelitian ini untuk menjawab dua permasalahan yaitu: Pertama, politik hukum terjadinya disseting opinion hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menguji UU terhadap UUD 1945. Kedua, metode interpretasi hukum dalam menguji UU terhadap UUD 1945 yang digunakan oleh hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif, dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Jawaban terhadap permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: Pertama, Ketentuan Pasal 24 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) UUD 1945 sebagai dasar konstitusionalitas menjadi intrumen utama terjadinya dissiting opinion hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menguji UU terhadap UUD 1945. Kedua, hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi tidak terikat dan diikat oleh salah satu metode penafsiran hukum yang ada. Penggunaan metode interpretasi hukum oleh hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi dalam menguji UU terhadap UUD 1945 menjadi hak hakim konstitusi untuk menggunakan, karena pada prinsipnya penggunaan metode intepretasi hukum itu digunakan dalam rangka mencari kebenaran hukum
Public Participation in Law-Making Process: A Comparative Perspective of 5 (Five) Democratic Countries: Partisipasi Publik dalam Pembentukan Undang-Undang: Perspektif Perbandingan 5 (Lima) Negara Demokratis
Full text linkPublic participation is the heart of the legislative process. Participation is crucial to ensure that the laws produced genuinely reflect the needs and aspirations of society, as well as to embody democracy and strengthen legitimacy. Through a normative juridical approach, the research aims to compare public participation in law-making in five democratic countries, namely Indonesia, the United States, the Philippines, South Africa, and South Korea, by analyzing their Constitutions and laws and regulations. The findings can then be used as best practices that can be adopted by Indonesia. The results of the study show that the Constitutions of the United States, the Philippines, South Africa, and South Korea guarantee public participation in the legislative process. In contrast, the Indonesian Constitution only affirms People’s Sovereignty. However, normatively, Indonesia regulates the role of the public more comprehensively and technically in the law-making process at every stage, further reinforced by the Constitutional Court Decision No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020, which mandates that the role of the public be more meaningful in law-making, as participation is a constitutional right held by citizens.Demokrasi dan partisipasi publik adalah dua hal yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dalam dunia modern dan terbuka saat ini, negara yang menganut paham demokrasi memiliki kewajiban untuk mengakomodir publik agar ikut serta dalam penyelenggaraan pemerintahan di berbagai bidang salah satunya pembentukan undang-undang. Namun permasalahan di Indonesia menunjukan gejala bahwa partisipasi publik dalam pembentukan undang-undang hanya formalitas, sebagian besar masukan publik tidak dipertimbangkan atau diakomoidir. Melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif, penelitian bertujuan untuk membandingkan partisipasi publik di lima negara demokratis yaitu Indonesia, Amerika Serikat, Filipina, Afrika Selatan, Korea Selatan, dan Indonesia dengan mengkaji Konstitusi dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang kemudian dijadikan best practice yang dapat diadopsi khususnya oleh Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Indonesia lebih mengatur peran publik secara komprehensif dalam pembentukan undang-undang dalam setiap tahapan, ditambah dengan adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 yang memerintahkan agar peran publik lebih bermakna dalam pembentukan undang-undang, sebab sesungguhnya partisipasi adalah hak konstitusional yang dimiliki oleh warga negara
The Intersection of State Control and Decentralization in the Prospect of Renewable Energy Regulation in Indonesia: Irisan Penguasan Negara dan Desentralisasi dalam Prospek Pengaturan Energi Terbarukan di Indonesia
Full text linkEnergi terbarukan berbeda dengan energi konvensional karena sifat hijau serta persebaran dan potensi yang sangat besar pada daerah di Indonesia. Namun, saat ini belum terdapat regulasi terintegrasi terkait energi terbarukan karena masih menjadi Rancangan Undang-Undang (RUU) dalam Prolegnas tahun 2022. Penelitian ini akan memberikan pandangan terhadap beberapa undang-undang yang mengatur konsepsi kewenangan bagi pemerintah pusat dan daerah dalam pengelolaan energi terbarukan. Selanjutnya, akan dianalisis prospek pengaturan energi terbarukan dengan telaah penguasaan negara dan desentralisasi dengan mempertimbangkan potensi serta kesiapan daerah. Penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan metode penelitian kepustakaan. Sumber data dan bahan hukum yang diperoleh akan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Temuan dari penelitian ini, konsep penguasaan negara memiliki irisan dengan desentralisasi dalam pengelolaan sumber daya energi. Daerah di Indonesia memiliki potensi yang sangat besar namun bermasalah di kesiapan. Untuk itu perlu diundangkan RUU EBT sebagai dasar hukum untuk menunjang percepatan energi terbarukan di Indonesia. Dalamnya, lima fungsi penguasaan