Review of Economics and Development Studies (READS) (E-Journal)
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Energy Use and Human Health Nexus in Pakistan
Get PDFThis study finds the impact of coal energy (a kind of non-renewable energy), renewable energy, Greenhouse gases, industrialization, population growth and environmental degradation and on the health of human beings, with the key emphasis on Tuberculosis incidence in Pakistan for the time span 1986 to 2017. For a deep practical insight, the study develops a system Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The results report that with an increase in the usage of coal energy, the incidence of Tuberculosis also increases. In addition, the results also highlight that by turning to the renewable energy (energy by sun, wind and air) the health could be improved as the renewable energy is environment friendly and it does not generate greenhouse gases and it also does not cause environmental degradation. So, renewable energy serves as helping factor to reduce the occurrence of Tuberculosis in Pakistan. Moreover, the renewable energy is serving to lessen the greenhouse gas emission and it also serves to lessen the environmental degradation in Pakistan. On the contrast, the coal energy is causing environmental degradation by increasing the amount of Greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere which in turn causes Tuberculosis in Islamic Republic of Pakistan
CO2 and Environment Change Evidence from Pakistan
Get PDFoai:ojs2.reads.spcrd.net:article/7A safe and healthy environment is a basic right of all living bodies but incurrent era pollution is at peak. The present study applied bound test basedco-integrating technique using annual time series data from 1970-2014 forexploring major determinants of Environmental degradation. Presentstudy included four determinants were energy consumption, grossdomestic products, FDI and population growth. Finding of the presentobserved a significant relationship among energy consumption, GDP,population growth and environmental degradation in short run and longrun.However, foreign direct investment has a positive and significantassociation with environmental degradation at 10% level of significanceboth in short and long-run. The econometric findings suggest thatPakistan has to sacrifice use of energy consumption, to have a safe andhealthy environment for better livings; Pakistan should adopt other way ofenergy like solar energy .While foreign direct investment must be used forpollution free machine or pollution free projects so that we can have cleanPakistan. Government of Pakistan should care about green policy andshould spread awareness in public so that population growth should not bea problem of environmental degradation. This research study made aunique participation in emergent body of empirical studies on practices ofenvironmental awareness in Pakistan by using bounds test based cointegrationtechnique
Workers’ Remittances and Growth Linkages in Pakistan
Get PDFRemittances are considered as the cash inflows to the economy and areimperative international source of revenue for most of the lessdeveloped countries (LDCs). For data analysis, the Ordinary least squareestimation technique was employed to the time series data for the years1981 to 2010. This research comes with the conclusion that level ofGDP is positively associated with the worker’s remittances and thefindings also support the optimistic view of remittances. It is suggestedthat govt. should take serious steps and proper measures to utilize theworkers’ remittances so, that the economy will be on the right tracktowards the development
Foreign Lending Dilemma and Poverty in Pakistan, India and Bhutan: A Panel Data Analysis
Get PDFPurpose: In developing countries foreign lending becomes a problem now aday instead of spend this lending for the development purposes. Ultimatelythis problem causes poverty in these countries where usage of foreignlending is not in proper ways. The purpose of this study is to investigate theimpact of IMF and World Bank lending on poverty in Pakistan, India andBhutan. In this study corruption, GDP, unemployment, secondaryenrolment, and external debt are used as independent variables and povertyheadcount ratio as dependent variable. Study finds out the relationship ofcorruption, unemployment and external debts with poverty and showing thepositive relationship while secondary enrolment and GDP showing negativerelation with poverty. Moreover study finds out that lending of IMF andWORLD BANK mostly causes poverty in these developing countriesinstead of reducing poverty because of corrupt government’s weak policiesfor the distribution of loans. It is examined that the countries with strongpolicies and non-corrupt government can take full advantage of theselending for poverty reduction. But it is noticed that the countries which arethe members of IMF structural adjustment programs are facing morepoverty problems as compare to those countries which are not involved inthese programs or even have less numbers of lending. Those countries aremuch better than the countries involve in structural adjustment programs
Dilemmas of Adolescents: Dark Triad and Relational Aggression, Moderated by Economic Status
Get PDFObjective of the present study was to find out the relationship between dark triad and relational aggression among adolescents. A sample of 612 adolescent students with age range 12-19 were selected from different educational institute of Gujrat, Pakistan. Dark triad personality scale short version and the Urdu version of diverse adolescent relational aggression scale were used to measure relational aggression. The findings of the current study revealed significant predictive relation of machiavellianism with relational aggression [R2 =. 220; F (1, 607) = 171.340, p<.01], narcissism with relational aggression [R2 =.189; F (1, 607) = 141.753, p<.01] and psychopathy with relational aggression [R2 =.265; F (1, 607) = 218.635, p<.01]. Conclusion: The present study supported the predictive relationship of dark triad with relational aggression. These findings may have implication in the future intervention and prevention procedure for adolescents
