E-Journal Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
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Emergency Preparedness and Response Systems
No full textAs disasters caused by natural hazards increase in frequency and complexity, there is a
growing need for effective preparedness and response. The World Bank continues to
adapt its crisis response toolkit to address these challenges to help governments and
partners strengthen resilience and improve their crisis management capacities
Viet Nam Macro Monitoring, April 2025
No full textIndustrial production increased by 8.6 percent y/y in March 2025, compared to 4.8 percent y/y in March 2024, driven by apparel, electronics and machinery. The PMI entered expansionary territory (50.5) in March after three months of contraction, driven by growth in new orders despite high uncertainties. Revenue collection for the first three months of 2025 reached 36.7 percent of the State budget’s annual plan compared to 31.7 percent in the same period of 2024, driven by increases in VAT and corporate income tax collection. However, the public investment disbursement rate slowed as of end of March 2025, reaching 9.5 percent of Prime Minister’s annual plan, below the 12.3 percent execution rate from the same period of last year
Measuring, Reporting, and Verifying (MRV) Carbon Credits
No full textSustainable development experts and policy makers expect carbon markets to drive climate
finance and help meet climate goals. Carbon pricing and carbon markets continue to evolve and
grow. New schemes and instruments were introduced with fiscal revenues reaching a record $104
billion from carbon taxes and emission trading systems in 2023 (2024 State and Trends of Carbon
Pricing, The World Bank). However, for carbon credit markets integrity remains a challenge, particularly
in verifying that greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions and removals are as claimed.
This note provides a basic introduction into measuring, reporting, and verifying (MRV) emission
reductions with a focus on carbon crediting
Compendium of International and National Legal Frameworks on Female Genital Mutilation, Ninth Edition
No full textFemale Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) is a development issue and am extreme form of violence against women and girls that affects more than 200 million women in the world. FGM/C is a harmful practice proven to impact the physical and mental health of affected women and girls from the moment of the cutting, with prolonged and irreversible consequences during their entire lives. FGM/C is at the confluence of domestic violence, child abuse and sexual assault and a serious violation of human rights. Studies show that FGM/C has economic and social consequences and a high obstetric cost although a comprehensive study on the exact extent of these economic, health and social costs is still to be carried out. Beyond the data and the statistics, researchers have shown
that FGM/C deprives women of sexual satisfaction, sexual health and psychophysical wellbeing. The Compendium of International and National Legal Frameworks on Female Genital Mutilation (the “Compendium”) was prepared to contribute to this urgent and important
development debate with the understanding that the knowledge of the law is an important empowerment tool to end FGM/C.
It provides a survey of the key international and regional instruments as well as domestic legislation as they relate to the prohibition of FGM/C. The Compendium consists of topical chapters (international legal frameworks; regional legal frameworks; consensus documents and national legal frameworks) with hyperlinks to source documents, such as United Nations conventions, regional treaties, and national legislations. The Compendium is a working document intended as a reference tool for anyone interested in the topic of FGM/C (development practitioners, lawyers, community leaders, academics, researchers, students, etc.). It does not constitute an exhaustive treatment of the legal framework on FGM/C and may be updated from time to time
India's Tuberculosis Recognition Program
No full textThis report outlines the development of a novel strategy for an intergovernmental transfer program known as performance-based incentives (PBIs). The Government of India initiated the Sub-National Certification for Tuberculosis (SNC) to consolidate efforts aimed at eradicating Tuberculosis (TB). A detailed understanding of the TB burden at subnational levels, along with more granular insights into interventions in various contexts, is critical for TB control. The World Health Organization certifies member states for disease elimination globally; however, the prevalence of diseases varies significantly among Indian states and regions.
In response, India’s Ministry of Health and Family Welfare developed a ‘Sub-National Certification of Progress towards TB Free Status’ initiative to measure progress toward ending TB at district and state/Union Territory levels. The early introduction of the TB Index, designed to complement the SNC scheme, ensures compatibility between the two. This SNC initiative, which is a provider recognition program, rewards increasing levels of tuberculosis elimination relative to a 2015 baseline through public recognition and financial incentives. During its implementation amid over two years of disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the SNC initiative aims to achieve several objectives: (i) assess the current pace, challenges, and lessons from the SNC's initial implementation to inform future improvements and scale-up; (ii) promote this domestic innovation on an international scale; and (iii) contextualize this innovation within other performance-based innovations in the health sector, offering a range of options for countries aiming to eliminate TB.
