E-Journal Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
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Three Strategies Toward Climate-Smart Spatial Transformation
No full textIn "Future Amman Positioned at a Juncture: Three Strategies Toward Climate-Smart Spatial Transformation," the intricate dynamics of Amman's urban landscape are meticulously studied to offer a comprehensive roadmap toward spatial transformation. With a focus on growth dynamics, resource allocation, asset management, and planning reforms, the book lays out three strategies crucial for Amman's future development.
Strategy 1 delves into the necessity of leveraging spatial planning to manage growth effectively and foster synergies across various sectors. Strategy 2 emphasizes the urgency of strategic sequencing and prioritization of actions to optimize limited resources within Amman's evolving landscape. Finally, Strategy 3 underscores the untapped potential of Amman's public land assets and enterprises in driving economic development and sustainable land value capture.
Through insightful analysis and pragmatic recommendations, the publication offers a compelling narrative for policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders invested in shaping Amman's future as a vibrant, inclusive, and resilient city
An Evaluation of Energy Expenditures in Bulgaria
No full textEnergy poverty has gained attention
in the context of increasing energy prices and the recent
energy crisis in Europe. However, measuring energy poverty
and characterizing the energy poor are challenging, given
that expenditure surveys (household budget surveys) often
need more information to characterize the energy poor.
Additionally, there is no consensus on how to measure and
monitor energy poverty. It is also unknown how and why it
differs from income poverty. While income poverty relies on
a well-defined poverty line, energy poverty does not have a
clearly defined energy poverty line that indicates the
minimum energy necessary for satisfying basic needs. In
addition, monetary poverty and other welfare measures are
measured with income in EU countries using the European
Survey of Income and Living Conditions. Therefore, it is not
straightforward to characterize energy affordability among
the monetary income poor or to estimate the overlap between
official income poverty and energy poverty. This paper
explores statistical matching as a potential strategy to
overcome these data challenges in the context of Bulgaria.
Via data fusion, a unique dataset is generated that contains
information on energy spending shares, income-based
indicators of poverty and inequality, and additional
variables on households' living conditions and welfare.
For this purpose, the paper first generates a harmonized
dataset, which consists of the European Survey of Income and
Living Conditions and household budget survey data. It then
employs different imputation models and chooses the
best-performing one to impute energy spending shares into
data. Based on the resulting dataset, it overlays energy
poverty with monetary poverty. The findings show that a
large share of the energy poor is not income poor, calling
for differentiated policy measures to tackle energy poverty.
Importantly, these findings depend on the underlying
definition of energy poverty. This paper contributes to a
growing body of literature exploring the potential of
statistical matching to improve the current data environment
in the European Union
Suggested Policies and Structural Reforms
No full textThe Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC) has been hit hard by two shocks, just a few years apart. The first shock in 2015–16 was triggered by a sharp decline in oil prices—CEMAC’s main export proceeds and revenue source—just when many of these countries were ramping up public investment programs. CEMAC countries responded by putting together a coordinated effort relying on large fiscal adjustments under IMF- and World Bank Group-supported programs. External balances were on the path of recovery when, in the first quarter of 2020, the world experienced its largest economic shock since World War II with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic and, again, a collapse in oil prices. A large demand and supply shock ensued, exacerbated by the social and economic cost of mitigation measures to contain the contagion. This second crisis hit the region before fiscal and external buffers had time to fully recover from the previous one and threatened to erase the hard-won gains made since the previous shock. CEMAC authorities had been trying to set in motion a process to address the root cause of the region’s vulnerability—a largely undiversified economic basis overly dependent on oil. The CEMAC Commission had put in place a large-scale strategy of CEMAC Economic and Financial Reform (PREF). This plan defines a set of reforms, organized around five pillars, to create the basis for more diversified, inclusive, private sector–led growth and enhanced governance of the public sector. Initial measures focused on engaging in closer financial relationships with the IMF and other development partners. As the first generation of IMF-supported programs are ending, and most CEMAC countries have benefited from the IMF’s sizable emergency financing to cope with the social and economic fallout of the COVID-19 crisis, the next step is to identify key reforms that will underpin second-generation programs to boost progress on the PREF and focus on addressing growth bottlenecks. This position note responds to this need. It highlights a set of priority reforms at the national and regional levels that can guide the second generation of IMF programs and support the objective of putting CEMAC on a more sustained and inclusive path
The Case for More Effective Support Policies
No full textThis report offers strategic and
actionable guidance to policymakers in strengthening their
access to finance policies for small and medium enterprises
(SMEs). This report emphasizes the need to improve the
enabling environment for SME debt and equity financing. It
outlines a roadmap of eight key actions to guide
policymakers in achieving this. While such reforms are
necessary, they are often insufficient to fully address SME
financing constraints. Targeted financial programs thus
remain essential to bridge the financing gaps effectively.
