Review of Economics and Development Studies (READS) (E-Journal)
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Energy Consumption in Agriculture Sector, Environmental Cleanliness and Economic Growth: An Empirical Evidence of South Asian Countries
Get PDFThis study plays its role in the literature by investigating the impact of energy consumption on agriculture sector, and environmental cleanliness on Gross Domestic Product, in five South Asian countries from the period of 1990 to 2015. Energy is now becoming a challenge for the South Asian countries especially country like Pakistan. Developing countries are in a race to gather more and more resource for the production of energy. The main objective of research is to examine the short-run and long-run relationship between economic growth and energy consumption on agriculture sector of economy in South Asian countries. Granger causality test and Error correction model is employed to get the results. The empirical results showed the presence of co-integration among the variables and it indicates gross domestic product has a positive relationship with energy consumption in agriculture sector and environmental cleanliness. Granger causality results showed that unidirectional causality is present between gross domestic product and agricultural sector while no causality is present among environment cleanliness.
 
Impact of Crisis Management Practices and Strategic Response on Pricing Strategy: Evidence From Textile Industry in Pakistan
Get PDFThis study has discovered the impact of crisis management practices and strategic responses on the price strategy in the textile industry of Pakistan. In this research, independent variable iscrisis management practices (efficiency improvement and competitiveness improvement), mediating variable is strategic responses (pro-activeness and reactiveness) and where the dependent variable is price strategy. This study investigated the textile industry firms of Pakistan by means of correlation and regression analysis via empirical findings. Data has been gathered from the questionnaire method from the companies of textile industry. It is hypothesized that crisis management practices, strategic responses have significant impact on the price strategy in which strategic responses have a mediating role and these noteworthy impacts have been denied by the results of the study
Core Urdu Vocabulary for Chines Business Community in Pakistan, A Corpus-based Perspective
Get PDFWith the dawn of 21st century, the world has grown into a global village and the need for inter-communal interactions has also increased many times. Urdu language is said to be one the third biggest language of the world along with Chines and English and its speakers are constantly on the rise. With the emergence of the CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor), Urdu has assumed ever increasing importance due to the geo-political and geo-economic condition of the south Asian region. The undertaken study is a systematic attempt in this regard to work out a list of most frequent words of the Urdu language for the Chinese business community in Pakistan. Schmitt (2000) asserts that that learning a non-native vocabulary is a continual process as the core vocabulary should encompass the ever changing linguistic needs of the time. The name of the Urdu corpus for the undertaken research is urTenTen that has been compiled from internet data. The corpus belongs to TenTen corpus family that is corpora of the web with more than ten billion words. The corpus has been tagged according to Unified Parts of Speech (POS) Standard in Indian Languages. In order to process data, “sketch Engine” has been used. List of frequent words for the Chines Business Community has been retrieved from urTenTen corpus with the help of sketch engine. The retrieved list of core Urdu vocabulary is supposed to be useful for the Chines business who is supposed to interact with the Urdu speakers of the region
Impact of Microfinance on Social Mobility and Women Empowerment: The Case of South Punjab
Get PDFThis purpose of this study was to examine the impact of microfinance on women empowerment and social mobility of women in the under privileged region of Bahawalpur located in south Punjab. The study uses a sample of 772 female clients of two active microfinance institutions, NRSP and Apna bank. A comprehensive questionnaire was used for the survey and results were analyzed through smart PLS. Findings of results suggested that Microfinance is an efficient tool in facilitating social mobility and financial empowerment in women belonging to the region of Bahawalpur. The value and originality of the paper rests with its use of social mobility as a determinant of well-being and enhancement in standard of living.
