Review of Economics and Development Studies (READS) (E-Journal)
Not a member yet
310 research outputs found
Sort by
Youth Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about Malaria in District Layyah Punjab
Get PDFPurpose: The present study is undertaken to examine youth knowledge, attitude and practices about malaria in district Layyah Punjab. There is little evidence that studies have been conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices of youth about malaria prevention. Thus the aim of the study is to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice of community youth about malaria prevention and management. A standardized structured questionnaire with Multiple Choice Questions was developed. Respondents was selected through simple random sample and questionnaire were used for data collection Thereafter the data were coded and entered in computer for analysis with SPSS and later for interpretation. The majority of respondents who participated in this study had positive attitude and with sufficient knowledge with low practices regarding malaria control and prevention. The findings of the study indicate that if people are supplied with accurate knowledge through appropriate channels, they may eventually have good practices in malaria prevention and management. Regular training on malaria prevention and management is necessary to address the knowledge gap revealed in the study
Determinants of Corporate Cash Holdings: Evidence from MNCs in Pakistan
Get PDFThe purpose of this article is to investigate whether firm-specific variables (i.e. size, growth opportunities, profitability, capital expenditures, leverage, dividends, cash flow and working capital) affect the cash holdings of MNCs. Moreover, to investigate whether theories relevant to cash holdings provide any justification to narrate the cash holding behavior of listed MNCs on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for the period 2006-2016. Results indicate that profitability positively impacts cash holdings. Firm size positively impacts cash holdings in pooled Ordinary Least Squares, while it negatively impacts cash holdings in the fixed effects method; however the relationship is insignificant. Leverage, growth opportunities, dividends, working capital ratio and capital expenditures are significant and negatively related to corporate cash holdings. Finally, cash flows are unrelated to cash holdings. In short, results indicate that firm-specific variables significantly affect the cash holdings of MNCs. Moreover, (+/-) coefficients of different explanatory variables indicate that theories relevant to cash holdings provide some support to explain the cash holding behavior of MNCs in an emerging economy - Pakistan
Measuring Socioeconomic Stratification and Mobility Pattern: A Case Study of Intra-Generational and Intra-Temporal Household Mobility of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
Get PDFThe stratification process and mobility pattern describe the socio-economic changes in society over the time period rather than at one point in time. The main objective of this study is to analyze the socioeconomic stratification of society and mobility across the time on the basis of base and final year socioeconomic stratification indicators of Pakistan. For this purpose primary data has been collected from three districts of Southern Punjab on the basis of education as prevalence rate. The transformation results depict the sign of divergence of society with increasing size of ruler strata which is not due to reduction in the size of bottom strata. Furthermore, an increase in income has not much impact on consumption behavior of households rather it exerts emphasis on material achievements in Southern Punjab. The study concludes that the degree of socio-economic mobility has been positively related to the life chances of society and shows the symptoms of pro-poor growth
Exploring the Impact of Financial Development on Inequality: Evidence from Three Asian Countries
Get PDFThe broad objective of the present study is to investigate the impact of financial development along with some other variables namely GDP per capita, in?ation rate, human capital, and trade openness for three developing Asian countries- Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Annual time series data during the period 1980-2014 have been used for empirical investigation. After employing appropriate tests and estimation techniques, it is found that the financial development is statistically insignificant for all three countries, it implies that yet these developing countries are not efficiently allocating domestic private credit to poor segments of population. The results also reveal that inflation impedes income inequality for Bangladesh and India. GDP growth rate is insignificant for India and Pakistan however it is significant for Bangladesh having statistically positive relationship with income inequality. It means that GDP growth rate is linked with growth of income of elite class rather than bottom segments of population. National income improves inequality for Bangladesh but have insignificant affect on income inequality for India and Pakistan. Similarly, trade openness is insignificant for India and Pakistan, however it is significant for Bangladesh having statistically positive relationship with income inequality, which indicates that there is increasing unemployment in these countries due to lesser employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled labour. Empirical results of human capital shows insignificancy for India and Pakistan where as it is significant for Bangladesh; hence revealing that these countries failed to optimally utilize their resources in educational sector
Sensitivity Level of Educational Administrators towards Child Rights
Get PDFThe Sensitivity level of administrators towards human rights specifically child rights in secondary schools needs to be explored. This sensitivity level towards child rights in terms of provision, protection and participation under United Nation Child Rights Convention (UNCRC) was assessed through knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) model. The cognizance of this need necessitates to layout ways of improvement for child rights. This study therefore, articulated and empirically validated the problems through educational administrators working in secondary schools of Punjab, Pakistan. This cross sectional study used quantitative method design for data collection from 233 educational administrators (CEO, DOs and Head teachers) selected through simple random sampling method from each division with a response rate of 100%. The analysis of data showed that administrators have high sensitivity level about knowledge, attitude and practice of child right provision, protection and participation. This study is useful for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers
Curing Expensive Mistakes: Applying ISM on Employees’ Emotional Behaviors in Environment of Mergers
