Review of Economics and Development Studies (READS) (E-Journal)
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The Politics of Religious Extremism in Pakistan: An Analysis
Get PDFIn this study, the connection between Islamic values and country policies has been carefully connected to the foundations that create political legitimating and the basic nature of a country. Islam performs a crucial part in the social fabric of Pakistan and has been integrated as the guiding concept for the constitutional procedure and governmental systems of the country but at the same time produced implicit stress for their future improvements. Various government authorities have used religious beliefs for their quest for governmental authenticity and power. This has consequently brought about politicization of spiritual explanation in Pakistan demonstrated in the form of sectarian disputes, persecution of spiritual unprivileged or disempowerment of certain spiritual organizations and management. Whereas controversy about interpreting religious identity continues pervading the Pakistani community, it is observed that large parts of the Pakistani inhabitants follow pluralistic types of Islam based on heterogeneous spiritual and devotional methods. Islamic political parties should cooperate on federal or provincial levels with national and local political parties to eliminate the religious extremism in Pakistan
Ideological Diversity and Birth Control Differentials in Pakistan: A Study of Islamabad
Get PDFGrowing Population explosion was not a grave problem in the early days of Islam or in the period of Islamic legislation. Thus, no explicit negation or affirmation of it is available either in the religious texts or in the religious jurisprudence or law. That is why presently the ulema from both the ends ? the opponents as well as the proponents of family planning, extract some selective Quranic verses, Ahadith and inferences of jurisprudence in favour of their respective viewpoints. Such diverging views have made the future of family planning programmes doubtful in Pakistan. With this background, the present study shows that in the contemporary situation, it is solely the individual who makes the final decision about approving or disapproving family planning. This decision-making process is influenced by the personal attributes of the practitioners. In order to evaluate these attributes, the researcher has attempted to analyze and highlight the perception of family planning by Muslim residents of Islamabad i.e. the Capital city of Pakistan. The people surveyed are predominantly from different social, geographical and economic backgrounds and from different religious callings, along the sectarian continuum. The researcher’s task has thus been to observe the responses and to point out whether the objective variables i.e. geographical, income and class, occupation and age factors etc. are more significantly associated with knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning or the subjective variables like religion and sect appear to be more important determining factor of family planning practice in a traditional society like that of Pakistan
Regional Wealth Disparity and Its Impact on Urban and Rural Child Schooling in Developing Economies: A Case of Punjab (Pakistan)
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to check how regional wealth disparity affects urban and rural schooling in Punjab. It is an effort to explore the influence of wealth disparity between the districts of Punjab on school enrolment of children 3-4 and 5-9 years age group using micro data-sets of cluster survey in 2007-08, 2011 and 2014 in Pakistan. This study uses the probit model and the principal component analysis to check district wealth disparity in Punjab, Pakistan.The principal variable i.e., socioeconomic disparity influences the school attendance severely in Punjab, however it affects more the rural areas. The sliding down the disparity desires equivalent distribution of funds from government of Punjab to the districts. The policy objective is to highlight the development of the districts of Punjab. This study creates the district wealth disparity index with various formula and principal component analysis to check how regional wealth disparities affect schooling
Impact of Managerial Self-efficacy, Improvement-oriented Employees' Voice Fearing External Threat on Performance
Get PDFManagers’ self-efficacy, being an active area of research, is important as it encourages employees’ performance. The feedback of highly self-efficacious managers in making better decisions is important to meet the global challenges that world is facing. This study explores literature on the relationship between managerial self-efficacy and employees’ performance. We further empirically tested the hypothesis in the banking sector in Pakistan and the results supported the theoretical implications. The study can serve as a basis for further studies and is practically useful for managers for improving employee performance
South Asian University and Educational Integration: Potentials and Outcomes for Peace Promotion between Pakistan and India
Get PDFThrough education conflicts, poverty, socio-economic injustice, distrust and constant threats to peace can be eradicated. Education is a powerful tool which can bring positive change, prosperity and justice. Conflict resolution and promotion of peace within the societies and with other nations of world can also bring through education .Role of educational institutions are always been considered most important and powerful to bring different cultures and nations closer. Mutual conflicted issues has created uncertainty and distrust in both countries. The wars of 1965, 1971 and recently Kargil conflict in 1999, cross border terrorism and blame game has pushed the relations into uncertain conditions of distrust. The South Asian University is window of integration where both countries students got the chance to get education under one roof. Objectives of establishing South Asian University for closer integration of SAARC countries is still a big challenge for the member nations as it can be used for the peace promotion and people to people connection. In this research paper the objectives and input of South Asian University is examine for bringing nations closer through education. The study examines the role of university to bring the students of Pakistan and India closer and for developing the atmosphere of friendship and trust in both nations. The study examines the civil society connectivity and different kinds of CBMs in both nations’ students by using the platform of university and its impacts on Pak-India relations and developing the peace in the region