 
What Hinders to Promote Tourism in Pakistan? Using Binary Matrices for Structuring the Issue
Get PDFAim of the study is to identify what are the barriers in promoting tourism in Pakistan and imposing structure on complex interrelationships among these barriers. It is an exploratory study which uses literature discourse for identification of barriers, binary matrices for structuring issue and cross impact matrix multiplication applied to classification for analyzing driving-dependence power. Discourse of literature revealed that there are sixteen barriers important to address the issue in hand. Communication barrier and unfavorable government policies occupy bottom in the interpretive structural model that are highly important and need utmost attention. Eight barriers fall in dependent, four in independent, three in linkage and none in autonomous quadrant of driving-dependence diagram. The study is useful for policy makers and tourists’ agencies to handle current issues prevailing in tourism industry and promote it accordingly. It is a foremost attempt in Pakistan to structure the issue on the basis of opinion of experts from within stakeholders
Impact of HR Practices on Employee Turnover and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Pakistani Universities
Get PDFThis research examines the impact of pertinent HR practices/policies upon a person’s job contentment and turnover in higher educational institutes. A special context of universities of KP have been chosen where numerous employees have developed job dissatisfaction and increased turnover because of deteriorating security conditions including but not limited to terrorism attacks, civil unrest, widespread diseases and unconducive working environment. This has ultimately compelled them to leave their jobs and flee to other cities such as Islamabad and Karachi. More specifically, three HR policies i.e. employee participation, training and performance appraisal are analysed to affect job satisfaction and turnover. A quantitative survey was conducted to assess job outcomes of University teachers in multiple cities especially where living conditions have deteriorated in the recent past. Respondents were segregated on the basis of age, income per month, designation and gender basis. Frequency analysis and Mean Average Scores are reported for each construct. The regression results suggest a positive significant relation of employee participation and performance appraisal with that of job satisfaction while a significant negative relation is found with turnover ratio. The study concludes that universities should focus on implementing HR policies and practices effectively in workplace which will help retain employees and keep them motivated. This can be one of the many effective strategies to retain workforce and discourage brain-drain out of the country. The study ends with acknowledging limitations and offering future research directions
Efficiency Analysis of Public and Private Sector Schools of Multan District: A Non-Parametric Approach
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of public andprivate sector secondary and higher secondary schools in Multandistrict. We use output oriented data envelopment analysis tomeasure technical and scale efficiency of a sample of 100 publicand private sector schools, using data for the year 2014. DEA isemployed to compare efficiency of both types of schools because itis the most popular technique used to measure the relativeefficiency of non-profit organizations due to the absence of pricesor relative values of educational outputs. Moreover, it can handlemultiple inputs and outputs with great ease. As public and privateschools are working under similar environmental conditions, wehave used a single frontier, incorporating four educational inputsand four outputs. The results of the data demonstrate that publicschools lag behind private schools in terms of CRS and VRStechnical efficiency scores and scale efficiency scores. Our study ofschools validates the dominant paradigm that private schoolsoutperform the state-run institutes
Stock prices and Macroeconomic Performance in Pakistan: An Analysis
Get PDFThis paper analyzes long-term equilibrium relationships between theKarachi stock exchange index and a group of macroeconomic variables.The macroeconomic variables are represented by the gross domesticproduct, the consumer price index, M2 and the exchange rate. We employ amultiple regression model to explore such relationships during 1991 to2012. Our results indicated a "causal" relationship between the stock marketand the economy analysis of our results indicates that KSE 100 index has astrong positive impact on GDP and M2 in Pakistan. Whereas it has anegative and significant impact on CPI and exchange rate in Pakistan.Granger causality test shows that KSE 100 index Granger causes GDP, CPI,M2, EXRT, AGRI, FDI and BOT and the direction of causality runs fromKSE 100 index to these variables
The Determinants of Female Child Labour in Pakistan: The Case of Multan City
Get PDFThe ever-rising danger of child labour has created several problems inPakistan. The purpose of this study is to find out those determinants whichaffect the female child labour in Multan and also identify some newdeterminants which affect the incidence of the child labour. Data has beencollected for 200 female labourers, employed as maidservants, baby sittersand other household activities. The results of the study show that femalechild labour decreases due to increase in schools, assets, per-capita income,transfer payments, education and number of employed members in a familywhile on the other hand; large family size increases the female child labour.On the basis of the econometric analysis, we may suggest that governmentofficers, media experts, members of non-government organizations andeducationists should make serious and sincere efforts to achieve theobjective of decreasing the incidence of female child labour and developtheir living situations
Impact of Foreign Capital Inflows and Money Supply on Exchange Rate: A Case Study of Pakistan
Get PDFThe study attempts to examine the impact of foreign capital inflows andmoney supply on exchange rate of Pakistan. For this purpose we haveundertaken time series data for the period of 1973-2016. Annual data forthe period 1973-2016 is used, taken from Economic Survey of Pakistan(various issues) and International Financial Statistics (IFS). The mainvariables used in our analysis are exchange rate, openness, workers’remittances, foreign direct investment, foreign aid and money supply.Simple Linear Regression model with ordinary least method (OLS) isused to analyse the results. Money supply is positively and significantlyrelated to exchange rate. Worker’s remittances (WREM), foreign aid(FAID), foreign direct investment. (FDI) and openness (OPP) arenegatively and significantly related to exchange rate. The study showsthat foreign capital inflows and workers’ remittances significantlyappreciate the exchange rate in the case of Pakistan