Get PDFAim of the study is to apply ISM on disordered chaotic hierarchy of employees’ emotional behaviors that result in failed mergers. It is an exploratory research that uses in depth literature review for identification of behaviors, ISM for exploring causal relations, analyzing interactions & prioritizing them and MICMAC analysis for classifying them on the basis of their driving-dependence power. Findings revealed that: there are total eighteen employees’ emotional behaviors, having four levels hierarchy where job insecurity, feeling of degradation and jealousy occupy bottom of ISM model, hence, are most critical whereas, shame and compassion occupy top i.e. relatively less critical. MICMAC revealed that two behaviors are dependent, two are independent, and fourteen are autonomous and no ambivalent. This study is useful for organizations which are in process of mergers or acquisitions. This study is unique as it takes the matter holistically and develops pertinence wise hierarchicalization of behaviors. The paper offers three main contributions: i) it provides comprehensive conceptual understanding of constructs of the phenomenon and underpins complex relationships among behaviors, ii) developed a model of hierarchicalization of emotional behaviors and iii) developed driving-dependence diagram on the continuum of weak-strong
A Sociolinguistic Investigation of the Code Switching Practices of Students Outside Classroom in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Get PDFCode switching is a common phenomenon, generally observed in multilingual communities across the globe. A critical look at codes witching literature reveals that mostly code switching has been studied in classroom in learning and teaching context while code switching outside classroom in settings such as café, hostel and so on have been the least explored areas. In view of the above the current research investigated the reasons for code switching in the interactive practices of students and their perceptions regarding the same in outside classroom settings. Data were collected by means of audio recording 90 minutes student’s interactions in café and hostel and serving an open-ended questionnaire to the participants. The findings showed that the student’s code switched on account of socio-cultural, socio-psychological and communicative reasons. The study is important in the sense that it will further students understanding about CS in outside classroom settings
An Empirical Investigation of Consumer Satisfaction from Private Transport Services in District Peshawar
Get PDFThis study aimed to find out the consumer satisfaction from private transport services in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For this purpose primary data was collected through structured questioner. Questioners were distributed to 450 targeted samples in the study area. Four hundred and twenty-nine questioners were successful filled from respondents. Different fifteen variables were identified from literatures which determine consumer satisfaction. As the nature of the dependent variable i.e. satisfaction is binary (categorical variable: Yes/No). Therefore, all the information’s collected analyzed through Probit-regression technique. Four different models were estimated to investigate different factors affecting consumer satisfaction individually and collectively. Out of fifteen variables nine variables are founded statistically significant. Significant variables were Quality of Vehicles, Cleanness of Vehicles, Availability of Seats, Driver Skills, Rout Characteristic, Waiting Time, Time Taken to reach destination, Regulatory Services and Frequency of Vehicle. All these variables contributed positively with consumer satisfaction. Sub factors of the timeliness were strongly relation with satisfaction level compare to other factors. Mean value of SERVQUAL dimensions showed that customers are dissatisfied from transport services. Consumers are dissatisfied at a large extent in district Peshawar and feel hesitation during traveling. Such tension and frustration during traveling affect adversely efficiency of the consumer. To avoid such dis-comport and increase in social welfare of the society which is the foremost objective of every government. Therefore, government should intervene in private sector transport and ensure suitable policy for the future perspective
Role of Cinema in Identity Construction in India and Pakistan after Partition 1947
Get PDFThis paper reflects only part of a broader research project in which narratives between India and Pakistan have been analyzed as propagated through the medium of film. Existing literature highlights that events from 1947 partition between India and Pakistan, have been used methodically by establishments on both side to recontextualize the realities of partition and violence associated with that, blaming each other for being the cause, suppressing much of what actually transpired, evading any clear position, while promoting triumphant discourses of nation, sacrifice and socio-economic insinuations. The focus of this paper is to examine how visual modality as explained by Machin and Mayr (2012), plays a part in shaping opinions and narrating events. Employing Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) to analyze the discourses realized by a partition based movie, this paper highlights that the way ‘other’ is depicted to experience partition, and has been represented to suit the ‘self’s’ account. The representation is a vital part of the legitimization of one particular discourse of partition, used to marginalize other likely discourses in both countries. The study has implications for understanding post-colonial and post-separation socio-cultural development in Pakistan and India. The outcomes of the study can be utilized to identify the ways both countries can use media and narratives to enhance socio-cultural ties and policies; thereby welfare of people on both sides
Impact of Passive Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Turnover Intentions; Mediating Effect of Organizational Interpersonal Trust
Get PDFThis study investigates the impact of passive leadership on organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intentions with the mediating effect of organizational interpersonal trust. Data has been collected from a sample of 180 working at managerial levels in public and private sector universities based in Islamabad. Findings of the current study confirms that passive leadership is negatively associated with organizational citizenship behavior and employee turnover intentions and the mediating role of organizational interpersonal trust confirms the partial mediation between these relationships. The study provided with new insights into the body of knowledge and also provided with practical implications. Limitations of the current study along with the future directions of research also discussed at the end