Mediating Role of Perception of Job Insecurity on the Relationship between Despotic Leadership and Work Engagement: Pakistani Perspective
Get PDFThe importance of work engagement (vigor, dedication, absorption) in enhancing employee performance is a recognized area of research. In this competitive and hyper turbulent work environment, disengaged workforce is costly for any organization. Despite its importance, a very low rate of work engagement (i.e.5%) has been found in Pakistan. Drawing on conservation of resource theory (COR), this paper proposes a conceptual framework to find out the impact of despotic leadership behavior on work engagement of employees with a mediating mechanism of employee’s perception of job insecurity. In previous literature little research has been done on despotic leadership and no study has found on this relationship before
An Empirical Study on Students’ Satisfaction from Mawlana Bhashani Science & Technology University, Bangladesh
Get PDFThe main motive of this study is to explore university canteen foodservice attributes (food quality, food variety, price fairness, ambience, staff, and student satisfaction)in Mawlana Bhashani Science & Technology. Data are accumulated through a simple random sampling technique. A total of 355 numbers of valid questionnaires is used for statistic exploration. For measuring the performance of all factors for student satisfaction, 7 points Likert Scale is used.Qualitative& quantitative systems are used in the paper. Microsoft Excel version 10.0, Smart PLS software version 3.0, SPSS software version 20.0, is performed to analyze and test the theoretical model. Following the literature, data are analyzed using Crosstab Analysis, Pearson Correlation Coefficients, Structural Equation Modeling; Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Path Analysis. The findings show that food quality, food variety, ambience & staff have a significant positive influence on student satisfaction, and the price has a negative impact on student satisfaction
Factors Influencing Bankers’ Intention to Adopt Green Finance in Pakistan
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to investigate factors that influence bankers’ intention to adopt green banking in Pakistan. Green banking refers to providing environment-friendly banking services and financial products through environment-friendly banking operations and infrastructure. It can be referred to as sustainable lending and depository products and bank’s services through sustainable banking operations and infrastructure. The data for this study was collected from 250 respondents through a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the partial least squares (PLS) approach. The study’s findings indicate that Policy Guidelines, Attitude towards usage, Central Bank Regulations, and Management commitment and support influence bankers’ intention to adopt green banking in Pakistan. This research will help the State bank of Pakistan and the bank’s senior management to identify the key factors influencing the adoption of green banking in Pakistan
Analysing the Demand for Islamic Financial Products: The Role of Religiosity and Financial Literacy
Get PDFTheory of demand is one of the core areas in Micro Economics. Various price and non-price factors exist to determine consumer demand for a particular good or service, but the modern economists, mainly behavioural economists gradually suggest that psychological factors may also affect the individual decisions regarding the demand for a good and service. Therefore, the present study seeks to analyze personal religiosity together with financial literacy as a determinant of consumer demand for Islamic financial products. Fieldwork was carried out for the study in three Public sector Universities of District Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The data was collected from a sample of 679 Muslim male and female through a structured questionnaire. The econometric technique used to test the data includes Ordered Logistic regression. The key findings of the study suggest that religiosity and financial literacy has a significant impact on consumer demand through directly influencing their buying attitude and purchase intention towards Islamic financial goods and services, concluding them as an important determinant of demand for Islamic financial products within an Islamic society
Voluntary Tax-compliance Behavior in SMEs; Evidence from Pakistan and Turkey
Get PDFThis research article aims at exploring the Voluntary Tax-compliance behaviour of the small and medium-size business enterprises for two countries, Pakistan and Turkey. Voluntary tax-compliance from SME’s is considered as major risk area by the tax-collection authorities of both developing and developed countries, authorities from both desire to bring individuals belonging to SME’s to pay taxes on a voluntary basis, in order to generate higher revenues for their governments. Thus, data was collected from the owners of SME’s of both countries through a questionnaire, data thus collected was analysed using SPSS and PLS-Smart. The results suggested that voluntary tax-compliance can be achieved by building a mutual trust relation and by exercising legitimate use of power by the tax authorities, results also signify that subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, attitude towards taxes and moral obligation are also key factors in determining the voluntary tax-compliance behaviour as suggested by Kirchler, Hoelzl and Wahl, (2008). Also, this article tests the mediating role of the intention of building positive voluntary tax-compliance behaviour as suggested by Ajzen (1991). This study is an important contribution in literature as it incorporates data from two countries, Pakistan (a developing nation) and Turkey (that is making its mark in the list of developed countries). This research work can be further extended by incorporating comparative analysis among the business owners belonging to developed, semi-developed and developing countries