negara dijalankan berdasar desentralisasi secara ideal yang lebih cocok untuk pengembangan energi terbarukan.Renewable energy has great potential in Indonesia, but Indonesia does not have integrated regulations related to renewable energy considering that these regulations are still in the process of the 2022 Proleges Draft Law (RUU). This research aims to outline views on renewable energy through the concept of central and regional government authority in managing renewable energy and analyzing it through the prospects for state control and decentralization, in order to see the potential readiness of regions in Indonesia. This research was conducted using normative juridical research. The results of this research show that the concept of state control has an intersection with decentralization in the management of energy resources. Indonesia has enormous potential for renewable energy, but regions in Indonesia still have challenges regarding readiness. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the EBT Bill as a legal basis to support the acceleration of renewable energy in Indonesia and the importance of carrying out the five functions of state control based on decentralization ideally for the development of renewable energy
Judicial Activism: Between Protecting Constitutional Supremacy or Transitioning to Juristocracy: Judicial Activism: Diantara Melindungi Supremasi Konstitusional Atau Transisi Menuju Juristocracy
Full text linkThe Constitutional Court tends to choose to conduct judicial activism as a response to the inability of the law to realize the essence of substantive justice. This study aims to examine judicial activism in its position as a bulwark to protect the supremacy of the constitution or as a sign of the beginning of the transition to a juristocracy regime. The research method uses normative juridical research. The results showed that the Constitutional Court has the authority to test and even annul a law formed based on the will of the majority which is intended to ensure that the law formed based on the will of the majority does not ignore or limit the basic rights of individuals in their status as individuals or in their status as citizens. Judicial activism will provide protection for the supremacy of the constitution if it is carried out to expand the protection of the basic rights of vulnerable groups from actions or policies formed by the will of the majority. But on the other hand, judicial activism intersects with the vulnerability of the transition to juristocracy, which is characterized by increased court intervention to decide issues that are the domain of authority of other branches of state power.Mahkamah Konstitusi kerap kali dilibatkan sebagai forum untuk memutuskan permasalahan yang murni bersifat politis Persinggungan antara tingginya pertaruhan politik dan dilema moral substantif mengakibatkan diragukannya eksistensi nilai demokratis dalam proses judicial review. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh keterlibatan pengadilan dalam memutus isu-isu sensitif di luar batas kewenangannya terhadap marwah demokrasi. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitan yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuasaan kehakiman telah memainkan peranan penting dalam mempengaruhi perubahan suatu kebijakan dan reaksi politis yang lebih besar. Bahkan pengadilan yang dipercayakan menjalankan kekuasaan judicial review dituduh telah mengatasnamakan konstitusi untuk memajukan kepentingan elit tertentu. Hal tersebut tidak dapat dipahami secara terpisah dengan kepatuhan terhadap preferensi ideologi pribadi, pertimbangan kolegial, opini publik, dan pertimbangan strategis dalam menghadapi lembaga negara lainnya. Runtuhnya inti demokrasi dengan intervensi pengadilan yang berlebih menjadi akar bagi lahirnya rezim juristocracy yang akan menundukkan kekuatan demokrasi yang memiliki legitimasi elektoral
Constitutionality of the Execution of Fiduciary Guarantees within the Framework of Consumer Rights Protection: Konstitusionalitas Eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia dalam Kerangka Perlindungan Hak Konsumen
Full text linkThe arbitrariness of creditors in carrying out parate executions is very disturbing and causes material and immaterial losses for debtors, this is because there are inappropriate norms in a quo article in the form of the phrase that the strength of a fiduciary guarantee certificate is equal with a valid court decision. fixed law and the phrase breach of contract. This research aims to describe changes in the implementation of parate execution as regulated in Article 15 paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 of Law 42/1999 before and after the Constitutional Court Decision and the implications of the Constitutional Court decision for the current fiduciary concept. This research uses a type of normative juridical research. The research results show that Article 15 paragraphs 2 and 3 conflict with the 1945 Constitution, this is because the basic norms contained in this Article do not have a single interpretation so they can be misused by creditors against debtors. With the Constitutional Court’s decision regarding the material review of the a quo article, it provides a clear picture of the current fiduciary guarantee mechanism. In order to follow up on justice and equality