Journal of Basic and Applied Research in Biomedicine
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Immune-nutritional indices in female Nigerian breast cancer patients with different tumour characteristics
Get PDFBreast cancer presents varied and complex clinicopathological features which make its management individualistic, prolonged and expensive, thus the need to differentiate each type of breast cancer using cheap and easy to perform investigations. This study evaluated the differentiation potential of extensive immune-nutritional indices which combined serum C-reactive protein (CRP), haemoglobin, albumin levels, blood lymphocyte and platelet counts in breast cancer patients of different status. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pre-treatment Onodera’s prognostic nutritional index (OPNI), CRP-Albumin-Lymphocyte (CALLY) index and the Haemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte and Platelet (HALP) scores differ with breast cancer characteristics. We enrolled a total of 135 consecutive newly diagnosed breast cancer patients who were not on any treatment from Radiation Oncology Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Lymphocyte count, platelet count and haemoglobin levels were determined using auto-analyser while serum CRP and albumin levels were measured using ELISA. Immune-nutritional indices (OPNI, CALLY and HALP) were calculated. Haemoglobin concentration, serum albumin level, OPNI, CALLY and HALP were significantly decreased while serum CRP was significantly raised in breast cancer patients compared with control. Mean values of OPNI, CALLY and HALP were significantly decreased in late stage breast cancer patients compared with early stage breast cancer patients, while only CALLY was significantly decreased in poorly differentiated and metastatic breast cancer patients compared with well differentiated and non-metastatic breast cancer patients respectively. This study confirmed the presence of malnutrition and inflammation in breast cancer patients, especially late-stage, poorly differentiated and metastatic groups. This calls for monitoring of liver functions in all cases of breast cancer
Investigation of the Possible Association Between Galectin and Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Patients: Galectin and Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Patients
No full textCancer is a type of disease that occurs as a result of the uncontrolled growth of cells, which has been very common in recent years, and some species have a poor prognosis. Galectin-3 is a multifunctional protein and is associated with the developmental process of tumors, including cell growth, adhesion, proliferation and metastasis. Galectin-3 has a broad effect on tumor development, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell adhesion, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Members of the BCLF-2 family are anti-apoptotic molecules required for the proteolytic degradation of the cell by caspases, which is the ultimate drive of programmed cell death, which plays a very important role in the regulation of the apoptotic pathway, ensures the integrity of the mitochondrial membrane and prevents the release of cytochrome C from the mitochondria. NF-kB, which is one of the important factors in cancer formation, is found in the cytoplasm, and there is a correlation between the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interlukin (IL)-1b, and IL-8, and the high incidence of cancer. There are two types of apoptotic caspases: initiator (apical) caspases and effector (executioner) caspases. Initiator caspases (e.g., caspase-2, -8, -9 and -10) cleave inactive pro-forms of effector caspases, thereby activating them. Effector caspases (e.g., caspase-3, -6, -7) in turn cleave other protein substrates within the cell resulting in the apoptotic process. At least fourteen caspases have so far been implicated in human apoptotic pathway cascade. Among these, caspase-3 is considered to be a major executioner protease in apoptosis. To examine this mechanism in more detail, we aimed to examine the difference between Galectin, BCLF-2, Kaspase3, Kaspas 8, Nfkb levels before and after treatment in operable gastric cancer patients with the Elisa test. In this study, We observed a statistical increase in Galectin, BCLF-2, Kaspase3, Kaspas 8, Nfkb levels when the control group was compared with the preoperative group. There was a statistically significant increase in Galectin, BCLF-2, Nfkb, Caspase3, Caspase 8 levels in the preoperative group compared to the control. There is a statistical increased in Galectin, BCLF-2, Kaspase3, Kaspas 8, Nfkb levels in the postoperative group compared to the control. Although there was no statistical difference in Galectin, BCLF-2, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, Nfkb levels between pre and postoperative groups, a significant decrease was observed in Galectin, BCLF-2, Nfkb levels. A very slight increase was observed in Caspase-3 and Caspase-8 levels. In conclusion, we think that Galectin-3 Bcl-2 and NF-kB may be markers for gastric cancer patients. We think that it is appropriate to conduct this study with more patient groups and a longer period
Synthesis and In Vitro Investigation of Insecticidal Activity of Some Tricyclic Quinazolines and Their Thioanalogues
Get PDFHydrochlorides of 2,3-trimethylene-3,4-dihydroquinazoline (deoxypeganine, 3) and 2,3-trimethylene-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-one (deoxyvasicinone, 4), 2,3-trimethylene-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-thione (deoxyvasicinthione, 5), 2,3-tetramethylene-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-thione (mackinazolinthione, 7), 2,3-pentamethylene-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-4-thione (9) were synthesized and their insecticidal activity have been studied. It was found that compounds 3 and 4 have low cytotoxicity, but increasing of quantity of methylene groups in positions 2 and 3 in the series of the thio-analogues 5→7→9 leads to the increasing of cytotoxic activity of them. “Structure-activity” relationship among the tricyclic quinazoline-4-thiones (5, 7, 9) was revealed. It should be noted that the compounds, consisting reactive thiocarbonyl group are important starting substances for further investigations. The obtained results shows that six-membered and seven-membered quinazolin-4-thiones - 7 and 9 in concentration 1 µg/ml are inhibited cell growth by 59% and 65%, respectively compared with the control, indicating that these compounds can serve as a basis for the development of the new insecticides. Structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by the physical methods of research.  