This report outlines seven actions to improve the design and
implementation of these interventions to maximize their
impact and the effective use of public funding. This report
also underscores the importance of a tailored approach to
address the distinct challenges faced by specific SME
segments, particularly those of women-owned (and led) SMEs,
SMEs in agriculture, SMEs in fragile and conflict-affected
states, and those seeking financing for climate change
adaptation and mitigation
Repurposing Agricultural Support Policies for Sustainable Food Systems -Toolkit
No full textThe global agrifood system can no
longer deliver the ‘triple wins’ of a healthy planet,
healthy people, and healthy economies. The current system is
associated with high ‘hidden costs’ and urgently needs
transformation to provide better livelihoods, raise farm
productivity, and become more sustainable, equitable,
resilient, and healthy. Achieving such transformative change
requires a systemic shift in how the agrifood system are
supported. We need to recognize that hundreds of millions of
atomistic and rational economic decision-makers make up the
agrifood system. Actors on the farm and along food value
chains respond to economic incentives, and a core priority
for food system transformation should be ensuring that
economic agents receive appropriate incentives to guide
meaningful change. Studies show that agrifood system
transformation has the potential to bring climate change
under control, increase biological diversity, ensure
healthier diets, and create new business opportunities worth
up to US4.5 dollars trillion a year (FOLU 2019). Building
better systems requires tackling multiple distortions,
including the complex agriculture-energy nexus. Energy is a
key input to the agrifood system as fossil fuels and
electricity are used directly in agriculture production to
operate machinery, power water pumps, manufacture
fertilizers, cool or dry crops and livestock products, and
fuel transport. Subsidies for both fossil fuels and energy,
which is also generated from fossil fuel in most countries,
increase the environmental footprint of the food system as
they encourage overuse and waste at the cost of other
economic activities. For example, fuel and electricity
subsidies in India are reducing the marginal cost of pumping
for farmers and incentivizing over pumping and a rapid
depletion of groundwater resources. Wasteful overuse of
cheap energy in agriculture also has a large opportunity
cost in terms of foregone economic activity in other
sectors, including the development of downstream processing
and value addition activities in agri-food supply chains
themselves. Finally, energy subsidies undermine the
competitiveness of alternative types of energy (such as
renewable energy) and efficient energy technologies such as
solar energy, with negative long-term impacts on the
environment. Repurposing these distortive agricultural
policy support towards policy measures that promote
increased efficiency, increased resilience, and enhanced
positive environmental impacts offers an opportunity to
accelerate the transformation towards environmentally
sustainable agrifood systems
Nepal - Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment
No full textNepal’s diverse geoclimatic system
makes it vulnerable to a myriad of climatic-related events.