between debtors and creditors, it is necessary for the government to play a role in regulating it more efficiently.This article is to find out how to apply Constitutional Court Decision No.18/PUU-XVII/2019 concerning Fiduciary to the protection of Consumer Rights. Collateral comes from the Dutch words zekerheid and cautie which means the debtor\u27s ability to repay the creditor. This is achieved when the debtor receives a loan or debt from a creditor and uses valuables as collateral to secure the loan or obligation. As stated in the Decree of the Directors of Bank Indonesia No. 23/69/KEP/DIR dated 28 February 1991 concerning Credit Guarantee, the word "guarantee" in Indonesian can mean guarantee. This article uses the Normative Juridical method relating to issues relating to the Mortgage and Lien Rights Law and the Final Decision of the Constitutional Court. In collecting information for this research, we looked at various sources, including primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials, related laws and regulations, as well as documents that use a normative juridical approach to examine Constitutional Court and Constitutional Court decisions. Mortgage and Lien Law
Transitional Perspectives on the New Criminal Law, Human Rights and Islamic Law on the Death Penalty: Perspektif Peralihan Hukum Pidana Baru, HAM dan Hukum Islam mengenai Hukuman Mati
Full text linkDalam Putusan PN No. 796/Pid.B/2022/PN Ferdy Sambo dijatuhi hukuman mati atas tindak pidana yang ia lakukan terhadap mendiang Brigadir Nofriansyah Yoshua Hutabarat, Ferdy Sambo terbukti melakukan pembunuhan berencana serta upaya obstruction of justice. Disisi lain, Hukuman mati masih terus menjadi perdebatan dikalangan pengamat HAM maupun umat beragama khususnya Islam. Penelitian ini akan menjawab bagaimana konstitusionalitas hukuman mati atas Ferdy Sambo ditinjau dari perspektif HAM maupun hukum Islam secara mendalam. Hasil dari penelitian ini mengatakan bahwa penjatuhan hukuman mati atas pelaku pidana Ferdy Sambo didasarkan pada hukum nasional yang berlaku di Indoensia yang meyakini HAM bisa saja dibatasi dalam kasus tertentu (extra ordinary crime), namun tetap tidak bisa dibenarkan secara HAM internasional. Sedangkan dalam Islam, penjatuhan pidana mati tersebut telah dianggap memenuhi syarat pelaksanaan qishas, kerena dalam kasus tersebut, keluarga korban memilih menuntut hukuman yang sama atas apa yang dialami korban dibanding memberikan maaf dengan atau tanpa diyat kepada pelaku.In PN Decision No. 796/Pid.B/2022/PN, Ferdy Sambo was sentenced to death for the crime he committed against the late Brigadier Nofriansyah Yoshua Hutabarat. On the other hand, the death penalty remains a topic of ongoing debate at international, national, and religious levels. Using a juridical-normative method, this study seeks to examine the position of Ferdy Sambo’s death sentence during the transitional period from the old Criminal Code to the new Criminal Code, and its impact on civil rights. The findings of this study indicate that both Ferdy Sambo’s initial death sentence and the appellate decision of life imprisonment were based on provisions of the old Criminal Code. Although the lex favor reo principle applies to individuals undergoing legal proceedings, it does not apply to final judgments. However, there remains a possibility of reducing Ferdy Sambo’s sentence by utilizing the provisions of the new Criminal Code through extraordinary legal remedies in the form of judicial review (Peninjauan Kembali or PK), which is not subject to any time limitations once the new Criminal Code has come into force
Protection of Human Rights in the Execution of Forced Attempts against State Administrative Court Decisions: Perlindungan HAM dalam Eksekusi Upaya Paksa Terhadap Putusan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara
Full text linkTujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui pentingnya perlindungan hak asasi manusia dalam pelaksanaan upaya paksa eksekusi putusan Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) dan Kendala Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Paksa Putusan PTUN dalam mewujudkan Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia. Sebagaimana diketahui, Penguatan eksekusi putusan pengadilan tata terus diperkuat melalui perubahan Undang-Undang tentang PTUN tahun 2005 dan terakhir 2009 melalui Upaya paksa serta pengenaan sanksi administratif terhadap tergugat yang dalam hal ini adalah pejabat pemerintahan yang tidak melaksanakan putusan pengadilan yang telah memperoleh kekuatan hukum tetap. