E-Journal Politeknik Negeri Samarinda
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Boosting Transit Connectivity in Kazakhstan
No full textKazakhstan holds a strategic position between China, Europe, and the Middle East, but has historically been underutilized as an economic and transit bridge because of poor connectivity across the country. This has not only hindered Kazakhstan’s ability to leverage its geographical advantage but also led to pronounced regional disparities. Lack of efficient transport links contributed to unequal access to employment, education, healthcare, and social and cultural opportunities. Transit costs were high in terms of time, finances, and vehicle wear and tears, which posed significant obstacles to international commerce and stymied local socioeconomic progress, particularly in the southern regions. These challenges disproportionately impacted women, who faced greater unemployment and suffered from high maternal mortality rates because they cannot quickly reach medical care. These issues were compounded by persistent underinvestment and limited institutional capacity within the road sector, which further impeded the development of robust transportation infrastructure
A Descriptive Analysis 2025
No full textThe Performance-Based Financing (PBF) program in Sierra Leone's Free Education Project aimed to improve primary education by linking funding to school performance metrics. Evaluating 5,074 schools from 2022 to 2024, the report highlights increased student enrollment by 17.5 percent and attendance by 2.2 percent, though these improvements also reflect the tuition-free education introduced in 2018. Teacher attendance and materials access saw notable enhancements. School management practices improved with better financial record-keeping and more frequent School Management Committee meetings. Despite progress, equity challenges remain, particularly between schools in poor and non-poor communities. Regional disparities were evident, with the North-Western and Western regions showing significant improvements, while the Southern region lagged. Implementation faced issues like coordination problems and grant disbursement delays. The PBF initiative shows promise but requires ongoing efforts to address regional and resource inequalities
Acelerar la igualdad de género para poner fin a la pobreza en un planeta habitable
No full textThe WBG Gender Strategy 2024-30 puts
forward the bold ambition to accelerate gender equality to
end poverty on a livable planet in alignment with the World
Bank Group Evolution Roadmap. The strategy responds to the
global urgency, fundamentality, and complexity of achieving
gender equality. Building on implementation of the WBG
Gender Strategy 2016-23, the new strategy engages with
greater ambition – approaching gender equality for all as
essential for global development – and engages differently.La Stratégie du Groupe de la Banque mondiale en matière de genre 2024-2030 prévoit
l’ambition audacieuse d’accélérer l’égalité des sexes
mettre fin à la pauvreté sur une planète vivable, conformément à la
Feuille de route pour l’évolution du Groupe de la Banque. La stratégie répond à la
l’urgence mondiale, le caractère fondamental et la complexité de la réalisation
égalité des sexes | parité hommes-femmes | égalité des genres | égalité entre les sexes | égalité entre hommes et femmes. S’appuyer sur la mise en œuvre du Groupe de la Banque mondiale
Stratégie en matière de genre 2016-2023, la nouvelle stratégie
Une ambition plus grande – aborder l’égalité des sexes pour tous comme
essentielle au développement mondial – et agit différemment.La Estrategia de Género del GBM 2024-30
la audaz ambición de acelerar la igualdad de género para
poner fin a la pobreza en un planeta habitable en consonancia con el mundo
Hoja de ruta de la evolución del Grupo Banco Mundial. La estrategia responde a la
urgencia global, fundamentalidad y complejidad de lograr
Igualdad de género. Sobre la base de la implementación del GBM
Estrategia de Género 2016-23, la nueva estrategia se compromete con
mayor ambición, abordando la igualdad de género para todos
esencial para el desarrollo global, y se involucra de manera diferente
Preparing Tomorrow’s Workers for Home and Abroad