The combination of variable torrential rainfall patterns and
heavy monsoons, both extreme heat and cold, along with steep
terrain, increase the risks of floods including Glacial Lake
Outburst Floods (GLOFS), landslides, droughts, and
waterborne diseases (WBDs). Nepal’s communities are
particularly vulnerable to climate change, as they are
already hampered by poverty, being located in remote areas
and operating on subsistence agriculture. Given Nepal’s high
exposure and vulnerability to climate change, the World
Bank, through the Health Climate and Environment Program
(HCEP), is conducting a Climate and Health Vulnerability
Assessment (CHVA) in Nepal. The objective of this CHVA is to
assist decision-makers with planning effective adaptation
measures to deal with climate-related health risks. Where
available, these measures are provided at a subnational
level to assist regional health planners. The
recommendations of this CHVA are primarily targeted at the
health sector and related sectors that influence health
risks from climate changes, such as disaster risk management (DRM)
A Methodological Note with Applications
No full textThis paper describes power sector
modeling methodologies for the World Bank’s macrostructural
model — MFMod. Macrostructural models generally do not model
sectors, such as the power sector, in detail, limiting their
capacity to represent deep system transformation (for
example, low-carbon energy transitions). The main
constraints to adequate sector modeling are data
availability and technological representation of the power
system. Time-series data for specific production factors
across sectors do not exist consistently for most countries
in World Bank models. This paper describes two distinct
methods to overcome this constraint: (i) using a more
granular representation of the production function and (ii)
linking the macrostructural model with the World Bank's
electricity planning models. These methods provide a more
nuanced technical representation of deep transformations,
enabling discussions on their macroeconomic consequences.
The paper provides results for Mauritania and South Africa.
These methodologies serve as a blueprint for macroeconomic
modeling of energy transitions in this class of models
Deep Trade Agreements and Firm Ownership in GVCs
No full textThis paper focuses on the effect of
preferential trade agreements and their depth on
firm-to-firm ownership, in particular, along global value
chains. It measures shareholder–affiliate ownership links at
the country-sector-pair level to distinguish between
vertical and horizontal links. The findings show that
preferential trade agreements boost vertical international
investment links (both backward and forward) while reducing
horizontal investment. Deep preferential trade agreements
stimulate investment particularly for sector pairs, where a
high input specificity prevails
DESAIN LAPANGAN PAMEDAN AHMAD YANI SEBAGAI TAMAN KOTA TANJUNGPINANG BEBASIS KEBUDAYAAN MELAYU KEPULAUAN RIAU
No full textGreen Open Space was an instrument to provide an open space for people to do some activities that can be city icons. Pamedan Ahmad Yani Field was one of the city's icons in Tanjungpinang, but the design has not implemented the local culture into its design. Local culture can be used or implemented as a site appeal. This research aims to provide a redesign of Pamedan Ahmad Yani Field as a city park using local culture in the site design. Riau Islands culture was adapted considering the site location located in Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands, which is popular with its culture and literature, Gurindam 12. Questionnaires were distributed to 93 people to gain visitors' data and their perspectives about redesigning using local culture in the site design. The concept applied in the design is Modern-Local Cultural (Moltural), which combines local culture with current design developments. This research contains a series of designs consisting of commissioning, analysis, problem definition, conceptual studies, preliminary/schematic designs, site plans, and construction documents, with the final result in the form of designs with a local cultural approach consisting of working drawings and illustrations
PENERAPAN ARSITEKTUR MODEREN RUSTIC PADA PERANCANGAN RESTORAN DAN BUTIK DI SAMARINDA
No full textThe development of the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) in East Kalimantan has been a significant catalyst for economic growth and lifestyle changes in surrounding areas, including the city of Samarinda. The increasing awareness of modern lifestyles and the desire for new experiences has led Samarinda's consumers to seek out places that not only provide products or food but also offer a comfortable atmosphere and visually appealing aesthetics. The objective of this research is to develop a design concept for a commercial building that combines two functions: a restaurant and a boutique, using a modern rustic style as a response to this trend. This study employs a qualitative analysis method, combining the results of literature reviews, field surveys, internet studies, and comparative studies of similar buildings, aiming to identify the unique characteristics of modern rustic architecture that suit the needs of building users, functionality, and site conditions. The site is determined through an analysis of several alternative sites. The results of this analysis are a design concept for a restaurant and boutique building with a modern rustic architectural style, evident in both the building's facade and interior. The design concept produced in this research is a unique blend of modern, clean lines and the warmth of rustic materials, resulting in a visually and functionally aesthetic space