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode Normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual dan dianalisis menggunakan Teknik deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Perlindungan hak asasi manusia merupakan hal yang penting dalam menyelesaikan pelaksanaan eksekusi paksa putusan PTUN agar eksekusi dapat memastikan keadilan bagi semua pihak yang terlibat sesuai dengan prinsip negara hukum yang berkeadilan dalam Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Selain itu, Kendala Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Paksa Putusan PTUN dalam mewujudkan Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia yaitu Kurangnya kerjasama atau permohonan upaya paksa dari pihak penggugat ke PTUN, kurangnya Kesadaran Pejabat, dan kurangnya aturan pelaksana. Pada akhirnya, penulisan ini menawarkan solusi perlunya payung hukum yang lengkap dan tidak bertentangan satu sama lainnya untuk pelaksanaan eksekusi, pelaksanaan penegakan hukum yang konsisten dan tegas, dan peningkatan efisiensi sistem birokrasi dan kapabilitas aparatur pemerintah. Implementasi dari solusi-solusi ini diharapkan dapat memperbaiki proses eksekusi putusan PTUN, menjadikannya lebih berkeadilan, serta berkontribusi positif pada penegakan hukum dan penghormatan terhadap hak asasi manusia di Indonesia.This research examines the importance of human rights protection in the enforcement of forced execution of decisions from the Administrative Court and the various obstacles encountered in its implementation. This study employs normative methods with a statutory and conceptual approach to analyze the existing issues. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive legal regulations regarding the execution of decisions, consistent law enforcement, and improved efficiency within the bureaucratic system. Furthermore, the research identifies the challenges faced, including the lack of cooperation from relevant parties, the low level of awareness among officials, and the absence of adequate implementing regulations. These findings highlight the importance of a just rule of law and the urgent need for a structured legal framework to ensure that forced execution is carried out fairly and effectively
Dynamics on Constitutional Court Decision towards Indonesia Citizenship Arrangement: Dinamika Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi terhadap Pengaturan Kewarganegaraan Indonesia
Full text linkThe 1945 Constitution amendment led into Indonesia state order transition that related also towards state fundamental aspects, including citizenship issue. Discourse has been raises on material and formal context on citizenship arrangement, and develops consideration according to Constitutional Court consent into several Constitutional Court Decisions. This article intention related on dynamics and problematic over citizenship arrangement after Indonesi reform, and Constitutional Court Decision consideration on citizenship issues to evaluate needs to reformulate citizenship arrangement. This article was arranged based on legal research with thesis on arrangement dynamics and Constitutional Court Decision relevance on citizenship supported with statutory laws, conceptual, legal facts, and legal cases approaches. The results reflected citizenship arrangement dynamics related material, formal, legal needs, era and human rights development comprehensively. The Constitutional Court Decision considers Indonesia citizenship into nationalities, maximum protection, full constitutional rights, and comitment to defending single citizenship stelsel into current statutory laws
Critical Review of the Constitutional Court’s Decision on the Presidential Threshold: Tinjauan Kritis Mengenai Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tentang Ambang Batas Pencalonan Presiden
Full text linkThis article aims to enrich the literature on the threshold for presidential candidacy in Indonesia by: Firstly, summarizing the main criticisms of its implementation; Secondly, refuting the arguments of the Constitutional Court regarding the threshold’s potential to increase political support for the elected President and reduce the number of political parties. This research employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing a literature study design and case studies involving the Constitutional Court’s decisions on the presidential candidacy threshold, along with previous studies on the relationship between political parties and the President. In general, we have found that the primary criticisms of setting the presidential candidacy threshold revolve around its potentially unconstitutional implementation and its contribution to political oligarchy. In practice, setting the presidential candidacy threshold is entirely unrelated to an increase in political support for the President and cannot reduce the number of political parties
Convergence of Constitutional Interpretation to the Test of Laws Through a Constitutional Dialogue Approach: Konvergensi Penafsiran Konstitusional Terhadap Pengujian Undang-Undang Melalui Pendekatan Constitutional Dialogue
Full text linkThe Constitutional Court\u27s presence yields positive impacts on constitutional law, yet isn\u27t devoid of controversies, including Judge misconduct, transgression of \u27nemo judex idoneus in propria causa\u27 principle, and potential super body transformation. This paper aims to comprehend and analyze constitutional interpretation dominance in assessing laws against the 1945 Constitution through a constitutional dialogue approach. This normative writing employs legal, historical, and conceptual methods. Findings underscore: 1) Demonstrating respect for state institutions, notably the People\u27s Consultative Assembly of Indonesia. 2) Establishing a more democratic system to test the 1945 Constitution\u27s compatibility in the Constitutional Court. 3) Breaking the monopoly of Constitutional Court-centric constitutional interpretation. 4) Reviving \u27nemo judex idoneus in propria causa\u27 principle is pivotal due to extensive testing of Constitutional Court Law, addressing concerns about verdict impartiality