Analysis of Forage Quality of Grass Mixtures – Perennial Grasses with Subterranean Clover
Get PDFThe analysis of forage quality of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) (pure swards) and their mixtures with three subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) subspecies in the followed relations: grass + Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum (50:50%); grass + Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum (50:50%); grass + Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (50:50%); grass + Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum +Trifolium subterraneum ssp. yaninicum + Trifolium subterraneum ssp. subterraneum (25:25:25:25%) was performed. The field experiment was carried out at the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria (2011-2013). It was found that Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum in mixture with cocksfoot improves principal chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of forage biomass dry matter. The energy feeding value (Feed units for milk and Feed units for growth) was the highest for the mixtures of cocksfoot with Trifolium subterraneum ssp. brachycalicinum. The protein feeding value (Total digestible protein, PDIN, PDIE) significantly increased for all kind of cocksfoot – subterranean clover mixtures. Their forage quality was improved in comparison with the same mixtures of tall fescue. The principal chemical composition of forage obtained from cocksfoot – subterranean clover mixtures was more balanced - in vitro digestibility, net energy and protein feeding value were found be highe
Applicability of current soft tissue thickness tables in forensic anthropological facial reconstruction studies in turkey
Get PDFAs rapid changes and developments are achieved in the contemporary world, the phenomenon of “crime” is also developing. In response, forensic anthropology as a part of the multi-disciplanary forensic sciences, provide precious contributions to law enforcement. One of the most important contributions forensic anthropology provides to the identification researches is the “Facial Reconstruction”. The purpose of this study is to compare Kirman (Turkish), Lebedinskaya (Russian) and Lebedinskaya (Kazakh) Soft Tissue Thickness (STT) tables versus the STTs of a test group which is derived from the Turkish population, provide contribution in increasing the accuracy of facial reconstruction practices, and test the applicability three STT tables on the Turkish population
Hot Water Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves Protects Erythrocytes from Hemolysis and Major Organs from Oxidative Stress in vitro
Get PDFMoringa oleifera (drumstick plant) is one of the most popular plants, which is believed to have enormous health benefits. Because of its health benefits, the demand of this plant is increasing day by day in different parts of the Indian subcontinent. Moringa leaves are used as a vegetable item in some parts of Bangladesh. In this study, we investigated the anti-hemolytic and anti-oxidative effects of hot water extract of M. oleifera leaves. The extract contained considerable amounts of different antioxidants: ????-carotene (87.50±12.00 g/g of extract), and phytochemicals such as total polyphenols (53.52±1.10 mg Gallic acid equivalent/g of extract) and flavonoids (10.40±1.40 mg catechin equivalent/g of extract). The antioxidant potential of the extract was assessed by its DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-)-free radical scavenging activity, with M. oleifera leaf extract showing considerable anti-oxidative potentials. To evaluate the anti-hemolytic effect of the extract, freshly prepared erythrocytes were incubated with Fenton’s reagents in the absence or presence of the extract. We observed that erythrocytes pretreated with the extract exhibited a reduced degree of in vitro hemolysis. To support the anti-oxidative properties, tissues were treated with or without extract in the presence of Fenton’s reagents, and the levels of lipid peroxide (LPO) were determined. The Moringa oleifera leaf extract significantly decreased the levels of LPO in brain, liver and heart tissues. Our studies suggest that the Moringa oleifera leaf extract can mediate, at least partially, cytoprotective effects through scavenging of free radical, reduction of intracellular oxidative stress, and hence prevented the in vitro hemolysis of erythrocytes
Culture influences and Leadership theories, A case study: Egyptian culture
Get PDFCulture influences people of a certain region leading to behavioral norms that not only affect people on an individual level but also rather affects the interrelations among them. In this article the author explores how culture might shape or influence the leader as well as the interrelation between the leader and his subordinates.The author argues that in order to adequately understand a given leader’s attributes, these should be examined in terms of a specific structural context across cultures. Thus, there is a growing need for understanding the way in which leadership enacted in various cultures and that is the amain purpose of this review
A Mediation Study of Human Dark Personality and the Prediction of Students’ Monetary Attitudes