No full textHigher-income countries are aging at unprecedented rates, creating skills shortages in critical sectors ranging from healthcare to construction to information technology. At the same time, many lower-income countries are experiencing booming youth populations, but many lack the skills needed to access quality work opportunities both at home and abroad. In Global Skill Partnerships (GSPs), origin and destination countries partner to invest in education and training systems in the origin country to meet skill needs in both countries. Through collaboration and innovation in skills development and migration management, GSPs cost-effectively expand domestic training capacity in the origin while facilitating the benefits of regularized skilled migration. This report reviews the state of knowledge of GSPs, considers terminology and approaches, provides a roadmap for policymakers who want to implement GSPs, and clarifies the role of multilateral development institutions in this pivotal agenda. Various GSP and GSP-like programs and pilots have already been implemented globally and financed through various sources, and this report reviews their essential features, challenges faced, and lessons learned for future initiatives. Before highlighting these examples, the report discusses the current global economic landscape, focusing on demographic and education trends and why they call for international partnerships to invest in education and training for workers to participate in domestic and international markets
Situacion Actual y Perspectivas Futuras de Drones Para el Desarrollo de Guatemala
No full textThis report aims to evaluate the current status of the drone ecosystem in Guatemala and considers ways to unlock the potential of drones by encouraging wider adoption. To this aim, following the methodology utilized by PwC, a mapping of the current ecosystem was conducted, along with an analysis of the regulatory framework, a calculation of the market potential, and finally, an evaluation of the initiatives necessary to ensure the expansion of the drone ecosystem over the next five years. The first part of the report analyses the current status of the drone ecosystem in the country, identifying the main stakeholders and key players present in Guatemala and the roles that they currently play in the sector. Additionally, this section explores the maturity of the sector in the country, focusing particularly on the components of the UAS ecosystem, including an evaluation of the current situation regarding the regulatory framework, identifying main bottlenecks, challenges, and opportunities for improvement that can unlock the industry’s potential in the country. The second part looks at UAVs' growth and market potential, specifically regarding use cases and the sectors that are most relevant and have the most potential for investment and industry development. The third section describes the non-commercial drone applications currently present in the country and assesses which has the most potential for successful development and growth. Here it is also showcased the relevance of drones in tackling social and environmental problems in the country. The last section provides an overview of key initiatives that need to be implemented by the government and the relevant regulators to ensure the development of the drone ecosystem and the broader adoption of UAVs across key sectors in Guatemala. Recommendations are made for activities and initiatives that aid the sector’s growth, increasing digitalization, raise drone awareness, and accelerate the formalization of the industry in Guatemala.Este informe tiene como objetivo evaluar el estado actual del ecosistema de drones en Guatemala y considerar formas de liberar el potencial de estos mediante el fomento de una adopción más amplia. Para ello, siguiendo la metodología utilizada por PwC, se realizó un mapeo del ecosistema actual, un análisis del marco regulatorio, un cálculo del potencial de mercado y, finalmente, una evaluación de las iniciativas necesarias para garantizar la expansión del ecosistema de drones en los próximos cinco años. La primera parte del informe analiza el estado actual del ecosistema de drones en el país, identificando los principales actores y actores clave presentes en Guatemala y los roles que desempeñan actualmente en el sector. Además, en esta sección se explora la madurez del sector en el país, centrándose especialmente en los componentes del ecosistema de UAS, incluida una evaluación de la situación actual en relación con el marco regulatorio, identificando los principales cuellos de botella, desafíos y oportunidades de mejora que pueden liberar el potencial de la industria en el país. La segunda parte analiza el crecimiento y el potencial de mercado de los vehículos aéreos no tripulados, específicamente en lo que respecta a los casos de uso y los sectores que son más relevantes y tienen el mayor potencial para la inversión y el desarrollo industrial. La tercera sección describe las aplicaciones de drones no comerciales actualmente presentes en el país y evalúa cuál tiene el mayor potencial para un desarrollo y crecimiento exitosos. Aquí también se muestra la relevancia de los drones para abordar los problemas sociales y ambientales del país. La última sección ofrece una descripción general de las iniciativas clave que deben implementar el Gobierno y los reguladores pertinentes para garantizar el desarrollo del ecosistema de drones y la adopción más amplia de los drones en sectores clave en Guatemala. Se hacen recomendaciones de actividades e iniciativas que ayuden al crecimiento del sector, aumentando la digitalización, aumentando la concientización sobre los drones y acelerando la formalización de la industria en Guatemala
