E-Journal Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
Not a member yet
6430 research outputs found
Sort by
Mobilizing Carbon Finance to Meet the Socioeconomic Costs of Reforming Energy Tariffs and Subsidies in Uzbekistan
No full textAcross the globe countries are
looking to cut greenhouse gas emissions to reach carbon
neutrality and combat climate change. But doing so can be
complicated. Countries are putting a price on carbon
emissions (or carbon equivalents for other gases). In a
landmark pilot in Uzbekistan, the World Bank is testing a
way to reward countries for improving their sustainable
energy policies. The program monetizes carbon-cutting
efforts and prepares the country to sell carbon credits on
the international carbon market
Subnational Business Ready in the European Union 2024: Romania
No full textThis year, the Subnational B-READY series cover 40 cities in six EU Member States—Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Portugal, Romania, and the Slovak Republic—covering 36 European regions. In Romania, the Subnational B-READY covers nine cities in eight regions at the NUTS2 level: Brașov (Centre), Bucharest (Bucharest-Ilfov), Cluj-Napoca, Oradea (North-West), Constanța (South-East), Craiova (South-West Oltenia), Iași (North-East), Ploiești (South Muntenia), and Timișoara (West). The primary objective of the Subnational B-READY studies is to identify and address regional disparities in regulatory environments and to promote reforms that foster private sector growth, job creation, and sustainability. The Subnational B-READY series delivers a rigorous, data-driven analysis of business climates at the local level, offering actionable insights for policy makers
Charting the Path of Europe and Central Asia Toward a Secure and Sustainable Energy Future
No full textSince February 2022, geopolitical events have made clear Europe’s need to diversify its energy sources and avoid excessive dependence on fossil fuel imports. The drop in Russian natural gas flows to Europe in 2022 marked the single largest supply shock in the history of global gas markets. It caused a significant increase in prices of electricity and heating services for consumers across the continent. With Europe’s high reliance on imported natural gas, reestablishing energy security is a paramount objective. But how security can be achieved is subject to many uncertainties. Although Central Asia is not as dependent on gas imports as other parts of the World Bank’s Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region, it has not been spared an energy crisis. Chronic underinvestment and the harshest winter conditions in decades resulted in significant blackouts in power and heating during the winter of 2022/23.
This report analyzes the implications of the 2022/2023 energy crises over the short and long term, observing possible energy scenarios through 2060 in the Bank’s ECA region and examining three key questions:
• What is the state of energy security in ECA in the wake of recent geopolitical events?
• What will it take to decarbonize the ECA energy system?
• What are the main uncertainties
Nepal’s Economy on a Recovery Path but Private Investment Remains Low
No full textNepal’s economy saw improved growth
in the first half of FY24 (H1FY24) compared to FY23,
supported by the services sector, helping its economic
growth rebound from a low of 1.9 percent in FY23 to a
forecast of 3.3 percent in FY24. Accommodation and food
services led the way, fueled by a significant rise in
tourist arrivals. Financial and insurance activities also
expanded, although there was a contraction in wholesale and
retail trade. The industrial sector contributed to growth as
well, supported by higher hydroelectric production. In
agriculture, there was an increase in paddy production,
aided by improved seed availability and favorable weather
conditions. Private consumption drove growth on the domestic
demand side, supported by a substantial increase of
remittance inflows. However, since H1FY21, remittances
growth has not supported higher imports of consumption
goods. Private investment remained sluggish, as evidenced by
decreased imports of capital and intermediate goods. On the
other hand, public consumption and investment contracted,
driven by austerity measures and lower revenue collection.
To mitigate the revenue shortfall, the government adjusted
its FY24 budget downward through mid-term reviews, revising
both revenue and spending targets. Moreover, there is also
the need for improved budget execution efficiency,
especially for sub-national governments whose budget
execution rates have lagged the federal government’s.
Despite a small increase in public debt, it remains moderate
and sustainable, supported by a significant share of
concessional external loans and prudent fiscal management
Designing an Independent Fiscal Institution for Poland
No full textUnlike common practices in other EU
member states and despite being mandated by EU law, Poland
still lacks a fully-fledged Independent Fiscal Institution.
IFIs are impartial, expert bodies that help improve the
transparency, accountability, and quality of fiscal
policies, and support sound and sustainable public finances.
They became important after the 2008-09 global financial
crisis showed the need for better fiscal management. Their
role is to use their analyses and advocacy skills to push
for long-term stability in fiscal policies. Creating a
robust and effective IFI in Poland could enhance the quality
and credibility of fiscal policy in the context of shifting
structural budgetary dynamics. While the country performed
well in the post-EU accession period, achieving rapid income
convergence, and maintaining fiscal stability, it has not
always complied with EU fiscal rules. With fiscal challenges
set to grow in the medium and long term (i.e., due to the
impact of the ageing population and increasing defense
spending) the case for the establishment of an IFI is even
more compelling. Recognizing that need the Polish government
has expressed interest in establishing a formal IFI to
enhance the quality and credibility of the Polish fiscal
framework. This report supports the government of Poland in
designing and implementing an IFI, aligned with
international best practices while considering the
specificities of the country. The report summarizes the main
conclusions and recommendations from the World Bank and
Ministry of Finance collaboration started in January 2024.