This document aligns with the Lighthouse India Initiative. The World Bank documents lessons and evidence from India while sharing global lessons and best practices with Indian policymakers and technocrats. By situating India’s innovation within the broader scope of international health experiences with various award-based, incentive-based, performance-based, and results-based approaches, the report provides a comprehensive menu of options for future efforts to combat Tuberculosis
Supporting Women’s Livelihoods at Scale: Evidence from a Multi-Faceted Women’s Economic Inclusion Intervention in Zambia
No full textThe government-implemented Supporting Women’s Livelihoods (SWL) intervention yielded large and lasting improvements in welfare outcomes for extremely poor women in Zambia. The SWL intervention aims to enhance women’s livelihoods and economic resilience by providing poor rural women with a 21-session life and business skills training, six months of group mentoring, a productivity grant and support to form savings groups. The full package of SWL support decreased extreme poverty by 30 percent and led to improvements across a range of other critical welfare domains. The financial capital bundle also yielded large and sustained impacts, while the human capital bundle had no measurable impact. There is growing evidence that the positive impacts on income, consumption, and assets resulting from these programs can persist and potentially increase long after the intervention. Building on this promise, the Government of Republic of Zambia launched SWL under the Girls’ Education and Women’s Empowerment and Livelihoods (GEWEL) Project in 2015 to boost livelihoods outcomes for vulnerable women. SWL targets poor, rural women with a bundled big push package comprising: (i) a 21-session life and business skills training; (ii) a productivity grant equivalent to US 225 dollars; (iii) support to form savings groups; and (iv) six months of group mentoring. While complex, SWL is more limited than other multi-faceted packages: at the time of the study, it was not layered on top of regular cash transfers, lasted 8 to 10 months, focused on grants rather than livestock and asset distribution, and included group mentoring rather than one-on-one mentoring
Maldives Development Update, October 2025
No full textThe Maldivian economy faces persistent fiscal and external vulnerabilities despite temporary improvements in fiscal and reserve positions. In early 2025, economic growth moderated due to a slower growth in the tourism sector, while inflation increased significantly, driven by elevated food and service prices. Although the fiscal account improved with a temporary surplus, this was largely due to a sharp reduction in capital expenditure, likely accompanied by rising arrears. Total public and publicly guaranteed debt increased further, reaching 126.9 percent of GDP in early 2025, with an increasing reliance on domestic financing given constrained external financing options. Foreign exchange liquidity pressures remain acute. Despite some recovery in official reserves, the coverage of usable reserves – less short-term essential imports and external debt service needs – remains low. The banking sector’s exposure to the sovereign further increased, raising financial sector risks. The current account deficit is expected to narrow due to stronger fish exports and tourism receipts. However, medium-term projections suggest slower growth, elevated inflation, and rising fiscal deficits, with public debt expected to average 135 percent of GDP. A large fiscal adjustment and credible financing strategy are urgently needed to restore macroeconomic stability and mitigate downside risks
Pedagogical and Curricular Approaches to Teaching Digital Skills: What Are Some of the Most Effective Ways to Teach Digital Skills in Both Formal and Non-Formal Educational Settings?
No full textThe increasing need for digital skills is driving countries worldwide to invest heavily in digital skills education, but the most effective practices for developing these skills remain unclear. This paper reviews current pedagogical and curricular approaches to digital skills development in formal and nonformal primary and secondary education in 22 countries. It explores the relationship between teaching methods and student learning to understand how to successfully develop digital skills. Results show that
higher-income countries are increasingly introducing digital skills early, often making it mandatory, and implementing diverse curricular models in the formal sector. Non-formal programs offer accessible, flexible learning; many feature inclusive initiatives for diverse learners. Based on the evidence review, the paper recommends teaching digital skills now, early exposure, combining stand-alone classes with digital skills integrated into other courses, using structured pedagogy to support student-centered
learning, and tapping into innovative learning methods used in the non-formal sector. Incorporating these practices into education systems requires robust enabling conditions: a digital skills framework, inclusive ICT infrastructure, relevant digital resources, competent teachers, accountable school management, and a cohesive EdTech policy. The paper concludes with seven actionable policy recommendations to guide the design and delivery of effective digital skills programs in Africa
Georgia Public Finance Review: Fiscal Policy for Inclusive Growth
No full textThe Public Finance Review (PFR) for Georgia looks at the contribution of fiscal policy to inclusive and sustainable growth by assessing the country’s macro-fiscal performance and policy framework, and by undertaking deep-dive analyses on the quality of the tax and education systems in Georgia. The objective of this report is to inform policymakers about the fiscal and institutional policy options to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and equity of tax policy and public spending while
maintaining macro-fiscal stability. The report focuses on an assessment of the quality of the tax system and of the quality of public spending in education. On the revenue side, the level of tax collection is higher than structural peers, but there are opportunities to reduce tax distortions hampering firm growth, and formalization of
the labor force and to tax negative externalities better. On the expenditure side, education is a sector with sizable spending (about 11 percent of the budget) in which reforms are longstanding (unlike in other sectors). Poor learning outcomes negatively impact human capital formation, which is crucial for supporting the productivity and innovation boost essential to transition to a high income country (HIC) and compete in the European market. Overall, proposed reforms can help strengthen the role
of fiscal policy in supporting Georgia’s aspiration to become a high-income country and to join the European Union (EU)
Transformasi Kain Jumputan sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Edukasi Menuju Pariwisata Berkelanjutan
No full textJumputan fabric, as one of Palembang's unique cultural heritages, has high historical, aesthetic, and educational value. Unfortunately, the passage of time and the lack of cultural learning media have led to Jumputan fabric being less well known among younger generations and tourists. This study aims to design an educational tour package that can transform Jumputan fabric into a tourist attraction that is not only entertaining but also educational and contributes to the preservation of local culture and sustainable tourism development. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model as the design framework. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews with managers and craftsmen, questionnaires for potential tourists, visual documentation, and literature reviews on educational and sustainable tourism. The design results produced three types of tour packages (schoolchildren, university students, and the public) that offer hands-on learning activities, including creating jumputan motifs, dyeing, and fabric drying. Interesting educational itineraries complement these packages and involve MSME actors and the surrounding community as facilitators for the activities. This design shows that culture-based educational tourism not only increases the destination's attractiveness but also creates economic opportunities, strengthens cultural identity, and raises tourists' awareness of the importance of cultural and environmental preservation. Thus, transforming Jumputan fabric into an educational tourist attraction is a strategic step toward supporting community-based sustainable tourism