Indirect Costs of Mental Health Illness and the Economic Impact of Mitigation Policies
No full textThis document analyzes the indirect costs of mental health for adolescents and young adults in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region and its potential impact in lowering human capital in the region. It uses a broad definition of mental health conditions (MHC), classified into four components: neurological disorders (ND), mental health disorders (MHD), substance use disorders (SUD), and self-harm and suicide (SHS). The study documents the relevance and rapid increase of the prevalence of mental health conditions in the world and particularly in the region. From 1990 to 2019, mental health conditions have greatly increased their share of the global burden of disease, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In 2019, mental health conditions (including neurological disorders) accounted for losses of 3,618 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 population in the LAC region. Mental health conditions among adolescents and young adults account for a significant loss of gross domestic product (GDP) in LAC countries. Considering just the number of people aged 15 to 24 in the labor force, these losses are estimated at 0.34 percent of GDP in 2019, equivalent to nearly US78 billion when measured in GDP at purchasing power parity. The paper highlighted the need to improve data collection (especially on epidemiology, service delivery, direct and indirect costs, and best practice outcomes) associated with MHC in the region to obtain better estimates. This will be key to strengthening the capacity of governments to monitor and evaluate the implementation of mental health programs, as well as tracking their impact, and to ensure effective and responsive outcomes for young people's needs
Edutainment to Prevent Violence Against Women and Children
No full textEdutainment has potential to drive large-scale behavior change, yet its effectiveness in addressing violence against women and children remains an emerging field of study. This review summarizes findings from 21 rigorous studies measuring impacts on violence-related attitudes, norms and behaviors. Overall, 71 percent of 21 studies show promising reductions in attitudes and norms supporting violence, while 64 percent of 11 studies document reductions in violent behaviors. The largest evidence base pertains to violence against women with relatively moderate findings (13 studies, 57–69 percent show protective impacts). Evidence on child, early and forced marriage is stronger, however based on fewer studies (8 studies, 63–75 percent show protective impacts). Promising yet few studies tackle female genital mutilation, and only one study, with insignificant effects, addresses violence against children. While adverse impacts are rare, several studies report variable outcomes depending on study arm, follow-up period, or target group. Mechanisms of impact towards violence reduction include information acquisition, individual persuasion, norm diffusion, and enhanced service linkages. Despite these encouraging findings, further research is needed to address methodological challenges and unlock edutainment's full potential for large-scale violence-related behavior change
An Overview of NBS Implementation in Practice - Opportunities and Challenges
No full textThis report provides an overview of the potential role that nature-based solutions (NBS) can play in ports. It aims to illustrate how NBS can be effectively integrated into port planning, design, and operations to address various port challenges, while offering opportunities to leverage climate resilience benefits and other cobenefits. The report outlines the types of NBS that could be most
applicable to ports, examines their alignment with global policy frameworks (such as the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement), and highlights both the opportunities and implementation challenges associated with their use. NBS are receiving attention globally and in various sectors, with several NBS approaches demonstrating technical feasibility and
cost-effectiveness. However, many of the practices they encompass are not completely new to the port sector. Ports have long interacted with coastal landscapes and ecosystems. Recent innovations, such as ecological breakwaters and strategic sediment management, build on previous experiences and port management foundations, combining traditional practices with advances in nature-based engineering and access to emerging green financing mechanisms.