The project included a diagnostic assessment of the existing
fiscal framework and institutions, based on a benchmarking
exercise against international best practices and standards
of EU IFIs. The recommendations use a conceptual framework
that focuses on three key aspects: the Right Form, the Right
People, the Right Behavior
Digital Identification Progress and Gaps
No full textThis paper provides a snapshot of the
digital capabilities of government-recognizedidentification
(ID) systems across three dimensions: (i) digitally stored
records; (ii) digital verification or authentication for
in-person transactions; and (iii) digital authentication for
online transactions. This paper and data are part of a
three-volume series that began with the 2021 ID4D Global
Dataset and seek to contribute to a more precise typology
and understanding of global trends in the digitalization of
ID systems. This analysis is based on primary data
collection from ID authorities (2021–2022), data from the
2021 World Development Report’s Global Data Regulation
Survey, and desk research. The paper finds that in more than
90 percent of countries globally, ID systems now rely on
digital data; identification systems across at least
two-thirds of countries offer at least a basic type of
digital identity verification or authentication for
in-person transactions; and about 40 percent to
countries—primarily high-income ones—have a digital ID
ecosystem that enables fully remote, secure authentication
for online transactions. When combined with data on the
number of people without an official proof of identity,
these findings suggest that, in addition to the estimated
850 million people globally who do not have official
identification, many more do not have official, digitally
verifiable identity credentials or credentials that would
allow them to securely transact in online contexts. Our
analysis suggests that at least 1.1 billion people do not
have a digital record of their identity; 1.25 billion people
do not have a digitally verifiable identity; and 3.3 billion
people do not have access to a government-recognized digital
identity to securely transact online. We hope this data
provides a useful starting point for further unpacking ID
systems’ digital capabilities and how they are used in practice
A Region-specific Perspective - A World Bank-IADB Technical Note
No full textDigital Public Infrastructure (DPI)
first came to wider public attention at a session on the
future of digital cooperation during the UN General Assembly
in 2022. During 2023, international interest in DPI grew
during India’s Presidency of the G20. The World Bank defines
DPI as foundational and re-usable digital platforms and
building blocks such as digital ID, digital payments, and
data sharing - that underpin the development and delivery of
trusted, digitally-enabled services across the public and
private sector. Although India and Estonia are the most
often cited country examples of DPI in practice, digital
public platforms are also emerging in LAC. This report
produced under a joint Memorandum of Understanding between
the World Bank Group (WBG) and the Inter-American
Development Bank (IADB) aims to help improve digital
infrastructure and connectivity to drive stronger results
for people living in LAC. Its objective is to highlight the
state of the potential for DPI across the LAC region,
including understanding policymaker’s awareness and
acceptance of DPI, and the maturity of DPI building blocks
across the region. It aims to connect a long-standing
discussion in LAC around effective digital transformation
with emerging global DPI discourse, and at the same time the
report explores specifically how, and where, DPI manifests
in LAC and how it can be helpful in future
Remarks by World Bank Group President Ajay Banga at the Lowy Institute in Sydney, Australia
No full textWorld Bank Group President Ajay Banga delivered remarks at the Lowy Institute in Sydney, Australia. He discussed the World Bank's efforts to address global challenges such as climate change, inequality, and fragility. Banga highlighted the reforms the World Bank has implemented to become more effective and impactful, including expanding its mission and vision, shortening project-approval processes, integrating operations, and increasing lending capacity. He also emphasized the importance of securing a significant replenishment of the International Development Association (IDA) and the need for collaboration with the private sector to close the financing and jobs gap. Banga mentioned specific initiatives focused on climate financing, healthcare, energy access, and social protection programs. He concluded by expressing the World Bank's commitment to ongoing reforms and greater ambition in achieving its development goals
Accelerating the Building of Inclusive Institutions for Resilience and Jobs
No full textThe central message of this
Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) update is that Somalia
should accelerate the momentum in building its institutions
to develop resilience and create jobs, thus serving as a
basis for transitioning from fragility to reducing poverty
and promoting shared prosperity. Poverty remains widespread,
with growth and job creation insufficient for lifting
incomes. The SCD update uses data from the 2022 Somalia
integrated household budget survey (SIHBS), which is the
first comprehensive household budget survey undertaken since
the collapse of the state in 1991. Since SCD1, there have
been modest improvements in some non-monetary dimensions of
welfare. Somalia has benefited from new sources of financial
support, which are helping to strengthen institutions
through the advancement of the debt relief process. This SCD
update reaffirms that the binding constraints and priorities
presented in SCD1 remain valid. The SCD update presents five
high-level outcomes (HLOs) that consider the progress made
since SCD1, as well as the availability of new analytical work
Viet Nam - Recommendations to the National Roadmap and Action Plan for the Electric Mobility Transition
No full textIn July 2022, the Prime Minister of
Viet Nam approved the 'Action Program on Green Energy
Transportation – Reduction of Carbon and Methane Emissions
of the Transportation Industry' through Decision
876/QD-TTg, marking the country's first policy aimed at
reducing the transportation sector's greenhouse gas
emissions by 7.2 percent. This initiative is crucial for
achieving Viet Nam's Nationally Determined
Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement and the 2050
net zero target. The report provides policy recommendations
to transition the road transportation sector to electric
mobility (E-Mobility) with goals of having 50 percent of
urban vehicles and all urban buses and taxis powered by
electricity or green energy by 2030, and 100 percent of all
road vehicles by 2050. The recommendations are based on
quantitative analysis covering EV demand and supply, power
sector upgrades, charging network development, and battery
demands, highlighting benefits such as reduced gasoline and
diesel demand, job creation, lower local air pollution, and
significant contributions to emission reduction targets