Global Trends of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) with reference to Online Trade in Pakistan
Get PDFOnline Trading in Pakistan has been rising with every passing day. State level regulation for online trade is inevitable reality. Online trade has systematically entered in Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) System that is the format of Alternate Dispute Resolution System (ADR). Many multi-national vendors such as Amazon and Alibaba are using Online Dispute Resolution mechanism to make the trade efficient and less dependent on conventional remedial systems of Civil Laws and cumbersome procedures of classical courts. Online Trade in Pakistan is a novel idea and is flourishing by every passing day. On the same time, online trade faces issues of dispute resolution. This paper will aim at introducing Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) as a model through case studies of various developed nations and international framework. Moreover, this paper will identify the prospect and limitations of Online Dispute Resolution in Pakistan
Impact of Employees’ Emotional Instability on Organization Citizenship Behavior and Burnout with Mediating Effect of Workaholism
Get PDFToday workaholism is foremost key challenge face by academia of higher education. Therefore, to understand the perspective of workaholism this study examines the impact of emotional instability on employees work outcomes (Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Burnout) through mediating role of workaholism in public and private universities of Multan. The aim of the study was to recruit at least 400 teachers. Among sample, five hundred structured questionnaires containing six dimension were distributed, out of which four hundred were used for analysis. Smart PLS (Partial Least Square) was used for hypothesis testing. Finding of the study shows that there was negative and significant relationship between emotional instability, workaholism and organizational citizenship behavior whereas, there was positive and significant relationship between emotional instability and burnout. However, this study will provide support to policy makers to develop such work schedules that will lower the level of burnout in university teachers. This study was conducted only for the university academia in the different city of Punjab for more generalizability for this study can be conducted in whole Pakistan and also for the teachers of secondary schools
Impact of Corporate Reputation on Firm Risk: An Analysis of Pakistan Stock Exchange Listed and PACRA Rated Firms
Get PDFThis study has examined the impact of corporate reputation on risk exposure of the firms listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) and rated by Pakistan Credit Rating Agency (PACRA). It has employed firm’s credit ratings as a proxy for corporate reputation. It has covered the time period from 2007-2016 and unbalanced and undated panel regression analysis has been carried out to observe the significance of the relationship among corporate reputation and the firm risk i.e. total risk and its parts (systematic and unsystematic risk). It has been found that corporate reputation has a significant negative relationship with total risk and systematic risk of the firm. It is however found that corporate reputation is insignificant in explaining the unsystematic risk of the firms. Leverage and profitability (the control variables) are also found significant in explaining the risk exposures of the firms
China Pakistan Economic Corridor: A Game Changer Project
Get PDFPakistan and China has a long history of bilateral relations but the period from 2002 – 2005 witnessed boosts in economic ties and leadership of both the countries carried out frequent visits in order to address various economic and strategic challenges. The location of Pakistan on the World map considered as geo-strategic was now also being seen as geo-economic through Chinese perspective. China driven by market forces, development of western provinces, and its energy security concerns, started thinking to expand westwards. China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) being a subset of “One Belt One Road” (OBOR) was formally launched in 2013. This mega project has a potential to become a “game changer” for the region in general and Pakistan in particular. The opportune project faces a number of challenges which needs to be tackled in a timely and effective manner. Strategic location of Gwadar signifies its position in CPEC in many ways for Pakistan-China as well as for other regional countries
Financial Inclusion for SMEs: Role of Digital Micro-Financial Services
Get PDFSMEs paly major role in poverty reduction and employment generation, therefore experts considered this sector as engine of economic growth. However, access to finance in developing countries is one of major issue in development of SME sector as well as hurdle in economic growth. Financial institutions banking and non-banking shows reluctant behaviour in providing financing to SMEs and the issue is more severe in emerging economies. Bank financing has been found as main source of funds for SMEs in Pakistan, however, to obtain these funds not easy for small and medium firms. Recently digital micro financial services have been introduced by a number of micro finance banks. Current study looks into the role of digital micro financial services in enhancing SMEs’ access to finance and thereby enabling a more inclusive financial market for SMEs especially in context of emerging and developing economies. By digging out the existing literature and secondary data, the study discusses that digital financial services have greatly helped owner managers of SMEs in smooth management of their transactions and finances. The study concludes that to strengthen SME sector for economic growth, it is important to further reduce the cost of using digital financial services and increase the financial product portfolio on digital platforms