This report can serve as a guideline for the initial stages in the NBS project development cycle. It helps assess how NBS align with port challenges and interests, by identifying NBS opportunities within ports and supporting the evaluation of their potential benefits. Subsequent steps in an NBS project cycle are to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility, secure financing,
and develop designs and implementation plans. Ultimately, monitoring and evaluation of the NBS project is key to its sustained success. This guide can help provide critical information for these project phases
Financing Options and Instruments
No full textAfrica’s coastal and marine areas face growing challenges. Protecting the continent’s natural assets and the services they provide is not just a moral imperative; it is also a chance to obtain higher economic yield by, for example, adding value to fish products in Mauritania, using mangroves as a shield for rice paddies from storm surges in Guinea, using the clean coastal environment for tourism, as in Senegal, and generating new jobs by moving from destructive to productive practices, so enabling countries to access to blue carbon finance. Introduction Protecting the ocean is not only a moral imperative; it is also a financial opportunity. Ocean financing needs to move beyond an extractive, inequitable business-as-usual approach, which sees activities undertaken with little regard for negative environmental, economic, and social impacts that threaten long-term development, to align economic development opportunities with ocean health in a way that fosters low-carbon, resource-efficient growth, creates jobs, and reduces poverty. Enabling such a transition requires significant upfront investments, firstly to understand current trends and emerging threats through technical assistance, and secondly to formulate appropriate governance, fiscal, and financial policies, as well as investment solutions. In many cases, financing is available. However, it is not always available at the right time or place. The time and effort required to request (and then wait for approval of) finance can also be prohibitive. In some cases, projects are isolated from each other or are not shovel-ready, and continuity is not achieved. The Challenge Despite the wide acknowledgment of their importance to global development and environmental health, the world’s oceans are threatened by mismanagement, the effects of climate change, and poorly understood interactions within and between oceanic and terrestrial sectors. Investments in oceanic development are often isolated to individual industries, exacerbating conflicts over resources and space. To realize this potential, African countries need access to finance that spans grant financing, debt relief, and equity financing. As a range of financing instruments are made available, there is a need to shift from separate, isolated investments in individual sectors to a more integrated, holistic ridge-to-reef approach. There is a need for cohesive, systematic management of marine and coastal areas. The World Bank is available to help countries with mobilizing capital for investments. It also provides technical support and learning from its portfolio of more than US7 billion dollars of ongoing investments in oceanic and ocean-related sectors. These investments take various forms, including concessional and non-concessional loans, blue bonds, marine conservation endowment funds, carbon credit, parametric insurance, and debt for climate swaps. The real challenge lies in operationalizing solutions and articulating the need to engage financiers to catalyze a truly collaborative effort to reach the common objective of keeping coastal and marine areas pollution-free and productive
De-Energizing Water in Europe and Central Asia: Managing the Energy Footprint of Water Services in the Region
No full textWater services provide a wide range of economic, social, and environmental benefits. Effective and reliable water services are fundamental for supporting production in agriculture, manufacturing, and services. They also help ensure that water quality remains adequate for public health and environmental needs. Investing in energy efficiency will be critical for the reliable and sustainable provision of services essential to maintaining the momentum of Europe and Central Asia (ECA’s) emerging markets and developing economies as they continue to grow. The challenges to energy-efficient service provision posed by the region’s complex institutions and large stock of aging infrastructure are compounded by volatile market conditions, geographic constraints, and historical path dependencies. Addressing challenges and taking advantage of opportunities will require the right mix of investment priorities and policy choices across different contexts. Reducing the energy used to deliver water will require strategies for improving infrastructure management, resource use efficiency, and institutional coordination. Policy recommendations will be needed to account for the large variations in contexts across different parts of the region. This report focuses on understanding and managing the energy footprint of delivering water services across ECA. It takes stock of the energy footprint of water services across the region, as well as the challenges and opportunities for improving energy efficiency in the sector. The report is organized as follows: chapter 1 presents introduction. Chapter 2 takes stock of energy used by water services in the ECA region and describes the drivers of this footprint. Chapter 3 identifies challenges to improving the energy efficiency of water services in the region. Chapter 4 presents a menu of strategies and options for improving energy efficiency. Chapter 5 provides a proposal on policy pathways and recommendations for implementation