Get PDFDark Triad can potentially predict monetary attitudes; however, the literacy in students’ monetary attitudes is still limited. Objective: To study the roles of mediating variables among students’ monetary attitudes that were influenced possibly by saving, spending and indifference attitudes according to Sereetrakul (2014) with the human Dark Triad personality: Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy. Methods: Cross-sectional was methodologically designed with randomly selected 310 Thai university students. Saving Behavior Scale and Short Dark Triad Thai Version (SD3-TH) were provided through the online platform in their computer classrooms. The T-test indicated the significant differences in mean scores. The indirect effect of simple mediation and multiple mediation models were examined. The Sobel test and Bootstrapping 95% confident interval were verified under Hayes’ PROCESS method judgement. Results: Loan students showed significantly higher in all 3 monetary attitudes and higher in Machiavellianism and Narcissism than self-support students. Female showed higher significantly in Psychopathy than male. Presence of mediator appeared on Machiavellianism that could predict both positive saving and spending attitude outcomes. Conclusions: This study highlighted the presence of mediators that potentially explained a new definition which the higher saving higher monetary indifference attitudes as the satisfied point between saving and spending attitudes in Machiavellianism and Narcissism personality groups
Decreases in plasma glucose, corticosterone and cholesterol levels following longterm consumption of stabilized rice bran in Albino Wistar rats.
Get PDFThe present study was designed to investigate the effects of long term stabilized rice bran (SRB) rich diet consumption on neuroendocrine and behavioral responses in rats. Cubes of standard rodent diet were crushed and mixed with SRB in the ratio of 2:1 and 1:1(w/w) to prepare pellets of moderate and high amount of SRB rich diet respectively. Albino wistar rats randomly assigned as control, moderate and high amount of SRB groups were treated accordingly with the respective diet for 6 weeks. Weekly cumulative food intakes but not body weights were smaller in SRB rich diet treated during 1st to 5th week of treatment, which were normalized at the end of the treatment. Animals treated with high SRB rich diet exhibited a decrease in plasma glucose, corticosterone as well as cholesterol levels. Cholesterol levels were also decreased by moderate SRB rich diet. The results are discussed in context of antioxidant and antistress property of rice bran. It is suggested that presence of tocopherol, tocotrienol, γ-orynazol and other unsaponifiable compounds in rice bran may produce a reduction in the cholesterol and glucose levels. A decrease in corticosterone levels may be explained in terms of antistress effects of rice bran
Silver Nanoparticles\u27 Therapeutic Antibacterial, Antiproliferative, and Toxicological Effects.
Get PDFSilver nanoparticles, among others, have broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. Silver nanoparticles have suppressed dangerous microorganisms in medical and agricultural settings in several studies. Chemicals are harmful to humans and the environment, raising awareness of bioactive synthetic methods. These methods produce nanoparticles with better physicochemical qualities, stability, and toxicity. Biogenic nanoparticles can be made from bacterial and fungal byproducts that reduce and stabilize. Encapsulating these nanoparticles with biomolecules from the producing organisms may boost stability and biological activity. Nanoparticles\u27 quick, clean, cheap, and ecological biologic manufacturing technique increases biocompatibility. Silver nanoparticles affect fish, algae, cell-based in vitro procedures, and microbes. Even though most of these studies were done quickly in well-regulated labs with much higher silver ion concentrations than in real life. Many silver types undergo long-term chemical transformation at extremely low levels (ng/L to g/L) in aquatic ecosystems. Thus, silver nanoparticles\u27 environmental and health hazards need additional investigation. Recently detected antimicrobial silver at 10102 μg/mL. Multiple processes make silver nanoparticles dangerous. Basic (Ag0) and monovalent (Ag+) silver are most poisonous. Silver framework free ions affect silver toxicity. ROS damage DNA when elemental or zero-valent silver penetrates tissues. Packaged foods, contaminated water, swimming pools, antifouling, nasal and throat medicines, and other pharmaceuticals include silver nanoparticles. Consumption accumulates silver ions in subcutaneous fat. Prolonged exposure causes argyria-blue-gray skin. Silver inhibits Na+ and Cl absorption, disrupting electrolytes. Airborne silver nanoparticles may influence chronic pulmonary disease patients. Silver ions oxidize enzyme thiols, hindering electron transport and DNA replication. Ag+ rapidly damages DNA and RNA. Silver nanoparticle breakdown into silver ions creates germ-killing ROS. Silver nanoparticles are more hazardous than silver ions in the same atmosphere